基于变权重-正态云模型的飞机轮胎滑水风险

针对飞机轮胎滑水行为的随机性和模糊性特征,提出基于正态云模型的滑水安全评价分析方法。引入变权理论动态调整权值,采用惩罚性变权函数降低常权权值对评价结果的主观影响。构建飞机轮胎滑水流固耦合仿真分析模型,选取飞机轮载、滑行速度、积水厚度、道面摩擦系数及刻槽深度作为风险影响因素,基于单因素云模型数字特征及变权向量求解综合隶属度,建立多元决策下的飞机滑水风险等级及划分标准。以某山区多雨机场轮胎滑水事件为实例进行验证,结果表明:以传统临界滑水速度指标进行条件判定仅得出允许起降的一般结论;对比常权和变权评价结果,工况1安全系数由1.09提高至1.17,工况2由2.09提高至2.94,可定量描述道面起降环境差异,滑水风险仍在可接受范围内,变权评价结果偏于保守;工况3安全系数由3.13提高至3.74,滑水风险上升至Ⅳ级,即使道面积水厚度符合上限要求,轮胎滑水发生几率仍有可能显著提高,与实际风险情况基本一致,对道面运行安全分级管理具备参照性。

湿滑道面飞机着陆滑水风险量化分析

基于飞机机载记录仪数据和临界滑水速度提出滑水风险量化指标,将飞机接地滑行全过程纳入滑水分析范围;建立着陆阶段飞机轮胎⁃积水道面流固耦合仿真模型,考察道面积水分布及接地位置横向漂移影响,以空客A320为代表机型开展案例分析。结果表明,着陆阶段飞机轮胎临界滑水速度较起飞阶段低12%~18%,滑水事故风险更高;道面横坡引起积水不均匀分布,跑道边缘滑水风险高于中线区域;临界滑水速度及滑水风险指标均为关于接地位置横坐标的函数;同等降雨强度条件下滑水风险概率随飞机接地横向分布标准差增大而减小;增大横坡度可加快道面积水排除,2.0%横坡度工况较1.5%时滑水风险降低5.1%~5.6%;降雨强度与飞机滑水风险正相关,由0.8 mm/min增大至2.5 mm/min时滑水风险指标增加约13.1%;该滑水风险量化分析方法可定量描述飞机着陆环境变化影响,滑水判定方式有明显改进。

A Potential Flow Based Flight Simulator for an Underwater Glider

Underwater gliders are recent innovative types of autonomous underwater vehicles （AUVs） used in ocean exploration and observation. They adjust their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the change of altitude, they use the hydrodynamic forces developed by their wings to move forward. Their flights are controlled by changing the position of their centers of gravity and their buoyancy to adjust their trim and heel angles. For better flight control, the understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and the flight mechanics of the underwater glider is necessary. A 6-DOF motion simulator is coupled with an unsteady potential flow model for this purpose. In some specific cases, the numerical study demonstrates that an inappropriate stabilizer dimension can cause counter-steering behavior. The simulator can be used to improve the automatic flight control. It can also be used for the hydrodynamic design optimization of the devices.