用魔法飞行棒开展趣味静电实验

飞行棒是一款小巧的手持式静电玩具,利用两种不同材料摩擦起电,通过电荷自激作用,在表面积累大量正电荷,形成稳定的静电场.利用飞行棒可以开展趣味静电实验,揭示电荷之间的相互作用.

基于多模型方法的全包络鲁棒飞行控制器设计

利用新一代歼击机不同平衡点的多个非线性子模型对其机动飞行的全包络模型进行逼近。对于每一个子模型,设计相应的动态逆控制器,应用模糊神经网络产生控制器切换决策,实现不同飞行状态下不同模型控制器之间的相互切换。同时为了提高多模型飞行控制效果,对各模型控制器的输入及输出采样并作为神经网络的学习样本,形成一个全包络内的多模型统一神经网络控制器。最后通过歼击机的大迎角机动仿真来验证所设计的基于多模型的统一神经网络控制器的有效性,仿真结果表明所设计的统一神经网络控制器是有效的。

折叠翼飞行器鲁棒飞行控制系统设计方法

为解决折叠翼飞行器在机载发射段主升力翼面/立尾展开前后气动特性变化较大,以及对飞行控制律鲁棒性要求较高的问题,基于飞行器六自由度非线性动态模型,应用随机鲁棒分析与设计方法(SRAD),对机载发射段折叠翼飞行器的翼面/立尾展开过程,设计了鲁棒飞行控制律,并通过对风干扰环境下的六自由度非线性弹道仿真,验证了翼面/立尾展开段鲁棒飞行控制律的有效性.

飞机运动系统的区间模型及鲁棒飞行控制

提出了阵风干扰下飞机运动的区间系统模型 ,基于 Riccati方程方法 ,研究了干扰对区间控制系统的二次性能指标影响的鲁棒控制问题。通过解一个代数 Riccati不等式方程给出了该问题的一个解。将该方法应用于某型飞机的鲁棒飞行控制器的设计 ,说明本文的方法是有效的。

基于通用扩张状态观测器的鲁棒飞行控制方法

针对参数不确定、外界干扰与测量噪声情况下飞行控制问题,提出一种基于通用扩张状态观测器的鲁棒飞行控制方法。基于状态相关的Riccati方程控制方法对飞行器俯仰通道非线性模型进行扩展线性化;引入基于通用扩张状态观测器的控制方法,设计干扰补偿增益,实现对外界干扰的估计与补偿;通过在线解算状态相关矩阵及代数黎卡提方程,得出状态反馈增益与干扰补偿增益,实现对飞行器期望攻角的跟踪控制。与已有方法对比表明,所提方法不仅对系统模型不确定性与外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,而且在较大测量噪声情况下,其依然能够保证良好的跟踪控制效果,具有较强的工程应用价值。

一类非脆弱μ综合鲁棒飞行控制设计与仿真研究

为了解决在被控对象和控制器同时摄动时飞行控制系统的设计问题,提出了非脆弱μ综合鲁棒控制系统设计方法。通过数学模型的转换,将控制器的摄动转化为被控对象的摄动,解决了一类常规的鲁棒飞行控制性能设计不能保证控制器摄动时系统具有较好性能的问题。以某推力矢量飞机侧向运动为例,对其进行了非脆弱μ综合设计并做了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法具有良好的鲁棒性和可行性。

基于干扰观测器的新一代歼击机鲁棒飞行逆控制器设计

基于干扰观测器设计了新一代歼击机的鲁棒飞行逆控制器。根据时标分离的原则 ,将机动飞机分为快慢不同的回路。采用动态逆方法设计了快回路和慢回路控制器 ,并在慢回路用干扰观测器估计飞机所受的扰动 ,同时 ,用于在线补偿动态逆误差。仿真结果表明 。

直升机鲁棒控制器设计及地面仿真试验

以直升机为被控对象,应用LQR技术设计了三轴稳定鲁棒控制器。以直升机模型、执行器模型以及设计的三轴稳定控制器构成全数字闭环仿真系统进行仿真,并将所设计的鲁棒控制器编制鲁棒实时飞行控制律软件加载至飞行控制计算机,在实际地面仿真环境下进行了较为全面的地面联试。仿真结果表明,所设计的鲁棒控制器正确有效,并为其进一步应用于实际飞行控制系统打下了坚实基础。

一种鲁棒自适应Backstepping控制方案研究

对基于调节函数的 Backstepping自适应控制方案进行了改进 ,设计了一种新型鲁棒自适应无人机飞行控制系统 .首先将某型无人机的系统模型转化为一个含有非线性参数不确定性、不确定的非线性与未建模动态的受扰严格反馈系统 ,然后提出了一种含有广义误差自适应调节项的新型李亚普诺夫函数 ,得出了稳定自适应控制律和参数更新律 .最后该无人机的鲁棒自适应飞控系统的有效性得到了仿真验证 .

多工作点飞机的多目标飞行控制器设计

针对具有多工作点的飞机,基于Lyapunov理论提出了一种多目标飞行控制器设计方法.在存在未知系统参数条件下,该方法同时考虑了飞机的操纵品质要求和鲁棒稳定性.利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法推导了多工作点飞行条件下的操纵品质准则.基于参数相关Lyapunov函数和描述系统方法,得到了飞行控制系统鲁棒稳定性条件.飞行控制器设计方法可以归结为求解一组线性矩阵不等式.仿真结果验证了设计方法的有效性.

基于粒子群算法的导弹飞行控制系统设计

针对反坦克导弹鲁棒飞行控制系统设计问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法的鲁棒飞行控制律设计方法。在使用μ综合方法设计反坦克导弹控制律时,采用粒子群算法优化鲁棒性能加权函数,解决了加权函数难以选择的问题。仿真结果表明,采用粒子群算法的μ综合方法设计的反坦克导弹飞行控制律具有较强的鲁棒性和更好的指令跟踪能力。

ROBUST FAULT DIAGNOSIS FOR HELICOPTER FCS BASED ON LINEAR PARAMETERVARYING ADAPTIVE OBSERVER

Based on the linear parameter-varying （LPV） adaptive observer, the robust fault diagnosis for a class of LPV systems with external disturbances is studied. Since the flight control system （FCS） is nonlinear and time-varying, the LPV technique is used for FCS. And then the adaptive fault estimation algorithm based on the LPV adaptive observer is proposed to estimate the fault. To minimize the effect of disturbances on the fault estimation, the H~ robust performance index is introduced to design the LPV adaptive fault diagnosis observer and the fault estimation algorithm. The result shows that the method has good estimation performance and is robust to external disturbances. The design method is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. Finally, a helicopter LPV FCS model with the actuator fault is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于辨识模型的无人机鲁棒飞行控制方法

提出了一种基于系统辨识获取飞行动力学模型并进行鲁棒飞行控制律综合设计的方法。首先利用混合遗传粒子群优化算法,从真实试飞数据中辨识建立无人机动力学模型,然后基于随机鲁棒原理的设计方法和辨识模型,设计了无人机鲁棒飞行控制律。飞行试验验证表明,在无气动数据情况下所设计出的高性能鲁棒飞行控制律满足了无人机飞控研制的需求。

复杂结冰环境下飞机鲁棒飞行安全包线分析

结冰是威胁飞行安全的重要环境因素,研究复杂结冰环境下飞机的飞行安全包线对于飞行安全边界保护,确保飞机飞行安全具有重要意义。以RCAM为研究对象,利用时间尺度分离原则将飞机解耦成两个子系统,建立了考虑飞机横向运动的纵向运动模型和复杂结冰环境下鲁棒气动导数模型。基于可达集最优控制理论,以反向可达集作为飞机复杂结冰环境下的飞行安全包线,利用可达性分析研究结冰及横向滚转运动对飞行安全包线的影响,在此基础上,进一步分析考虑不同结冰程度下结冰位置、冰型及分布等不确定性结冰情况时飞机的鲁棒飞行安全包线。仿真结果表明,随着结冰程度增加,飞行安全包线不断收缩,当考虑结冰不确定性因素时,轻度结冰条件下的鲁棒飞行安全包线较重度结冰条件下收缩更为严重。因此,即使飞机只是遭遇轻度结冰,但当存在不确定性因素时,飞行风险仍然较大,飞行员应该保持警惕。研究结果可为飞机在复杂结冰环境下的边界保护提供支撑和参考。

H_∞ control of an overactuated tilt rotors quadcopter

In recent years,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have acquired an increasing interest due to their wide range of applications in military,scientific,and civilian fields.One of the quadcopter limitations is its lack of full actuation property which limits its mobility and trajectory tracking capabilities.In this work,an overactuated quadcopter design and control,which allows independent tilting of the rotors around their arm axis,is presented.Quadcopter with this added tilting mechanism makes it possible to overcome the aforementioned mobility limitation by achieving full authority on torque and force vectoring.The tilting property increases the control inputs to 8(the 4 propeller rotation speed plus the 4 rotor tilting angles)which gives a full control on the quadcopter states.Extensive mathematical model for the tilt rotor quadcopter is derived based on the Newton-Euler method.Furthermore,the feedback linearization method is used to linearize the model and a mixed sensitivity H∞optimal controller is then designed and synthesized to achieve the required performance and stability.The controlled system is simulated to assure the validity of the proposed controller and the quadcopter design.The controller is tested for its effectiveness in rejecting disturbances,attenuating sensor noise,and coping with the model uncertainties.Moreover,a complicated trajectory is examined in which the tilt rotor quadcopter has been successfully followed.The test results show the supremacy of the overactuated quadcopter over the traditional one.

Robust tracking control design for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle

A nonlinear robust controller was presented to improve the tracking control performance of a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle(AHV) which is subjected to system parametric uncertainties and unknown additive time-varying disturbances.The longitudinal dynamic model for the flexible AHV was used for the control development.High-gain observers were designed to compensate for the system uncertainties and additive disturbances.Small gain theorem and Lyapunov based stability analysis were utilized to prove the stability of the closed loop system.Locally uniformly ultimately bounded tracking of the vehicle's velocity,altitude and attack angle were achieved under aeroelastic effects,system parametric uncertainties and unknown additive disturbances.Matlab/Simulink simulation results were provided to validate the robustness of the proposed control design.The simulation results demonstrate that the tracking errors stay in a small region around zero.

A new robust fuzzy method for unmanned flying vehicle control

A new general robust fuzzy approach was presented to control the position and the attitude of unmanned flying vehicles(UFVs). Control of these vehicles was challenging due to their nonlinear underactuated behaviors. The proposed control system combined great advantages of generalized indirect adaptive sliding mode control(IASMC) and fuzzy control for the UFVs. An on-line adaptive tuning algorithm based on Lyapunov function and Barbalat lemma was designed, thus the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The chattering phenomenon in the sliding mode control was reduced and the steady error was also alleviated. The numerical results, for an underactuated quadcopter and a high speed underwater vehicle as case studies, indicate that the presented adaptive design of fuzzy sliding mode controller performs robustly in the presence of sensor noise and external disturbances. In addition, online unknown parameter estimation of the UFVs, such as ground effect and planing force especially in the cases with the Gaussian sensor noise with zero mean and standard deviation of 0.5 m and 0.1 rad and external disturbances with amplitude of 0.1 m/s2 and frequency of 0.2 Hz, is one of the advantages of this method. These estimated parameters are then used in the controller to improve the trajectory tracking performance.

Robust parametric approach for tracking control of an air-breathing hypersonic cruise vehicle

To realize the stabilization and the tracking of flight control for an air-breathing hypersonic cruise vehicle, the linearization of the longitudinal model under trimmed cruise condition is processed firstly. Furthermore, the flight control problem is formulated as a robust model tracking control problem. And then, based on the robust parametric approach, eigenstructure assignment and reference model tracking theory, a parametric optimization method for robust controller design is presented. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Flight control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles using linear quadratic regulator design based on stochastic robustness analysis

The flight dynamics model of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles （AHVs） is highly nonlinear and multivariable cou- pling, and includes inertial uncertainties and external disturbances that require strong, robust, and high-accuracy controllers. In this paper, we propose a linear-quadratic regulator （LQR） design method based on stochastic robustness analysis for the longitudinal dynamics of AHVs. First, input/output feedback linearization is used to design LQRs. Second, subject to various system parameter uncertainties, system robustness is characterized by the probability of stability and desired performance. Then, the mapping rela- tionship between system robustness and LQR parameters is established. Particularly, to maximize system robustness, a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to search for the optimal LQR parameters. During the search iteration, a Chernoff bound algorithm is applied to determine the finite sample size of Monte Carlo evaluation with the given prohabilily levels. Finally, simulation results show that the optimization algorithm can effectively find the optimal solution to the LQR parameters.

军事科学与兵器

Y99-61563-1122 0008913飞行控制(含6篇文章)=Flight control[会,英]//1998IEEE.American Control Conference.Vol 2.—1122～1149(NiG)本部分收录六篇论文,内容涉及具有输入和状态约束线性系统的恢复制导,多变量非线性非最小相位系统输出跟踪的分解方法,采用多项式匹配的鲁棒飞行控制,直升机系统的建模仿真、动画和实时控制,动态逆和线性参数变化无尾飞行控制律的比较,以及滑动模在飞行控制系统设计中的应用。