食药两用物质防治肠道疾病研究进展

大多数疾病都和肠道有千丝万缕的关系,甚至有人说肠道问题就是万病之源。随着人们生活水平的提高,肠道疾病发生情况也逐年增长,给社会、家庭带来了巨大的困扰。相对于西医,中医药在治疗肠道疾病中体现出独特的优势。尤其是中医自古就有“食疗”的理论,采用食药两用物质防治肠道疾病疗效好、安全性高、不良反应小。文章总结食药两用物质的种类和应用方法及其在防治肠道疾病方面的研究,希望为食药两用物质的高值化利用和研究、食疗产品开发及合理安全应用提供依据。

药食两用物质效用成分对人孕烷X受体的激活效应及细胞增殖抑制筛选

目的:探讨药食两用物质甘草(甘草苷、甘草酸)、鱼腥草(槲皮素、鱼腥草素)、夏枯草(迷迭香酸)、决明子(橙黄决明素)、茯苓(茯苓酸)、百合(百合皂苷、秋水仙碱)、枸杞子(枸杞多糖)7种药食两用物质中10种效用成分对人孕烷X受体(PXR)的激活效应并筛选其潜在的毒性成分。方法:利用细胞增殖与活性检测(CCK-8)法考察了甘草苷、甘草酸、槲皮素、鱼腥草素、迷迭香酸、橙黄决明素、茯苓酸、秋水仙碱(10、20、50μmol·L^(-1))、百合皂苷、枸杞多糖(10、20、50 mg·L^(-1))10种成分对正常的人肝细胞(L02)增殖抑制的影响;通过生化分析仪检测药物处理后对L02细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放的影响;Hoechst 33342染色考察了10种效用成分对L02细胞凋亡的影响;利用分泌型荧光素酶报告基因系统,将PXR表达载体和含细胞色素P4503A4(CYP3A4)转录调控区的报告基因载体共转染L02细胞,10μmol·L^(-1)利福平(RIF)为阳性对照,用甘草苷、甘草酸、槲皮素、鱼腥草素、迷迭香酸、橙黄决明素、茯苓酸、秋水仙碱(5、10、20μmol·L^(-1))和百合皂苷、枸杞多糖(5、10、20 mg·L^(-1))10种成分分别处理24 h,进行荧光素酶活性检测。结果:与空白组比较,秋水仙碱、百合皂苷、槲皮素会导致细胞活力呈浓度依赖性降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),槲皮素、迷迭香酸、甘草酸、秋水仙碱、橙黄决明素、茯苓酸可以增加L02细胞中LDH的释放率(P<0.05,P<0.01),迷迭香酸、甘草苷、枸杞多糖处理后部分细胞的高亮浓染细胞核的比例逐渐上升(P<0.05,P<0.01);pcDNA3.1-PXR与pGLuc-CYP3A4共转染L02细胞时,与空白组比较,橙黄决明素、茯苓酸对PXR有激活效应(P<0.05),甘草苷、甘草酸对PXR有抑制效应(P<0.05)。结论:在长期服用药食两用物质时,应注意其对药物代谢酶的影响及可能产生的相互作用,提高药食两用物质的安全性。

苦荞醋饮的安全性初步研究

目的:研究药食两用物质苦荞发酵而成的苦荞醋饮有无急性经口毒性和亚急性经口毒性,为安全的食品提供动物实验依据。方法:在急性经口毒性试验中,剂量组灌胃人体推荐摄入量100倍的苦荞醋饮,对照组灌胃蒸馏水,灌胃体积为20 mL/kg,灌胃后连续观察14 d,记录小鼠的一般情况、体重变化、大体解剖检查结果及脏器系数等数据;在28 d经口毒性试验中,高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃人体推荐摄入量100倍、50倍、25倍的苦荞醋饮,对照组给予蒸馏水,连续灌胃28 d,灌胃体积为10 mL/kg,试验期间记录大鼠的一般情况、体重变化、摄食量和食物利用率等数据,试验结束时进行血液学检查、血生化检查、大体解剖检查及脏器系数的测定、组织病理学观察。结果:小鼠未出现中毒症状,也未出现死亡。与对照组相比,剂量组小鼠的体重、主要器官的脏器系数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);大鼠未出现中毒表现,也未出现死亡,低剂量组雌性大鼠的白细胞计数、中剂量组雄性大鼠的脾脏绝对重量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但均在正常范围内,无临床意义,其余指标与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:苦荞醋饮无急性经口毒性和亚急性经口毒性,是安全、无毒的食品。

Application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances for patients during COVID-19 rehabilitation

Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary sub-stances(MDS)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diet therapy during rehabilitation,in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)reduce sequelae and improve their life quality.Methods The official websites of the national and provincial health committees,the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the China BioMedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords,such as“coronavirus”“novel coronavirus pneumonia”“COVID-19”“protocol”“guideline”“consensus”and“rehabilitation period”.The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31,2022.The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out.The information on the frequency,property,flavor,meridian tropism,and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm.Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance.Results A total of 18 protocols were screened out,including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy,and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19.Among them,six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites,26 from local government websites,and 24 from social and academic institution websites.The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery,lung-spleen Qi deficiency,deficiency of both Qi and Yin,spleen-stomach weakness,deficiency of Yang Qi,kidney Qi deficiency,and blood deficiency.Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma)and Lianzi(Nelumbinis Semen),followed by Dazao(Jujubae Fructus)were used most commonly in MDS,with mainly flat property,sweet flavor,and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism.Besides,deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS.Through association rule analysis,12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained.The pair of Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)and Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)had the highest Lift value,and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors.The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren(Coicis Semen),Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Fuling(Poria),and Dazao(Jujubae Fructus).Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis,including the category of strengthening spleen,nourishing kidney,and grasping Qi,the category of removing phlegm,abating panting,and regulating Qi,and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi.Conclusion Based on the TCM theory,most patients during the rehabilitation of COVID-19 are in a state of lingering pathogens due to deficient vital Qi.TCM diet therapy is based on the principle of“giving both reinforcing and reducing treatment”,and the MDS combinations focus on both reinforcing the health Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors.The diet therapy mainly uses the MDS with flat property and sweet flavor,which belongs to deficiency-tonifying drugs,adding suitable MDS of pathogen-eliminating drugs according to different situations.The ultimate goal is to promote lung inflammation absorption,improve pulmonary fibrosis,increase immunity,reduce the occurrence of sequelae,and improve life quality.