Approximately one quarter of the global edible food supply is wasted. The drivers of food waste can occur at any level between production, harvest, distribution, processing, and the consumer. While the drivers vary gl...Approximately one quarter of the global edible food supply is wasted. The drivers of food waste can occur at any level between production, harvest, distribution, processing, and the consumer. While the drivers vary globally, the industrialized regions of North America, Europe, and Asia share similar situations; in each of these regions the largest loss of food waste occurs with the consumer, at approximately 51% of total waste generated. As a consequence, handling waste falls on municipal solid waste operations. In the United States, food waste constitutes 15% of the solid waste stream by weight, contributes 3.4 -107 t of carbon dioxide （CO2） equivalent emissions, and costs 1.9 billion USD in disposal fees. The levels of carbon, nutrients, and moisture in food waste make bioprocessing into higher value products an attractive method for mitigation. Opportunities include extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds, or conversion to a variety of volatile acids-including lactic, acetic, and propionic acids-that can be recovered and sold at a profit. The conversion of waste into volatile acids can be paired with bioen- ergy production, including hydrogen or biogas. This present review compares the potential for upgrading industrial food waste to either specialty products or methane. Higher value uses of industrial food waste could alleviate approximately 1.9-108 t of CO2 equivalent emissions. As an example, potato peel could be upgraded to lactic acid via fermentation to recover 5600 million USD per year, or could be converted to methane via anaerobic digestion, resulting in a revenue of 900 million USD per year. The potential value to be recovered is significant, and food-waste valorization will help to close the loop for various food industries.展开更多
Human has different stages in their life as from babyhood to adult. The healthy and balanced diet preferences of people play an important role in each human life parts. Especially milk and dairy products are necessary...Human has different stages in their life as from babyhood to adult. The healthy and balanced diet preferences of people play an important role in each human life parts. Especially milk and dairy products are necessary for human health because of their nutrition value and body functions. One of the parts of people life is university life. Starting university is a turning point in terms of eating habits, since food choices responsibility of university students increases in this period. According to the researches, increasing availability of fast foods, changes in living arrangements, life experiences, expectations, preferences and beliefs related with food selections are most common reasons regarding dietary choices in this young adults group. University students had drinking milk habits in primary school but most of them lose their habits during university life. The students＇ first preferences were cheese and then yogurt and finally milk. A very little part of university students consume milk and dairy products regularly. The consumption habits and milk and dairy product catering of university students were examined. The consumption preferences of milk and dairy products of the students in different Universities are reviewed in this review.展开更多
Poverty, inadequate dietary intake, and diseases are the major causes of malnutrition in Nigeria. Averagely, Nigerians consume about 5.5 g of animal protein per day which is low compared to the minimum of 30 g per per...Poverty, inadequate dietary intake, and diseases are the major causes of malnutrition in Nigeria. Averagely, Nigerians consume about 5.5 g of animal protein per day which is low compared to the minimum of 30 g per person per day as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization. The concept of household food security ensures that adequate food can be obtained, either through home production or purchases. Snail production is one of the means through which these ills could be eliminated. Protein deficiency that is endemic in developing nations can be reduced through the domestication of micro-livestock like snail which is rich in protein and iron. Sixty Achatina achatina hatchlings were used in a 90 days feeding trial. The hatchlings were assigned to four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates each. Maggot meal was incorporated at the levels of 0.6, 1.4, and 2 kg per 100 kg of feed in treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Treatment 1 had no maggot meal and served as the control. Results showed that snail weight, shell length and shell width increased with increase in the levels of maggot meal. Hatchlings on T3 and T4 had statistically similar values （P 〉 0.01） which were significantly （P 〈 0.01） higher than values obtained for hatchlings on T1 and T2 .Weight gain and feed conversion values of hatchlings on T3 and T4 were also significantly higher than values observed for hatchlings on T1 and T2. Therefore, maggot meal could effectively replace fishmeal in the diet of African giant snail hatchlings.展开更多
基金supported by Hatch Fund (IND010677)the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering at Purdue University
文摘Approximately one quarter of the global edible food supply is wasted. The drivers of food waste can occur at any level between production, harvest, distribution, processing, and the consumer. While the drivers vary globally, the industrialized regions of North America, Europe, and Asia share similar situations; in each of these regions the largest loss of food waste occurs with the consumer, at approximately 51% of total waste generated. As a consequence, handling waste falls on municipal solid waste operations. In the United States, food waste constitutes 15% of the solid waste stream by weight, contributes 3.4 -107 t of carbon dioxide （CO2） equivalent emissions, and costs 1.9 billion USD in disposal fees. The levels of carbon, nutrients, and moisture in food waste make bioprocessing into higher value products an attractive method for mitigation. Opportunities include extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds, or conversion to a variety of volatile acids-including lactic, acetic, and propionic acids-that can be recovered and sold at a profit. The conversion of waste into volatile acids can be paired with bioen- ergy production, including hydrogen or biogas. This present review compares the potential for upgrading industrial food waste to either specialty products or methane. Higher value uses of industrial food waste could alleviate approximately 1.9-108 t of CO2 equivalent emissions. As an example, potato peel could be upgraded to lactic acid via fermentation to recover 5600 million USD per year, or could be converted to methane via anaerobic digestion, resulting in a revenue of 900 million USD per year. The potential value to be recovered is significant, and food-waste valorization will help to close the loop for various food industries.
文摘Human has different stages in their life as from babyhood to adult. The healthy and balanced diet preferences of people play an important role in each human life parts. Especially milk and dairy products are necessary for human health because of their nutrition value and body functions. One of the parts of people life is university life. Starting university is a turning point in terms of eating habits, since food choices responsibility of university students increases in this period. According to the researches, increasing availability of fast foods, changes in living arrangements, life experiences, expectations, preferences and beliefs related with food selections are most common reasons regarding dietary choices in this young adults group. University students had drinking milk habits in primary school but most of them lose their habits during university life. The students＇ first preferences were cheese and then yogurt and finally milk. A very little part of university students consume milk and dairy products regularly. The consumption habits and milk and dairy product catering of university students were examined. The consumption preferences of milk and dairy products of the students in different Universities are reviewed in this review.
文摘Poverty, inadequate dietary intake, and diseases are the major causes of malnutrition in Nigeria. Averagely, Nigerians consume about 5.5 g of animal protein per day which is low compared to the minimum of 30 g per person per day as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization. The concept of household food security ensures that adequate food can be obtained, either through home production or purchases. Snail production is one of the means through which these ills could be eliminated. Protein deficiency that is endemic in developing nations can be reduced through the domestication of micro-livestock like snail which is rich in protein and iron. Sixty Achatina achatina hatchlings were used in a 90 days feeding trial. The hatchlings were assigned to four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates each. Maggot meal was incorporated at the levels of 0.6, 1.4, and 2 kg per 100 kg of feed in treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Treatment 1 had no maggot meal and served as the control. Results showed that snail weight, shell length and shell width increased with increase in the levels of maggot meal. Hatchlings on T3 and T4 had statistically similar values （P 〉 0.01） which were significantly （P 〈 0.01） higher than values obtained for hatchlings on T1 and T2 .Weight gain and feed conversion values of hatchlings on T3 and T4 were also significantly higher than values observed for hatchlings on T1 and T2. Therefore, maggot meal could effectively replace fishmeal in the diet of African giant snail hatchlings.
