青少年“食商”教育对健康人生的重要价值

青少年时期是人生中营养摄入的关键时期,快速的生长发育和较强的体力、智力活动对相关营养的需求极大,而合理营养摄入必须以良好的饮食行为为前提,且“食商”高低直接影响青少年健康饮食习惯的形成。该文在文献分析基础上阐释“食商”内涵,分析“食商”教育在青少年健康成长中的重要性,探讨青少年低“食商”的社会、家庭、自身及其他原因,通过系列分析提出从政策制定、家庭培养、学校教育及相关研究等途径加强青少年“食商”培养。以期从饮食视角减少慢性疾病发生,为我国青少年健康成长,构筑好防控一体化体系。

高校食育推进的价值意蕴、体系架构与实践路径

面对当前党和国家对校园食育工作的高度重视,高校应积极响应号召,努力予以推进,从“食物”的角度对大学生在知识、情感与文化三个层面加强人格教育。在食育体系上,高校应以培养大学生树立“健康+环保”的双绿生活理念为核心教学目标,以提高“食商”引领下的食知、食趣、食操、食礼四维素养为综合教学内容。在食育路径上,高校应坚持“思政课程”与“课程思政”相结合、“显性课程”与“隐性课程”相结合、“情感教育”与“实践教学”相结合的三重推进路径。

《明史》商屯臆想补论

《明史·食货志》将明前期开中法等同于商屯的主张,影响深远,但究其根据,实是未做任何直接论证的臆想。洪永年间,开中法在九边未曾持续稳定展开,且禁止收购本地粮食用于开中,盐业资源亦未尝全部用于九边开中,商屯土地产权也无保障。尽管宣德正统以后开中全面展开,但九边军事—经济社会名义上国有,实际上边将和权贵私自占有。在盐粮开中的刺激下,无法为外来客商发展商屯提供必要条件,反而为边将和权贵私役军士开垦土地提供了强大激励。

行为医学与行为革命

提出了用行为医学、环境医学和社会医学应对慢性病的挑战。指出在中国普及和提高群众的行为医学知识时,应根据国情完善组织行为,以应对行为和社会因素是死亡主要危险的挑战。针对国民科教素质低、未富先老、心理震荡和防治分家的国情,须开展行为革命,以免死于"无知"。应从转变观念入手,普及健康观、健康价值观,实现社会发展以人为本,人的发展以健康为本,贯彻科学发展观。面对慢性病和新旧传染病的挑战,提出了立法跟上、教育先行、用行政手段研究和发展行为科学知识和经验等应对措施。强调发挥传媒在行为革命中的作用,使健康习惯成为社会风尚。

Physiological characteristics and commercial application of edible mushroom dietary fiber

Edible mushrooms are considered as healthy food because they are low in calories and fat but rich in proteins minerals and dietary fiber(DF). Edible mushrooms are recognized as new potential resource of DF since the components of edible mushroom dietary fiber(EMDF) have shown special physiological and pharmacological effects on human and animals. In this article,the soluble and insoluble fractions of DF in different edible mushroom species have been evaluated. Biological effects of EMDF are related to promoting desired responses,for example,reducing blood cholesterol,protecting cells from free radicals attack by antioxidative effects,attenuating levels and fluctuations of blood glucose and selectively supporting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. The EMDF plays an important role in reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus and intestinal diseases. The non-starch polysaccharides(NSP),a kind of EMDF,is the best known and most potent mushroom-derived substances with antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. EMDF has also been reported to take part in the control of body weight,lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity due to its effect on specific chemical structures and physical properties. Many pharmaceutical substances with potent and unique health- enhancing properties were isolated recently from edible mushrooms and distributed worldwide. Mushroom-based dietary supplements(DSs) with potential therapeutic effects are produced from the mycelia or the fruiting bodies of mushrooms,and are consumed in the forms of capsules,tablets,or extracts. The EMDF, based on its special physiological functions on human health,shows a wide range of potential application prospects.

Influence of Societal Values on the Outdoor Advertising of Staple Commodities in Lagos State, Nigeria

Societal values are polysemous and its dimensions are imported into advertising to give it rich content. The polysemous character makes it sensitive and complex phenomena. For instance, value that is acceptable in the western part of Nigeria may be unacceptable in the north or east. This clearly implies that value, although may be of the people, is relative and subjective. This study made use of survey research design with a single research question set to guide it. Data were collected from 362 respondents who were purposively selected in the study area （Lagos State, Nigeria） as sample size. Data gathering were done on the field with the aid of questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Specifically, a Table of frequency and percentage distribution was employed and scoring of variables was done vis-h-vis the responses of the consumers of staple commodities to look at the extent to which societal values have influenced product advertisements in the State. The Mean and standard deviation was calculated. The result of the study presented in Table 1 shows that all the societal values scoped for this study （culture, moral, religion, taste, language and color） influence consumers in one way or the other but the portrayal of religious design concept to influence consumers to patronize staple commodities ranked best of all. The study observed that of all the societal values traceable to advertising campaign in Lagos State, religion-inclined advertising designs are gaining a rising number of influences. It therefore concludes that religious and cultural designs, when appropriately applied help outdoor advertising to thrive well in Lagos State.

Homemade versus Commercial Jarred Baby Foods with Regard to Nitrites and Nitrates Content

This paper presents results of nitrites and nitrates determination in two types of baby foods： commercial products in jars and their homemade conventional counterparts. Nitrites levels in all analyzed samples were below of the detection limit （〈 0.9 mg/kg） of applied spectrophotometric method with Griess reagent. Nitrates contents in commercial products ranged： 9.1-38.1 mg/kg while in homemade baby foods levels between 26.6 mg/kg and 118.8 mg/kg were obtained. All the contents of nitrates were lower than the EU legislation maximum limit （200 mg/kg）. Comparison of each type of commercial product with its homemade counterpart baby food evidenced significant differences （p 〈 0.05） in average nitrates levels in favor of the first type. Apart from determining and comparing the levels of nitrates in the baby food samples also risk assessment for an average 6-months old infant to nitrates exposure was conducted. The estimated nitrates intake with a typical portion of 200g of baby food ranged between 6% and 25.7% of acceptable daily intake for commercial and from 18.0% to 80.3% for homemade ones.

Discussion on the Expression of emotional appeal of consumer in Food Packaging Design

As the rapid development of modem society and the commodity economy, goods of each enterprise must through the competition to sales of commodities in the market have a foothold. Now the product packaging design requires not only simple packaging. but need to highlight the design sense, using a different visual language to convey product information to consumers, will also promise to consumers is conveyed. To the consumer＇s emotional experience as the main design starting point, only the value of the product itself into the purchase value of consumers, so as to reflect the role and value of the design. Now we are facing the problem is how to promote the sale of products through the design of product packaging, so that consumers have a strong desire to buy.

Goat Marketing Systems and Channels in Selected Markets of Lilongwe District in Malawi

A household survey was carried out in Central Malawi to evaluate the goat marketing structure and systems in the rural areas using Nsundwe and Nkhoma areas in Lilongwe District as a case study. The analysis focused on identifying marketing systems of goats in Malawi by investigating the role of goats in an average Malawian rural household and how the current goat marketing systems affects that role. Goats play important role in Malawian rural households by way of providing food, income and as a capital reserve to be used in times critical times of food scarcity. The findings indicate that there is potential for goats to generate more income for the rural farmers, which can in turn help to improve household food security. The marketing system however apparently does not favour the farmers. The farmers seem not to know goat prices beyond the rural markets and hence have inadequate negotiating power to sell at optimum prices. Middlemen bought from farmers and finally sold the goats to urban consumers and retail shops. From the analysis, middlemen seemed to control the goat marketing system. Urban butchers sold the goats at 58% more than the value of farmers while retail shops sold at 137% more than the value of farmers. The differences reflect value-adding activities done at butchers and retail shops levels as well as transportation costs and profit margins. Though farmers may not engage in value adding, the finding implies that they would fetch more money if they supplied directly to the retail shops than to the middlemen. With access to more market information, they could also increase their bargaining power information with middlemen and sell the goats at relatively higher prices than the current. This paper details the results of the study.

（R）evolution in the Food Market-Impact of Retail Internationalization in Transition Countries

The food retail business has undergone a number of structural changes due to increasingly globalized markets and internationalization. Former nationally oriented retailers have suddenly become global. This process also affects new structures in agribusiness, most notably as general retailers export their business models. A comparison of the development and the impact of globalization in the retail sectors of different transition countries reveals varied opportunities for and threats to the participants in agribusiness.

An Overview of Turkish Pistachio Sector

Originating from the genus Pistacia, the only edible species, Pistacia vera, covers at least 10 different sub-species and has a commercial value in the nut industry as a snack food. Pistachio kernels arc very popular ingredients used in meat products and in the confectionary industry as a part of various pastry products. Historically, Iran has the advantage in supply side and leads the world in pistachio trade. Turkey comes in the third place in terms of production and provides over 70 thousand metric tons of pistachios in 2007, capturing 14 percent production share world wide. As being one of the major habitats of pistachios, Turkey has potential to develop new variaties and increase the productivity, thereby to take advantage of higher profits that may arise from foreign trade in pistachios. Even though pistachio production in Turkey has increased in the last 20 years, this opportunity is yet to be discovered since yield and quality factors are still at low levels, resulting in dramatic losses in foreign market shares. Possible remedies for this problem include irrigation made available to pistachio orchards, adopting new caltivars more tolerant to diseases, preventing the illegal entrance of Iranian pistachios, facilitating the unification of pistachio producers, provoking the consumption of fresh pistachios, and expanding the business into new international markets.

Bio-control of Some Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria by Bacteriophage

In recent years, researchers tended to bring new alternative to biological protective systems used in conservation of food and production of safe food. Use of bacteriophage against to pathogen bacteria in food was the most hopeful system in these methods about bio-control. Controls of bacteriophage for each pathogen species and subspecies and determination of phage-host originality are important because efficient bio-control was achieved. Researches concentrated on some food-borne pathogen bacteria such as E. coli O157：H7, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Listeria. In a consequence of these studies made as in vitro and in vivo, first commercial production of phage which will be used in foods was made in Netherlands. Also, it has been informed that use of phage is cost-efficient alternative as compared with other preservatives. This review, discussed application of bacteriophages as bio-control agents in food and advantages and disadvantages about uses of bacteriophages by taking into account antimicrobial characteristics of them.