5～9岁儿童对常见食物及其营养的认知

目的通过5～9岁儿童对常见食物的分类任务，考察儿童对食物与营养继康关系的认知．方法本研究用临床访谈法，采用多种任务范式，考察5岁、7岁、9岁儿童对常见食物的自发分类以及对膳食平衡的认知。结果5岁儿童更多依赖食物的具体特征进行分类，5-9岁儿童在物理标准（H（2）=12．929，P〈0．01），习俗标准（H（2）=5．540，P=0．063），加工方式（H（2）=6．076，P〈0．05）的使用上年龄差异显著。对于不同营养搭配的套餐，社会经济条件不同的2组儿童选择人数百分比差异显著（χ^2（1）=5．857，P=0．016；）（χ^2（1））=4．510，P=0．034），SES高组的儿童比SES低组的儿童更多选择均衡的饮食（SES高组选择营养搭配人数百分比是75．0％，93．8％；SES低组是45．2％，74．2％）。结论儿童对食物和营养的理解与认知发展有关。随着年龄的增长，儿童逐渐形成膳食营养平衡的观念；生活经验对“膳食平衡”的认知产生影响。

The Influence of the Food Images on Consumers＇ Attention by Using the Eye-Tracking Technology

This study used an eye-tracking methodology to investigate consumers＇ gazing behavior by focusing on how assessment design influences gazing behavior and decision time. Only one factor of test design was investigated and each test contained three images. Eight participants were recruited. This study answered three questions： （1） Does the color of food influence gazing behavior？ （2） Does the color of food influence decision-making？ （3） Is gazing behavior related to decision-making behavior？ The results demonstrated that gazing behavior and decision time have a positive relationship with the image selected. Future research should consider the relationships between eye movements, cognitive goals, and tasks