风电场风力风速预测中的长期趋势分析与预测方法研究

风力发电作为清洁能源的重要组成部分,其稳定可靠的发电能力对能源供应具有重要意义。然而,风能的可变性和不确定性给风电场的运行和管理带来了挑战。文章概述了长期趋势分析的理论基础,讨论了常用的预测方法和预测模型,并通过试验验证了基于深度学习的预测模型的准确性,以期为相关人员提供参考。

山地风电场风力发电机组选型介绍及其安装安全技术分析

随着我国风力发电技术的不断进步,风力发电技术以于我国的平原地区得以广泛使用。高原、山地等地区的风力比平原地区大,但由于高原、山地地区的地势复杂、山路崎岖,在安装风力发电机的过程中可能面临诸多安全风险,因此,保证施工人员的安全,对山地风力发电机安装建设现场进行安全、规范的管理至关重要。鉴于此,该文重点探析了风力发电的特点,又对山地风力发电机机组的选型进行介绍。最后,对保证安装风力发电机组的安全性提出几点建议,希望能为有关从业人员提供参考。

风电场和风力发电机组三维仿真模型教学培训系统

针对风电场技术人员缺乏、培训难度大的问题,通过建立三维虚拟仿真空间模拟风电场环境,并在此虚拟环境下开展教学培训;采用微软基础类库动态演示技术对虚拟环境中的参训人员进行监测,将人员动态清晰显示在屏幕上;采用故障备份链路重映射算法对演示图像进行分析,根据人员的学习情况针对性地校正其操作手法,从而提升培训人员的培训合格率。最后生成培训效果测试实验表,发现该研究培训环境承载力为100人次,系统培训合格率达到84.6%,培训人员培训合格率提升幅度最大为18.8%。

苍南风电场Vestas风电机运行报告

本文主要就苍南风电场安装的15台V-42 600kW风电机在已投产运行的近四年时间里的主要故障情况、技术改造等情况做简单介绍。

Special report on relationship between wind farms and power grids

The installed capacity of a large scale wind power plant will be up to a number of hundreds MW, and the wind power is transmitted to load centers through long distance transmission lines with 220 kV, 500 kV, or 750 kV. Therefore, it is necessary not only considering the power transmission line between a wind power plant and the first connection node of the power network, but also the power network among the group of those wind power plants in a wind power base, the integration network from the base to the existed grids, as well as the distribution and consumption of the wind power generation by loads. Meanwhile, the impact of wind power stochastic fluctuation on power systems must be studied. In recent years, wind power prediction technology has been studied by the utilities and wind power plants. As a matter of fact, some European countries have used this prediction technology as a tool in national power dispatch centers and wind power companies.

Perspectives of China’s wind energy development

Wind energy is a kind of clean renewable energy, which is also relatively mature in technology, with largescale development conditions and prospect for the commercialization. The development of wind energy is a systematic project, involving policy, law, technology, economy, society, environment, education and other aspects. The relationship among all the aspects should be well treated and coordinated. This paper has discussed the following relationships which should be well coordinated: relationship between wind resources and wind energy development, relationship between the wind turbine generator system and the components, relationship between wind energy technology and wind energy industry, relationship between off-grid wind power and grid-connected wind power, relationship between wind farm and the power grid, relationship between onshore wind power and offshore wind power, relationship between wind energy and other energies, relationship between technology introduction and self-innovation, relationship among foreign-funded, joint ventured and domestic-funded enterprises and relationship between the government guidance and the market regulation, as well as giving out some suggestions.

New energy power generation-wind power generation

This paper introduced the status quo of wind power and wind power generation technology. Focusing on the introduction of wind power generating system ibrational self-consistent field（VSCF）, program implementation included Alternating Current （AC）-Direct Current （DC）-AC conversion system, magnetic field modulation generator system, doubly-fed generator system etc. Among these, doubly-fed generator system is the trend. Where to build the wind farm is very important, so a perfect site is needed. Wind power generation will have a bright future. As long as the wind power can be linked to the grid in large scale.

Wind Turbine Selection Criteria： A Customer Perspective

Selection of the wind turbine manufacturer is naturally an important issue for wind energy companies when they build new wind farms. This paper describes the main factors by which wind energy companies choose their turbine manufacturers in a selected case region in Finland. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews, for which the experts and decision makers of selected wind energy companies formed the focus group. During the analysis of the results, it became clear that it was not possible to form a detailed and prioritized list of selection criteria, but still some general themes emerged. The main theme was the manufacturer and product reliability, and then the production volume, cost factors, availability factors, and the organization of maintenance in this order. Interestingly, the arctic conditions of the selected case region did not play any significant role.

Coordination between Fault-Ride-Through Capability and Over-current Protection of DFIG Generators for Wind Farms

Fault Ride-Through （FRT） capabilities set up according to the grid codes may affect the performance of related protective elements during fault periods. Therefore, in this paper the coordination between the FRT capability and over-current protection of DFIG Wind Generators in MV networks is investigated. Simulation test cases using MATLAB-Simulink are implemented on a 365-MW wind farm in AL-Zaafarana, Egypt. The simulation results show the influence of the FRT capability on the protective relaying coordination in wind farms, showing that the FRT may work in situations where is were expected not to work, and then disabling the over-current protection, which should have worked in this situation.

H2 Production from Wind Power in a Wind Farm in Spain

A hydrogen production and conversion plant from wind power was installed in the Sotavento wind farm by Gas Natural and the Galician Government. This facility is the highest electrolysis power installed at the European level. It consists of an electrolyser of 300 kW, a piston compressor, a 1,725 Nm3 H2 storage system and an engine of 55 kW. This pilot plant is being operated by Natural Gas in order to extrapolate its behavior to that of an industrial facility capable of managing all the production of Sotavento wind farm following different strategies： balancing, peak-shaving and repowering. In this paper, preliminary results at the facility are presented. The aim of these first tests has been to describe the operation of equipment under operating conditions required in the management of wind power production, in order to understand the behavior of the different equipment and try to make them suitable for this type of applications. This paper shows the difficulty of operating these systems under the wind power requirements.

Availability. Based Wind Farm Design

The paper develops a methodology for the optimal sizing of a generic wind farms, focusing primarily on reliability aspects, besides the traditional economic ones. A specific objective function is proposed in order to select the better wind farm configuration, based upon the profits related to the economic trading in the deregulated electric market and the costs due to investment, operation ＆ management, and to system unavailability. This objective function is accurately investigated as a function of the turbines number in order to derive the most convenient alternative, which implies also the optimal choice of the single wind generators size. The ranking coming out from this assessment is then compared with that one established in terms of expected load not supplied. A compromise choice, between the best alternatives provided by the two criteria has finally adopted. A simple numerical application is reported in the last part of the paper for testing the validity of the proposed approach. Also uncertainty aspects in the basic input parameters are taken into account and possible way of dealing with them is briefly illustrated.

Comparison of China＇s Wind Power Integration Standard with Similar Foreign Standards

Appropriate wind power integration standards are of great importance to standardize wind power integration and guarantee the safety and stability of the power system. This article describes the wind power integration standards of China explicitly and explains several important points of the newly revised wind power integration standards of China in comparison with standards of Germany, Denmark, etc. The newly revised standards can meet the technical demand of China＇s large-scale centralized development of wind power, and guarantee the safety, stability and economy of the grid and wind farm.

Study on the Rural Electrification in Jordan

An investigation was conducted to install wind farm to supply electrical power to the village of Ras Munif, the highest elevation in Jordan. The village installed capacity load was found to be 500 kW. A 25 windmills, 20 kW each, forming the wind farm was found to be the best choice to supply the village with 100% of its needed power. The windmills will be spaced 50 meters along an unobstructed continuous wind flow location, along sloping sides of Ras Munif Mountain, alongside service road. The village load bus will be connected directly to both the output of wind farm inverter output bus and to the national grid bus. Both buses supply the needed power. The power flow was found to be supplied by the wind farm, except when the wind speed is low, the village load will be supplied partially or totally by the national grid bus.

Validating Wind Energy Probability at Ahmednagar Wind Farm

The wind speed is measured with the help of three anemometers S30, S45, S60 placed at 30 m, 45 m, and 60 m height. Mean values are recorded and stored for every hour using a data logger. For accounting wind turbine generator （WTG.） tower height, data recorded from S60 anemometer at 60 m height is used for analysis purpose. This paper analyzes the probability distribution of wind speed data recorded by maharashtra energy development agency （MEDA） wind farm at Ahmednagar （India）. The main objective is to validate the wind energy probability by using probability distribution function （PDF） of available wind potential. The energy generated from wind for any time interval is equal to the area tinder power curve multiplied by time in hours for that time interval. To estimate the wind energy probability, hourly wind speed data tbr one year interval is selected. Weibull distribution is adopted in this study to best fit the wind speed data. The scale and shape paranleters are estimated by using maximum likelihood method. The goodness of fit tests based on the probability density function （PDF） is conducted to show that the distribution adequately fits the data. It is found from the curve fitting test that, although the two distributions are all suitable for describing the probability distribution of wind speed data, the two-parameter weibull distribution is more appropriate than the lognormal distribution.

Wind Energy Potential Assessment in Republic of Macedonia

The paper presents the measurement campaign of wind energy potential undertaken in Republic of Macedonia on four sites from the middle of 2006. The wind data analysis has been performed for one site, following with the assessment of energy production of simulated wind park with six wind turbine generators.

Power Stabilization by Windfarm Applied Statistical Model and Pumped Storage Generation Using Archimedean Screw

In this paper, a method of stabilizing electric power by a system which is a combination of wind power generation and pumped storage power generation is proposed. The system operates based on the output predicted value of the windfarm. When the measured windfarm output is larger than the predicted value, the system is pumping up water with surplus power. When the windfarm output is smaller than the predicted value, the system is filling up lack power by hydro generator. Also, since hydro generator works with a start-up delay time, output shortage occurs at this time. To improve output shortage at the time, we estimate the time below the predicted value by a statistical model. As the result, the system succeeded in stabilizing the power and improving the start-up delay time of the hydro generator.

Study on Co-siting of Wind Farm and PV Station

After years of booming growth on renewable energy, the untapped land suitable for the wind farm becomes increasingly scarce in China. In order to make full use of the land, it became a realistic practice to construct wind farm together with PV station in those areas where both the wind resource and solar resource are rich. In this paper, based on the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of wind and solar resources, the factors influencing on the layout of wind turbine and PV array and the interaction between wind turbine and PV array, a proposal for co-siting design wind farm and PV station is discussed.

Optimal short-term load dispatch strategy in wind farm

With the increasing number of wind farms in power systems, the scheduling of a single wind farm needs to be improved. For this end, this paper proposes an optimal short-term load dispatch strategy for a single wind farm. Firstly, considering the large number of wind units and the high dimensionality of the scheduling solutions, we analyze the unit load characteristics, from which we extract the unit load characteristic matrix, and then classify the wind power units with the FCM fuzzy clustering algorithm. Secondly, we define the running loss indicator and action loss indicator. Based on the prediction of wind power and the load instructions, we establish a unit commitment model in wind farm, and solve the model using a combination of the fuzzy clustering algorithm and genetic algorithm, which overcomes the difficulty of the high dimensionality of the solution in the wind farm scheduling problem, to obtain the optimal scheduling strategy. Finally, through the simulation of the scheduling strategy for a 45 MW wind farm, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Wind Tunnel Study on Wind and Turbulence Intensity Profiles in Wind Turbine Wake

In recent years, there has been a rapid development of the wind farms in Japan. It becomes very important to investigate the wind turbine arrangement in wind farm, in order that the wake of one wind turbine does not to interfere with the flow in other wind turbines. In such a case, in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency from the wind, and to install as many as possible wind turbines within a limited area, it becomes a necessity to study the mutual interference of the wake developed by wind turbines. However, there is no report related to the effect of the turbulence intensity of the external flow on the wake behind a wind turbine generated in the wind tunnel. In this paper, the measurement results of the averaged wind profile and turbulence intensity profile in the wake in the wind tunnel are shown when the turbulence intensity of the external wind was changed. The wind tunnel experiment is performed with 500mm-diameter two-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine and the wind velocity in wake is measured by an I-type hot wire probe. As a result, it is clarified that high turbulence intensities enable to the entrainment of the main flow and the wake and to recover quickly the velocity in the wake.

Simulation Research on Combined Operation of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station and Wind Farm

Towards the analysis of the developmental situation of wind power generation and electric vehicles,a novel idea for stabilizing the fl uctuation of wind farms’output by the use of battery swapping stations of electric vehicles is put forward in this paper,to effectively alleviate the impact of grid-connected operation of wind farms on the power system while promoting the fi eld operation of charging and battery swapping stations.A battery swapping station is treated as a capacity-variable energy storage power station,connected to the output terminal of a wind farm.A combined operation model for wind farm and battery swapping station is established based on the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform and the control strategy is proposed for the operation of battery swapping stations.The simulation results show that the introduction of a battery swapping station can effectively stabilize the fl uctuation of wind farm output.