An experimental study on intensifying osmotic dehydration was carried out ina state of nature and with acoustic cavitation of different cavitating intensity (0.5A, 0.7A and0.9A) respectively, in which the material is ...An experimental study on intensifying osmotic dehydration was carried out ina state of nature and with acoustic cavitation of different cavitating intensity (0.5A, 0.7A and0.9A) respectively, in which the material is apple slice of 5mm thickness. The result showed thatacoustic cavitation remarkably enhanced the osmotic dehydration, and the water loss was acceleratedwith the increase of cavitating intensity. The water diffusivity coefficients ranged from1.8x10^(-10)m^2·s^(-1) at 0.5A to 2.6x10^(-10)m^2·s^(-1) at 0.9A, and solute diffusivitycoefficients ranged from 3.5x10^(-11) m^2·s^(-1) at 0.5A to 4.6X10^(-11)m^2·s^(-1) at 0.9A. On thebasis of experiments, a mathematical model was established about mass transfer during osmoticdehydration, and the numerical simulation was carried out. The calculated results agree well withexperimental data, and represent the rule of mass transfer during osmotic dehydration intensified byacoustic cavitation.展开更多
This paper examines the impact of climate change on China＇s grain production and food security. The research is one of the four studies on future conditions of China＇s food production system under the influence of c...This paper examines the impact of climate change on China＇s grain production and food security. The research is one of the four studies on future conditions of China＇s food production system under the influence of climate change using numerical simulation methods, carried out under a national 973 project entitled ＂impacts of climate change on food systems in China and its adaptation＂. The other three studies focus on changes in cultivated land area and food production, while this study incorporates their grain yield results into a general equilibrium model to simulate future conditions of the grain market. Our simulation analysis arrives at the impact of climate change by comparing such economic variables as grain production, consumption, and GDP growth rate between a baseline scenario and two climate change scenarios. Our results are summarized as follows： （1） In 2050, the total grain production will reach 689.683 million tons--584.264 million tons of total grain consumption and 42.808 million tons of exports. Without considering losses and inventory demand, in 2050 China＇s grain supply and demand will remain well balanced, with a slight surplus expected. （2） Climate change is expected to benefit China＇s macro economy and individual sectors. In comparison with the baseline scenario of no climate change, real wage, real GDP, investment, household consumption, exports, and other macroeconomic indicators will rise under the climate change scenarios. As far as the agricultural, manufacturing, and service sectors are concerned, production, consumption, imports, and exports will each be favorably affected by climate change. （3） The favorable impact of climate change on China＇s macroeconomy and individual sectors under the high emissions scenario （A2） is stronger than that under the low emissions scenario （B2）. （4） In the grain market, climate change is expected to increase supply, reduce imports, increase supply, and demand; and supply will increase more than demand does. All in all, if taking into the fertilization effect of CO2 account, climate change is expected to strengthen China＇s grain supply and safeguard food security.展开更多
This paper provides a model to identify the most appropriate packaging system （i.e. the industrial process by which the product is hygienically coupled with the container） for different liquid foods. The model devel...This paper provides a model to identify the most appropriate packaging system （i.e. the industrial process by which the product is hygienically coupled with the container） for different liquid foods. The model developed is grounded on the Analytic Network Process （ANP） methodology, a powerful and flexible tool used in decision making. To select the appropriate packaging system, the model takes into account several factors, including packaging material, cost, safety, performance （e.g., speed and accuracy）, plant reliability and flexibility, which may directly or indirectly affect the suitability of the process. Moreover, the chemical and physical properties of commercial liquid foods, and the packaging technology are included in the model as further variables to be considered for the final choice. We try to answer the following research questions： is a filling system appropriate for a given liquid food？ Is it compatible with a defined packaging technology？ When several filling systems are available for a given liquid food, how can the most appropriate one be selected？ The ease of application of the model and the robustness of the results provided have been tested on a sample of 59 commercial liquid foods, for which the model allowed to identify the most suitable packaging system, providing useful practical guidelines. The model was developed in close collaboration with a panel of experts, operating in the beverage bottling industry, and validated by the same experts; thus, the resulting tool is suitable for use as a decision support system by food and bottling industries.展开更多
The revised version of ISO 9001：2015 places a demand before many food producers to face the problem of updating the old or developing new food quality and safety management systems. In order to help the organizations...The revised version of ISO 9001：2015 places a demand before many food producers to face the problem of updating the old or developing new food quality and safety management systems. In order to help the organizations in this endeavor, this paper presents a model for planning and implementation of IMS （integrated management system） for quality and food safety, using the example of biscuit products manufacturing, and explains its conception. The integrative approach is based on the synergetic effect between the mutually related business processes. It has been established that the introduction of the model can help the biscuit producers in efficiently addressing such challenges as limited resources, increasing competition, as well as higher expectations of customers and other stakeholders.展开更多
文摘An experimental study on intensifying osmotic dehydration was carried out ina state of nature and with acoustic cavitation of different cavitating intensity (0.5A, 0.7A and0.9A) respectively, in which the material is apple slice of 5mm thickness. The result showed thatacoustic cavitation remarkably enhanced the osmotic dehydration, and the water loss was acceleratedwith the increase of cavitating intensity. The water diffusivity coefficients ranged from1.8x10^(-10)m^2·s^(-1) at 0.5A to 2.6x10^(-10)m^2·s^(-1) at 0.9A, and solute diffusivitycoefficients ranged from 3.5x10^(-11) m^2·s^(-1) at 0.5A to 4.6X10^(-11)m^2·s^(-1) at 0.9A. On thebasis of experiments, a mathematical model was established about mass transfer during osmoticdehydration, and the numerical simulation was carried out. The calculated results agree well withexperimental data, and represent the rule of mass transfer during osmotic dehydration intensified byacoustic cavitation.
文摘This paper examines the impact of climate change on China＇s grain production and food security. The research is one of the four studies on future conditions of China＇s food production system under the influence of climate change using numerical simulation methods, carried out under a national 973 project entitled ＂impacts of climate change on food systems in China and its adaptation＂. The other three studies focus on changes in cultivated land area and food production, while this study incorporates their grain yield results into a general equilibrium model to simulate future conditions of the grain market. Our simulation analysis arrives at the impact of climate change by comparing such economic variables as grain production, consumption, and GDP growth rate between a baseline scenario and two climate change scenarios. Our results are summarized as follows： （1） In 2050, the total grain production will reach 689.683 million tons--584.264 million tons of total grain consumption and 42.808 million tons of exports. Without considering losses and inventory demand, in 2050 China＇s grain supply and demand will remain well balanced, with a slight surplus expected. （2） Climate change is expected to benefit China＇s macro economy and individual sectors. In comparison with the baseline scenario of no climate change, real wage, real GDP, investment, household consumption, exports, and other macroeconomic indicators will rise under the climate change scenarios. As far as the agricultural, manufacturing, and service sectors are concerned, production, consumption, imports, and exports will each be favorably affected by climate change. （3） The favorable impact of climate change on China＇s macroeconomy and individual sectors under the high emissions scenario （A2） is stronger than that under the low emissions scenario （B2）. （4） In the grain market, climate change is expected to increase supply, reduce imports, increase supply, and demand; and supply will increase more than demand does. All in all, if taking into the fertilization effect of CO2 account, climate change is expected to strengthen China＇s grain supply and safeguard food security.
文摘This paper provides a model to identify the most appropriate packaging system （i.e. the industrial process by which the product is hygienically coupled with the container） for different liquid foods. The model developed is grounded on the Analytic Network Process （ANP） methodology, a powerful and flexible tool used in decision making. To select the appropriate packaging system, the model takes into account several factors, including packaging material, cost, safety, performance （e.g., speed and accuracy）, plant reliability and flexibility, which may directly or indirectly affect the suitability of the process. Moreover, the chemical and physical properties of commercial liquid foods, and the packaging technology are included in the model as further variables to be considered for the final choice. We try to answer the following research questions： is a filling system appropriate for a given liquid food？ Is it compatible with a defined packaging technology？ When several filling systems are available for a given liquid food, how can the most appropriate one be selected？ The ease of application of the model and the robustness of the results provided have been tested on a sample of 59 commercial liquid foods, for which the model allowed to identify the most suitable packaging system, providing useful practical guidelines. The model was developed in close collaboration with a panel of experts, operating in the beverage bottling industry, and validated by the same experts; thus, the resulting tool is suitable for use as a decision support system by food and bottling industries.
文摘The revised version of ISO 9001：2015 places a demand before many food producers to face the problem of updating the old or developing new food quality and safety management systems. In order to help the organizations in this endeavor, this paper presents a model for planning and implementation of IMS （integrated management system） for quality and food safety, using the example of biscuit products manufacturing, and explains its conception. The integrative approach is based on the synergetic effect between the mutually related business processes. It has been established that the introduction of the model can help the biscuit producers in efficiently addressing such challenges as limited resources, increasing competition, as well as higher expectations of customers and other stakeholders.
