The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the development of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)and the ABO variant rs505922(known to increase pan-creatic cancer risk)in a large cohort of European individual...The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the development of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)and the ABO variant rs505922(known to increase pan-creatic cancer risk)in a large cohort of European individuals with CCA.In total,180 individuals with CCA and 350 CCA-free controls were included.The ABO variant rs505922 was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay.Association between this single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and CCA was tested in contingency tables.Neither allele distributions nor association tests and regression analysis provided evidence for an increased risk of CCA among carriers of the ABO variant(all P > 0.05).Nevertheless,we documented a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the entire CCA cohort(P = 0.028)and for patients with intrahe-patic(P = 0.037)but not extrahepatic tumor localization(P > 0.05).The association tests did not provide evidence for a prominent role of the investigated SNP in the genetic risk of CCA.However,Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in the entire cohort and the intrahepatic CCA subgroup warrants future studies investigating a potential CCA risk modulation by individual blood groups.展开更多
Telomere maintenance genes play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the telomere structure that protects chromosome ends,and telomere dysfunction may lead to tumorigenesis.Genetic variation in telomere m...Telomere maintenance genes play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the telomere structure that protects chromosome ends,and telomere dysfunction may lead to tumorigenesis.Genetic variation in telomere maintenance genes has been confirmed.Cumulative evidence shows that the difference of telomere length and stability among the individual depends on the genetic variants of telomere maintenance genes.Genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes may affect telomere length and stability,thus the increased cancer risk.This review intends to summarize the association of genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes with bladder cancer risk.展开更多
As the offshore engineering moving from shallow to deep waters, the foundation types for fixed and floating platforms have been gradually evolving to minimize engineering costs and structural risks in the harsh offsho...As the offshore engineering moving from shallow to deep waters, the foundation types for fixed and floating platforms have been gradually evolving to minimize engineering costs and structural risks in the harsh offshore environments. Particular focus of this paper is on the foundation instability and its failure mechanisms as well as the relevant theory advances for the prevailing foundation types in both shallow and deep water depths. Piles, spudcans, gravity bases, suction caissons, and plate anchors are detailed in this paper. The failure phenomena and mechanisms for each type of foundations are identified and summarized, respectively. The theoretical approaches along with sophisticated empirical solutions for the bearing capacity problems are then presented. The major challenges are from flow-structure-soil coupling processes, rigorous constitutive modeling of cyclic behaviors of marine sediments, and the spatial variability of soil properties for large-spreading structures. Further researches are suggested to reveal the instability mechanisms for underpinning the evolution of offshore foundations.展开更多
The level of genetic variation among individuals may affect performance by reducing the ability of prey to detect and escape from predators if lack of genetic variation reduces flight ability directly or indirectly th...The level of genetic variation among individuals may affect performance by reducing the ability of prey to detect and escape from predators if lack of genetic variation reduces flight ability directly or indirectly through reduced parasite resistance. We investigated vulnerability of common avian prey species to predation by the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and the goshawk A. gentilis in relation to an index of genetic similarity among adults of potential prey species. We estimated a prey vulnerability in- dex that reflects the abundance of prey relative to the expected abundance according to local population density, and related this index to band sharing coefficients based on analyses of minisatellites for adults in local breeding populations. The prey vulnera- bility index was positively correlated with the band sharing coefficient in both predators, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables. These findings indicate that prey species with high band sharing coefficients, and hence low levels of genetic variation, are more readily caught by avian predators. Therefore, predation may constitute a major cost of low levels of genetic variation in extant populations of prey [Current Zoology 61（1）： 1-9, 2015].展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the development of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)and the ABO variant rs505922(known to increase pan-creatic cancer risk)in a large cohort of European individuals with CCA.In total,180 individuals with CCA and 350 CCA-free controls were included.The ABO variant rs505922 was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay.Association between this single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and CCA was tested in contingency tables.Neither allele distributions nor association tests and regression analysis provided evidence for an increased risk of CCA among carriers of the ABO variant(all P > 0.05).Nevertheless,we documented a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the entire CCA cohort(P = 0.028)and for patients with intrahe-patic(P = 0.037)but not extrahepatic tumor localization(P > 0.05).The association tests did not provide evidence for a prominent role of the investigated SNP in the genetic risk of CCA.However,Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in the entire cohort and the intrahepatic CCA subgroup warrants future studies investigating a potential CCA risk modulation by individual blood groups.
文摘Telomere maintenance genes play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the telomere structure that protects chromosome ends,and telomere dysfunction may lead to tumorigenesis.Genetic variation in telomere maintenance genes has been confirmed.Cumulative evidence shows that the difference of telomere length and stability among the individual depends on the genetic variants of telomere maintenance genes.Genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes may affect telomere length and stability,thus the increased cancer risk.This review intends to summarize the association of genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes with bladder cancer risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11232012,11372319 and 51309213)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB046204)
文摘As the offshore engineering moving from shallow to deep waters, the foundation types for fixed and floating platforms have been gradually evolving to minimize engineering costs and structural risks in the harsh offshore environments. Particular focus of this paper is on the foundation instability and its failure mechanisms as well as the relevant theory advances for the prevailing foundation types in both shallow and deep water depths. Piles, spudcans, gravity bases, suction caissons, and plate anchors are detailed in this paper. The failure phenomena and mechanisms for each type of foundations are identified and summarized, respectively. The theoretical approaches along with sophisticated empirical solutions for the bearing capacity problems are then presented. The major challenges are from flow-structure-soil coupling processes, rigorous constitutive modeling of cyclic behaviors of marine sediments, and the spatial variability of soil properties for large-spreading structures. Further researches are suggested to reveal the instability mechanisms for underpinning the evolution of offshore foundations.
文摘The level of genetic variation among individuals may affect performance by reducing the ability of prey to detect and escape from predators if lack of genetic variation reduces flight ability directly or indirectly through reduced parasite resistance. We investigated vulnerability of common avian prey species to predation by the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and the goshawk A. gentilis in relation to an index of genetic similarity among adults of potential prey species. We estimated a prey vulnerability in- dex that reflects the abundance of prey relative to the expected abundance according to local population density, and related this index to band sharing coefficients based on analyses of minisatellites for adults in local breeding populations. The prey vulnera- bility index was positively correlated with the band sharing coefficient in both predators, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables. These findings indicate that prey species with high band sharing coefficients, and hence low levels of genetic variation, are more readily caught by avian predators. Therefore, predation may constitute a major cost of low levels of genetic variation in extant populations of prey [Current Zoology 61（1）： 1-9, 2015].
