一起亚硝酸盐引起食物中毒的调查报告

一起亚硝酸盐引起食物中毒的调查报告１９９３年２月３日，萧县龙城镇龙湖路农贸市场早点部因误将亚硝酸盐当作＂食用盐＂，发生一起亚硝酸盐食物中霉，进食者７７人，发病７７人，经抢救治疗，未发生死亡病例。１发病经过１９９３年２月３日清晨，早点部制作汤使用２月１...

壳聚糖对五种食物中毒菌生长的影响

本文报道了在pH5.5和pH6.5条件下,不同浓度的壳聚糖对五种主要的食物中毒菌:大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、李斯特单核细胞增生菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌生长的影响。结果表明:在这两种pH条件下,壳聚糖对五种细菌有不同程度的抑制作用,而且在pH5.5比在pH6.5的条件下抑制作用更强。

南宁市3年内儿童食物中毒现况调查

[目的]探讨儿童食物中毒事件的发生、存在规律及中毒种类、特征,为今后儿童食物中毒的预防和处理提供科学依据。[方法]对南宁市2002年～2004年所发生的儿童食物中毒资料进行了统计、分析对比。[结果]3年内儿童食物中毒报告63起:城镇占44.44%,乡村占55.56%;发生地点:集体食堂占23.81%,公共饮食摊点占14.29%,家庭占61.90%;中毒原因:微生物性、化学性原因各占44.44%,不明原因者占11.12%;季节分布:第一季度占17.46%,第二季度占33.33%,第三季度占35.38%,第四季度占12.30%。[结论]儿童食物中毒多因农、鼠药污染,食品加工不当及误食有毒有害物质等原因造成,应重视和加强食品卫生安全工作,从而保障青少年身心的健康成长。

蜡样芽孢杆菌性食物中毒2例

蜡样芽孢杆菌是食物中毒的常见细菌,但与其他细菌混合中毒引起多脏器损害及死亡的案例在法医工作中不甚常见,现报道2例.1 案例资料案例1 1998年9月8日晨,郭某一家3人(郭某,男,37岁;于某,女,35岁;儿子郭某某,男,12岁)进食置于室温下3余天,再置放于冰箱中2天的冷饭。

改进型食物中能量演示仪的设计与制作

选用食用植物油作为温度指示物,采用废旧易拉罐制作倒锥形的导热腔,借此设计并制作一款改进型的食物中能量演示仪,具有设计巧妙、制作简单、演示效果明显、可供课堂教学使用等多个优点.该演示仪不仅能够定性演示实验现象,更能准确测量实验数据,从而帮助学生轻松理解有关生物学概念.

八月灾情

强风暴袭击悉尼强大的风暴31日横扫澳大利亚悉尼市,造成1万多栋房屋被破坏,5万多家居民断电.据估计这次风暴造成的损失在一千万澳元左右.俄一客机在挪威北部坠毁俄罗斯航空公司一架图—154客机8月29日在挪威斯匹次卑尔根群岛失事,机上129名乘客和12名机组人员全部遇难.

Research on the Species Diversity of Flower-visiting Syrphidae in the Farmland of Hanzhong Area

[Objective] The aim was to explore the species diversity of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the farmland of Hanzhong area.[Method] Based on the sample collection and the sorting and identification of collected specimens and literature,the species and their seasonal changes of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the agroecosystem of Hanzhong area were systematically analyzed.[Result] 5 015 specimens of Syrphidae were cheaked in this study,and 141 species of 53 genera of 16 families in three subfamilies of flower-visiting species of Syrphidae were identified in farmland of Hanzhong area,in which 65 species were Syrphinae;72 species were Milesiinae;while four species were Microdontinae.The species of Syrphidae in this region were active in April,May,June and July.There were two dominant species in this region,including Episyrphus balteatus and Eristalis tenax.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the studies on the flower-visiting habit and fecundation of insects of Syrphidae in this area.

Isolation of Endophyte and Screening for Antagonistic Bacteria in Solanaceae

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to isolate the endophyte of three solanaceae fruits and vegetables such as tomato, pepper and eggplant, to screen and identify the bacterial wilt antagonistic bacteria. [ Methodl According to the lapping liquid culture method, the endophyte of three plants was isolated by the selective medium and purified by the plate streaking method, so the purified enclophyte was screened by the hyphal pieces confront culture method. Furthermore, the screened antagonistic and endophyteic bacteria was identified and classified through culture characteristics of isolates and morphological features of thallus, Gram stain as well as physiological and biochemical reactions. [ Result] Fifty-three endophytic bacteria, fifty-three endophytic fungi and forty-four endophytic actinomycetes were separated from the endophyte of three plants. The screened fourteen endophytic bacteria with strong antagonistic effect on the bacterial wilt were classified to Bacillus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Agromonas, Erwinia and Curto Bacterium respectively. Especially, Bacillus was the dominant species, which had the strongest antagonistic effect on the bacterial wilt. [ Conclusion] This study provides an effective way for biological control of the bacterial wilt in solanaceae.

Establishment of BALB/c Mice Model for Food Allergy to Chinese Lobsters

[Objective] This study aimed to establish Balb/c mice model for food allergy caused by Chinese lobsters through using intraperitoneal injection for sensitization and explore methods for in vitro identification and evaluation of food allergy caused by Chinese lobsters. [Method] The 40 male Bal/c mice were divided into ovalbumin（OVA） positive control group, Coca＇s solution negative control group, blank control group and model group. Balb/c mice model was established by intraperitoneally injection of immunized Balb/c mice with OVA or Chinese lobster crude protein with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. IgE and histamine levels in serum after the second challenge were determined by ELISA method, and the specific IgE antibody titer was determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test（PCA）; additionally, spleen index and histological changes in the small intestine, as well as food allergy symptoms after challenge were also calculated or observed. [Results] After the last challenge, IgE content was（236.75 ±73.39） μg/L in the Chinese lobster crude protein group, revealing no difference with that in the OVA group, but significantly higher than that in either the Coca＇s solution group or the blank control group（P 0.01）;histamine content in serum in the Chinese lobster crude protein group was（406.55±232.79）, significantly higher than that in the blank control group（P0.01）. In the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test, IgE antibody titer reached 1/16 after the last challenge in the Chinese lobster crude protein group. Spleen index in both Chinese lobster crude protein group and OVA group was significantly greater than that in either the Coca＇s solution group or the blank control group（P0.01）. What＇s more, infiltration of inflammatory cells like lymphocytes and eosnophils at the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa was also observed both Chinese lobster crude protein group and OVA group. [Conclusion] This study established Balb/c mice model for food allergy caused by Chinese lobsters; serum IgE and ELISA assay and specific IgE antibody titer in PCA test can be used for the in vitro identification and evaluation of food allergies caused by Chinese lobsters.

吃水果也有禁忌

对于多数人来说,水果是一种不能拒绝的"诱惑"。但在享受美味的时候,也有一些注意事项,只有吃对水果才能获得健康保证。首先,易腹泻的人应该少吃带籽的水果。水果有助提高肠道内食物的通过速度,特别是那些有细小籽的水果,比如猕猴桃、火龙果、桑葚、柿子、草莓、香蕉(现在很多香蕉品种的籽是退化的)、鲜枸杞、甜瓜、西瓜、葡萄之类。这些水果籽大多是纤维类,不能被肠道消化吸收,它们会刺激肠道蠕动,促进肠道内容物更快地排出体外。因膳食纤维不足而便秘的人,

吉林白城强化学校周边食品安全监督巡查

为贯彻落实省局2014年餐饮服务食品安全重点工作,进一步加强学校食堂(含托幼机构)及校园周边餐饮单位食品安全监管,切实保障广大师生饮食安全,吉林省白城市食品药品监督管理局以9月至10月为重点时段,开展秋季学校食堂及校园周边餐饮单位食品安全专项整治工作。一是集中开展整治执法行动。全市按照六个区域,以校园周边200米范围为重点区域,开展餐饮单位主体资格大检查。对校园周边餐饮单位逐户进行执法检查,摸清底数;

Food allergy in gastroenterologic diseases:Review of literature

Food allergy is a common and increasing problem worldwide. The newly-found knowledge might provide novel experimental strategies, especially for laboratory diagnosis. Approximately 20% of the population alters their diet for a perceived adverse reaction to food, but the application of double-blind placebo-controlled oral food challenge, the ＂gold standard＂ for diagnosis of food allergy, shows that questionnaire-based studies overestimate the prevalence of food allergies. The clinical disorders determined by adverse reactions to food can be dassified on the basis of immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms and the organ system or systems affected. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on clinical history, skin prick tests, and laboratory tests to detect serum-food specific IgE, elimination diets and challenges. The primary therapy for food allergy is to avoid the responsible food. Antihistamines might partially relieve oral allergy syndrome and IgE-mediated skin symptoms, but they do not block systemic reactions. Systemic corticosteroids are generally effective in treating chronic IgE-mediated disorders. Epinephrine is the mainstay of treatment for anaphylaxis. Experimental therapies for IgE-mediated food allergy have been evaluated, such as humanized IgG anti-IgE antibodies and allergen specific immunotherapy.

Preparation of immunomagnetic iron-dextran nanopartides and application in rapid isolation of E.coli O157:H7 from foods

AIM: To prepare a kind of magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides that was coated with anti-E.coli O157:H7 IgG, analyze its application conditions, and try to use it to isolate E.coli O157:H7 from foods. METHODS: Magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides were prepared by the reaction of a mixture of ferric and ferrous ions with dextran polymers under alkaline conditions. The particles were coated with antiserum against E.coli O157: H7 by the periodate oxidation-borohydride reduction procedure. The oxidation time, amount of antibody coating the particles, amount of nanoparticles, incubation time and isolation time were varied to determine their effects on recovery of the organisms. Finally, the optimum conditions for isolating E.coli O157:H7 from food samples were established. RESULTS: E.coli O157:H7 can be isolated from samples within 15 min with the sensitivity of 101 CFU/mL or even less. In the presence of 108 CFU/mL of other organisms, the sensitivity is 101-102 CFU/mL. Nonspecific binding of other bacteria to the particles was not observed. Two and a half hours of enrichment is enough for the particles to detect the target from the food samples inoculated with 1 CFU/g. CONCLUSION: Isolation of target bacteria by immuno magnetic nanoparticles is an efficient method with high sensitivity and specificity. The technique is so simple that it can be operated in lab and field even by untrained personnel.

内蒙古宁城两种保存胃中食物的侏罗纪有尾类

奇异热河螈和天义初螈是产自内蒙古宁城县道虎沟化石层的侏罗纪有尾类,标本数量均数以百计且多保存为较完整的骨架.本文报道了11件保存胃中食物的有尾类标本,其中2件为奇异热河螈,腹中保存有大量叶肢介壳体;9件为天义初螈标本,腹中保存不同数目的划蝽.在已命名中生代有尾类属种中发现胃中食物,为恢复侏罗纪湖相动物群的生态面貌提供了直接的证据.这些新的化石证据还表明侏罗纪有尾类已对食物的大小和类型有显著的选择性:幼年热河螈仅捕食2mm左右的幼年叶肢介,而幼年初螈仅捕食5～6mm的成年燕辽划蝽.这一发现也支持了与其上下颌及舌器结构差异相适应的有尾类生态学特性,即侏罗纪有尾类已具有食性分异并可能占据不同的小生境.

Activating lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse

A device to activate lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse is presented. It comprises an impulse current generator constituted by a high voltage transformer, a high voltage silicon rectifier, a current-limiting resistor, a capacitor bank and an air-break switch, and a lignite and sludge appliance made up of two plane electrodes and a working chamber. The installation activates the lignite or sludge delivered to the working chamber by the impulse current that is from the generator to puncture the main gap in the working chamber, raise the temperature therein up to (20 000 to 40 000) K and the energy density to as high as 109 Jm-3, and form a plasma piston. The alternative development and attenuation of plasma expansion makes the lignite in a number of physical and chemical processes resulting in diverse active radicals and ions, and also breaks it into grains mostly smaller than 250 mm. It is founded by experimental study that the technology can raise the content of nitro-nitrogen by 1.4 to 1.5 times and that of dissoluble organic substances by 5 to 10 times which is probably attributed to the decomposition of the ample germs in the lignite. The calculated power requirement to activate lignite is about (50 to 60) kWht-1. In comparison with muck applied to cucumber cultivation, the activated lignite demonstrates its features as an effective and economical green fertilizer by the same yield with half amount. These findings imply a promising access to green fertilizer.

Effect of Sinai San decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

AIM: To explore the effect of Sinai san decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet in rats.METHODS: Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly: control group (n = 9),model group (n = 9) and treatment group (n = 9). The rats of model group and treatment group were given small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet, andthose of control group were given normal diet. After four weeks of fat-rich diet feeding, the rats of treatment group were given Sinai san decoction. The serum levels of aminotransferase and lipid were measured, and the pathology of livers was observed by HE staining after the rats were sacrificed at eight weeks.RESULTS: The rats' livers presented the pathology of steatosis and inflammation with higher serum levels of ALT and AST in the model group. In the treatment group the serum ALT and AST levels decreased significantly and were close to the control group. The hepatic inflammation scores also decreased markedly, but were still higher than those of control group. And the degree of hepatocyte steatosis was similar to that of model group.CONCLUSION: Sinai san decoction may ameliorate the hepatic inflammation of rats with steatohepatitis induced by small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet,but does not prevent the development of hepatocyte steatosis.

Diversity of Stored Grain Insect Pests in the Logone Valley, from Northern Cameroon to Western Chad Republic in Central Africa

Insects are major pests of stored grains. In sub Sahara Africa, stored grain insect pests are mainly Coleoptera or Lepidoptera. In the Logone Valley, area covering the Far North Region of Cameroon and South-West of Chad, to our knowledge, the diversity of insect pests noxious to stored products is not established. These beetles and weevils （Insecta：Coleoptera） during their development depreciate food in storage, were able to destroy a whole stock in a very short period of time if no protection of stored food is made. To achieve the diversity of insect pests, inspections of granaries were done in 209 villages of Logone Valley where insect pests were collected and identified. Secondly, the stored grains were sampled in peasant＇s granaries of Logone Valley and reared in incubators in the Unit of Entomological Research of the University of Ngaound6r6. After their emergence, insects were removed, collected and identified. Their noxious efficiency on stored grains is done by the calculation of the density of each insect pests per gram of grains. This study indicates that 12 species of harmful insects attack cereals and leguminous grains in the Logone Valley during storage. The Bruchids were the main insect pests of legumes. Callosobruchus maculatus was the main pest of legume and attacking mainly cowpeas （34.92 bruchids/g of seed） and peanuts （20.75 bruchids/g of seed）. Seven harmful species destroy the cereals. Sitophilus zeamais is the main pest of maize （15.86 weevils/g of maize） and S. oryzae, for sorghum （36.59 weevils/g of maize）. Tribolium castaneum were the main secondary pest. T. castaneum infests both cereals and leguminous. This work summarizes the importance and the diversification of stored grain pests in Logone Valley. Knowing the pest diversity is an important step in the strategy to develop a friendly and ecological control method of these harmful insects.

An Anthropology of Historic Foods in Japan, China and Korea

This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three countries （Japan, China, and Korea）, in relation to national culinary identity.

Food web structure and trophic levels in polyculture ricecrab fields

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to investigate nutrient pathways and trophic relationships from the rice-crab system in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China. Values of 313C ranged from -27.38%±0.44%o to -18.34%±0.26%o and δ^15N ranged from 1.10%o4-0.88%o to 9.33%±0.57%. Pseudorasbora parva （Stone moroko） had the highest δ^13C and 8tSN values. The lowest δ^13C values were obtained for the macrophytes and the lowest δ^15N value was found in sediments. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to determine the contribution of different food items to the diets of crabs. The δ^13C results indicated that the Pseudorasbora parva made the greatest contribution to the diet of Eriocheir sinensis （Chinese mitten crab）, while the δ^15N results indicated that most food items contributed more than 10% to the diet of the crab. There were three trophic levels identified in the system （Levels 0-2）. The crab Eriocheir sinensis, fish Pseudorasbora parva and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus （Oriental weatherfish）, and the oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri （Limnodrilus worm）, were at the second level, zooplankton were at the first level and suspended particulate matter and macrophytes were at trophic position 0.