Sorghum bicolor is among main staple crops of Chad but it is commonly attacked by Striga hermonthica. Assessment of sorghum varieties for resistance to this weed was carried out during three cropping seasons （2005-2...Sorghum bicolor is among main staple crops of Chad but it is commonly attacked by Striga hermonthica. Assessment of sorghum varieties for resistance to this weed was carried out during three cropping seasons （2005-2008）, in controlled conditions; promising entries （those which fulfilled at least 75% of selection criteria） were evaluated in farmer field in 2008-2009 seasons. There were five sites （Bebedjia, Deli, Bekao, Koudoti and Ndaba）. The objective was to evaluate some sorghum entries for S. hermonthica resistance in farmer field. Sorghum test was composed of four entries in Fisher blocks as experimental designs, with five replications. Among different observed variables, there were striga plant count and weight of sorghum grains. One promising entry was selected at Bebedjia and Ndaba （53）, two at Deli and Koudoti （50 and 53）. No entry was selected at Bekao. Promising entries for the whole Southern zone of Chad were composed of 50 and 53. The best entry was 53 because it was promising in all sites except Bekao.展开更多
The Pearl River Delta on China's coast is a region that is seriously threatened by sea level rise and storm surges induced by global climate change, which causes flooding of large areas of farmland and huge agricu...The Pearl River Delta on China's coast is a region that is seriously threatened by sea level rise and storm surges induced by global climate change, which causes flooding of large areas of farmland and huge agricultural losses. Based on relevant research and experience, a loss evaluation model of farmland yield caused by sea level rise and storm surges was established. In this model, the area of submerged farmland, area of crops, and per unit yield of every type of crop were considered, but the impact of wind, flooding time, changes in land use and plant structure were not considered for long-term prediction. Taking the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong as the study area, we estimated and analyzed the spatial distribution and loss of farmlands for different scenarios in the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, using a digital elevation model, land-use data, local crop structure, rotation patterns, and yield loss ratios for different submerged heights obtained from field survey and questionnaires. The results show that the proportion of submerged farmlands and losses of agricultural production in the Pearl River Delta region will increase gradually from 2030 to 2100. Yangjiang, Foshan, and Dongguan show obvious increases in submerged farmlands, while Guangzhou and Zhuhai show slow increases. In agricultural losses, vegetables would sustain the largest loss of production, followed by rice and peanuts. The greatest loss of rice crops would occur in Jiangmen, and the loss of vegetable crops would be high in Shanwei and Jiangmen. Although losses of peanut crops are generally lower, Jiangmen, Guangzhou, and Shanwei would experience relatively high losses. Finally, some measures to defend against storm surges are suggested, such as building sea walls and gates in Jiangmen, Huizhou, and Shanwei, enforcing ecological protection to reduce destruction from storm surges, and strengthening disaster warning systems.展开更多
In the past decade,Fusarium mycotoxins as main biological contaminants in foods have attracted increasing attention due to their agro-economic importance across the global food chain.Their chemical structural diversit...In the past decade,Fusarium mycotoxins as main biological contaminants in foods have attracted increasing attention due to their agro-economic importance across the global food chain.Their chemical structural diversities and occurance in a variety of foods make it chanllenging to simultaneously and efficiently extract them for further analysis.On the other hand,although various analytical methods have been widely applied for on-site and in-lab tests for rapid screening and/or quantitative determination,risk assessment of Fusarium mycotoxins is hardly performed due to the unavailability of affordable mycotoxin standards,as well as the lack of data of dietary consumption and food contamination.Meanwhile,there is an increasing demand for effective control of mycotoxins regarding prevention,neutralization,clearance,detoxification approaches using physico-chemical and biological means.This review summarizes advances in the analysis and control of Fusarium mycotoxins in contaminated foods,providing valuable insights and references for subsequent studies on development of analytical methodology,control strategies,as well as regulations of food safety made by policy-makers.展开更多
文摘Sorghum bicolor is among main staple crops of Chad but it is commonly attacked by Striga hermonthica. Assessment of sorghum varieties for resistance to this weed was carried out during three cropping seasons （2005-2008）, in controlled conditions; promising entries （those which fulfilled at least 75% of selection criteria） were evaluated in farmer field in 2008-2009 seasons. There were five sites （Bebedjia, Deli, Bekao, Koudoti and Ndaba）. The objective was to evaluate some sorghum entries for S. hermonthica resistance in farmer field. Sorghum test was composed of four entries in Fisher blocks as experimental designs, with five replications. Among different observed variables, there were striga plant count and weight of sorghum grains. One promising entry was selected at Bebedjia and Ndaba （53）, two at Deli and Koudoti （50 and 53）. No entry was selected at Bekao. Promising entries for the whole Southern zone of Chad were composed of 50 and 53. The best entry was 53 because it was promising in all sites except Bekao.
基金National Basic Research Program of China,No.2012CB955702
文摘The Pearl River Delta on China's coast is a region that is seriously threatened by sea level rise and storm surges induced by global climate change, which causes flooding of large areas of farmland and huge agricultural losses. Based on relevant research and experience, a loss evaluation model of farmland yield caused by sea level rise and storm surges was established. In this model, the area of submerged farmland, area of crops, and per unit yield of every type of crop were considered, but the impact of wind, flooding time, changes in land use and plant structure were not considered for long-term prediction. Taking the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong as the study area, we estimated and analyzed the spatial distribution and loss of farmlands for different scenarios in the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, using a digital elevation model, land-use data, local crop structure, rotation patterns, and yield loss ratios for different submerged heights obtained from field survey and questionnaires. The results show that the proportion of submerged farmlands and losses of agricultural production in the Pearl River Delta region will increase gradually from 2030 to 2100. Yangjiang, Foshan, and Dongguan show obvious increases in submerged farmlands, while Guangzhou and Zhuhai show slow increases. In agricultural losses, vegetables would sustain the largest loss of production, followed by rice and peanuts. The greatest loss of rice crops would occur in Jiangmen, and the loss of vegetable crops would be high in Shanwei and Jiangmen. Although losses of peanut crops are generally lower, Jiangmen, Guangzhou, and Shanwei would experience relatively high losses. Finally, some measures to defend against storm surges are suggested, such as building sea walls and gates in Jiangmen, Huizhou, and Shanwei, enforcing ecological protection to reduce destruction from storm surges, and strengthening disaster warning systems.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772087,31471661,31601575,31701721 and 31201378)
文摘In the past decade,Fusarium mycotoxins as main biological contaminants in foods have attracted increasing attention due to their agro-economic importance across the global food chain.Their chemical structural diversities and occurance in a variety of foods make it chanllenging to simultaneously and efficiently extract them for further analysis.On the other hand,although various analytical methods have been widely applied for on-site and in-lab tests for rapid screening and/or quantitative determination,risk assessment of Fusarium mycotoxins is hardly performed due to the unavailability of affordable mycotoxin standards,as well as the lack of data of dietary consumption and food contamination.Meanwhile,there is an increasing demand for effective control of mycotoxins regarding prevention,neutralization,clearance,detoxification approaches using physico-chemical and biological means.This review summarizes advances in the analysis and control of Fusarium mycotoxins in contaminated foods,providing valuable insights and references for subsequent studies on development of analytical methodology,control strategies,as well as regulations of food safety made by policy-makers.
