近年来,技术的加速发展为海上自主水面船舶(MASS)开辟了新的机遇,自主船舶的发展已经成为一个热点方向。但是,随着先进自动化技术的引入,新的风险也可能会出现。在目前缺乏技术具体规则和标准的情况下,必须采用一种设计方法来确保系统...近年来,技术的加速发展为海上自主水面船舶(MASS)开辟了新的机遇,自主船舶的发展已经成为一个热点方向。但是,随着先进自动化技术的引入,新的风险也可能会出现。在目前缺乏技术具体规则和标准的情况下,必须采用一种设计方法来确保系统和船舶安全。欧盟委员会(EC)和欧洲海事安全局(EMSA)主导的Risk Based Assessment Tool(基于风险的评估工具,RBAT)项目是专门针对MASS的风险评估工具,以促进欧盟成员国监管部门在分析和批准MASS初步设计方面的工作,该项目于2020年8月启动.展开更多
目的评价当前我国医院感染预测模型研究方法学质量和报告质量,以期为规范研究过程和报告方法提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库截至2022年底的国内医院感染相关预测模型研究,研究团队按纳入、排除标准独立筛选文献、交叉核对提取资料...目的评价当前我国医院感染预测模型研究方法学质量和报告质量,以期为规范研究过程和报告方法提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库截至2022年底的国内医院感染相关预测模型研究,研究团队按纳入、排除标准独立筛选文献、交叉核对提取资料后,应用临床预测模型偏倚风险和适用性的评估工具(prediction model risk of bias assessment tool,PROBAST)评价方法学质量,使用个体预后与诊断预测模型研究报告规范(transparent reporting of a multivariable pre⁃diction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis,TRIPOD)声明评价研究报告质量。结果共纳入81篇医院感染预测模型研究,PROBAST偏倚风险评估的平均完成度为58.11%±13.88%,TRIPOD声明报告质量的平均完成度为56.11%±16.35%。方法学缺陷主要存在于数据来源、未考虑数据复杂性与采用单因素分析筛选预测因子等,报告质量中风险分层、样本量估算与补充信息等条目未报告或报告不全面。结论国内医院感染预测模型研究存在方法学缺陷与不完整的报告情况,限制了研究结果的可靠性与适用性,有较大的改进空间。展开更多
In order to evaluate the danger of debris flow properly, eight factors were selected as the risk assess- ment indexes of the debris flow, namely the vertical slope, valley relative difference, hillside slope, area of ...In order to evaluate the danger of debris flow properly, eight factors were selected as the risk assess- ment indexes of the debris flow, namely the vertical slope, valley relative difference, hillside slope, area of ba- sin, loose solid material reserves, the path length of sediment supply probability, silting and scouring derrieking and vegetation coverage. The improved Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) method was used to obtain the weights of the factors; and the efficacy coefficient method was adopted to evaluate the risks of six typical debris flow gullies. According to the research, the improved AHP method not only avoids the subjectivity in the indi- vidual factor valuation by comparing two factors of each layer, but also makes the subsequent consistency check unnecessary.展开更多
文摘近年来,技术的加速发展为海上自主水面船舶(MASS)开辟了新的机遇,自主船舶的发展已经成为一个热点方向。但是,随着先进自动化技术的引入,新的风险也可能会出现。在目前缺乏技术具体规则和标准的情况下,必须采用一种设计方法来确保系统和船舶安全。欧盟委员会(EC)和欧洲海事安全局(EMSA)主导的Risk Based Assessment Tool(基于风险的评估工具,RBAT)项目是专门针对MASS的风险评估工具,以促进欧盟成员国监管部门在分析和批准MASS初步设计方面的工作,该项目于2020年8月启动.
文摘目的评价当前我国医院感染预测模型研究方法学质量和报告质量,以期为规范研究过程和报告方法提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库截至2022年底的国内医院感染相关预测模型研究,研究团队按纳入、排除标准独立筛选文献、交叉核对提取资料后,应用临床预测模型偏倚风险和适用性的评估工具(prediction model risk of bias assessment tool,PROBAST)评价方法学质量,使用个体预后与诊断预测模型研究报告规范(transparent reporting of a multivariable pre⁃diction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis,TRIPOD)声明评价研究报告质量。结果共纳入81篇医院感染预测模型研究,PROBAST偏倚风险评估的平均完成度为58.11%±13.88%,TRIPOD声明报告质量的平均完成度为56.11%±16.35%。方法学缺陷主要存在于数据来源、未考虑数据复杂性与采用单因素分析筛选预测因子等,报告质量中风险分层、样本量估算与补充信息等条目未报告或报告不全面。结论国内医院感染预测模型研究存在方法学缺陷与不完整的报告情况,限制了研究结果的可靠性与适用性,有较大的改进空间。
文摘In order to evaluate the danger of debris flow properly, eight factors were selected as the risk assess- ment indexes of the debris flow, namely the vertical slope, valley relative difference, hillside slope, area of ba- sin, loose solid material reserves, the path length of sediment supply probability, silting and scouring derrieking and vegetation coverage. The improved Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) method was used to obtain the weights of the factors; and the efficacy coefficient method was adopted to evaluate the risks of six typical debris flow gullies. According to the research, the improved AHP method not only avoids the subjectivity in the indi- vidual factor valuation by comparing two factors of each layer, but also makes the subsequent consistency check unnecessary.