罗甸苦瓜套袋防治食蝇试验

在罗甸对苦瓜进行套袋防治食蝇试验,结果表明:授粉后3d内用纸袋对瓜条套袋,对食蝇的防治率可达100%,在授粉6d后套袋,效果不理想,9d后套袋防效更低;套袋时用白纸袋、报纸袋、牛皮纸袋的防效一样。

枣食蝇入侵沧州市危险性分析

采用区域性有害生物风险分析方法,对枣食蝇入侵沧州市的潜在危险性进行了定性和定量分析,结果表明:枣实蝇的寄主植物分布广泛,适生区广且根除难度大,对沧州枣区的潜在威胁很大;枣实蝇的风险综合评价值R为2.66,在沧州属于特别危险性有害生物。

瓜食蝇类型害虫驱离复合剂的应用

为探索低成本、高效率且环保的生物制剂来防治瓜食蝇,本试验以具有一定驱虫效果的微生物菌群代谢物与中草药植物驱离剂复配进行驱虫试验。结果显示,不同的组分配比对害虫均表现出不同程度的驱虫活性,其中以复合微生物菌剂50kg,中草药驱虫成分100kg,木醋液10kg,米醋2.5kg,助剂1kg组成的生物驱离复合剂2效果最佳,其害虫驱逐率达94.5%,并且生物驱离复合剂2的害虫驱逐周期时效相对较短。因此,在实际生产中,生物驱离复合剂2能够有效地防治瓜食蝇,减少产业损失。

新疆食蚜蝇二新种(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)

本文记述采自新疆的食蚜蝇二新种:黄食蚜蝇 Syrphusflavus Heet Li,新种及黄氏美兰食蚜蝇 Melangyna hwangi He et Li,新种.模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室.

mtDNA中COⅠ分子标记在常见食尸性蝇类 鉴定中的应用(英文)

死后不同时间,在尸体上出现不同种类食尸性蝇类的演替规律,可用于准确推断死亡时间。传统上仅依据蝇类形态学特征来判断种属,但由于蝇类的形态结构复杂和种间形态差异微小等特点,对蝇类尤其是对蝇类幼虫的种属鉴别很难。因此应用分子生物学方法对食尸性蝇类及其幼虫进行种属鉴定非常重要。本研究主要是利用此方法对我国西部部分地区常见双翅目食尸性蝇类包括:开普黑蝇、大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇及部分卵,铜绿蝇、棕尾别麻蝇及部分幼虫和蛹的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)上细胞色素氧化酶辅酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)中278bp的基因序列进行鉴别。除个别蝇类如丝光绿蝇与铜绿蝇外,该方法均能有效地将上述食尸性蝇类鉴定到种属水平。在我国,它将成为法医鉴别食尸性蝇类种属的可靠依据。

成都地区四种食尸性蝇类mtDNA中COⅠ基因序列检测

通过检测食尸性苍蝇线粒体DNA(mtDNA)上细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ (COⅠ )中 2 78bp基因序列 ,鉴定食尸性苍蝇的种类 ,解决依据形态学方法不能鉴定苍蝇卵的种类、很难鉴定幼虫种类的难题 ,作为法医鉴别食尸性苍蝇及其幼虫、卵种类依据。随机采集放置在成都地区室外草地兔尸体上的 4种 15个食尸性苍蝇。利用改进的小型昆虫DNA匀浆方法提取上述苍蝇mtDNA ;通过Perkin Elmer 96 0 0扩增仪进行PCR扩增 ;聚丙烯酰胺非变性凝胶连续缓冲体系垂直电泳和银染显色技术进行扩增结果检测 ;PCR胶回收试剂盒纯化 ;ABI 377测序仪测序 ;MEGA2 1软件包进行序列分析和构建系统发育树。在双翅目食尸性苍蝇的种内进化分歧均数小于 1% ,种间进化分歧均数大于 7%。mtDNA上COⅠ序列分析能有效地对主要的食尸性苍蝇进行种类鉴定。该检测方法快速、简便和精确 ,能作为法医鉴别食尸性苍蝇种类的可靠依据。

根据食尸性蝇类特征推断受害者死亡时间的研究进展

研究食尸性蝇类在其一生的各个发育状态所需时间，根据食尸性蝇类推断受害者死亡时间的研究进展，不仅能有效推断尸体的腐化、分解时间及受害者死亡时间，还能为我国的刑事案件研究及发展做出一定的贡献。本文就食尸性蝇类的发育状态及侵蚀受害者尸体的相关过程做出了一定的分析研究，在此基础上，本文还根据食尸性蝇类特征推断受害者死亡时间研究进展进行了一定的探讨。

贪食亚麻蝇生活习性及饲养方法

贪食亚麻蝇是落叶松毛虫的重要天敌,蛹期寄生率高达70%,对抑制害虫种群数量具有重要作用。本文对贪食亚麻蝇生物学特性、人工饲养方法进行阐述。

沙棘绕实蝇调查与防治方法

本文介绍了新疆布尔津县沙棘绕实蝇成虫期、卵期、幼虫期、蛹期调查方法,在营林、物理、人工和化学防治方法中,以在成虫羽化高峰期采用粘贴黄板诱捕防治效果最好,可减少危害50%以上。

豫北地区橘小实蝇危害晚熟桃品种原因及防治对策

近年来,豫北地区桃树产业积极调整品种结构,引进和发展中桃22、青州蜜、映霜红、红叶冬桃、秋彤等9—10月成熟上市的晚熟新品种。随着这些晚熟品种果品的上市,填补了当地10—11月桃果品市场的空白,受到了消费者的欢迎。但自从2017年开始,豫北地区卫辉市、辉县市等地的桃园,发现有果食蝇危害现象,个别管理不当的果园,危害较为严重,虫果率在90%以上。

Research on the Species Diversity of Flower-visiting Syrphidae in the Farmland of Hanzhong Area

[Objective] The aim was to explore the species diversity of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the farmland of Hanzhong area.[Method] Based on the sample collection and the sorting and identification of collected specimens and literature,the species and their seasonal changes of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the agroecosystem of Hanzhong area were systematically analyzed.[Result] 5 015 specimens of Syrphidae were cheaked in this study,and 141 species of 53 genera of 16 families in three subfamilies of flower-visiting species of Syrphidae were identified in farmland of Hanzhong area,in which 65 species were Syrphinae;72 species were Milesiinae;while four species were Microdontinae.The species of Syrphidae in this region were active in April,May,June and July.There were two dominant species in this region,including Episyrphus balteatus and Eristalis tenax.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the studies on the flower-visiting habit and fecundation of insects of Syrphidae in this area.

Flower-visiting Habitus of Three Common Syrphids in Farmland of Hanzhong Area in Early Spring

[Objective] The paper was to study the flower-visiting habitus of three common syrphids in farmland of Hanzhong area in early spring.[Method] The active flower-visiting syrphids in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring was investigated,the annual activity rhythm,flower-visiting behavior,characteristics of mouthparts and their flower-visiting adaptability of three common syrphids were studied.[Result] About 20 species of active flower-visiting syrphids were found in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring,Eristalis tenax （Linnaeus,1758）,Episyrphus balteatus （De Geer,1776） and Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805 were predominant species in farmland.These three species could be found in farmland of Hanzhong area almost throughout the year,and they mainly activated on the flowers of rape and composites on the ridge of field in early spring.The activities of these flower-visiting syrphids were important to pollination of rape.The syrphid mouthparts had no structural characters in adaptation to flower-visiting,but the mouthparts were shorter,which was adaptive to visit the flowers with open and shallower corolla.[Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for further study on flower-visiting habitus and pollination effect of syrphids.

Taxonomic studies of the genus Didea Macquart(Diptera:Syrphidae) with description of a new species from China

We describe a new species in the genus Didea Macquart from China： Didea zhongtiaoshanensis sp.nov. The new species is similar to Didea fasciata Macquart, but differs from the latter by tergite 5 and abdominal sternites. Type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Animals and Botany, Shaanxi University of Technology. A key to Chinese species in the genus Didea is offered.

Two new species of Pseudovolucella Shiraki(Diptera: Syrphidae) from China

Two new species of the genus Pseudovolucella Shiraki are described from Sichuan in China： P. hengduanshanensis sp. nov. and P. dimorpha sp. nov. These two new species are similar to P. decipiens and P. ochracea as reviewed by Reemer and Hippa（2008）. The males of these 4 species have black abdominal tergite 4, P. decipiens has the hind femur of male with a small apicoventral knob, but the new species and P. ochracea have the hind femora of males straight on ventral margins showing that they are more similar to P. ochracea. However, P. hengduanshanensis sp. nov. is distinguished from P. ochracea by face absent of dark brown median vitta, abdominal tergite 2 with a pair of broad yellow basal fasciae separated narrowly in the middle, tergite 3 in male and tergites 3 and 4 in female respectively with a pair of yellow narrow fasciae（P. ochracea has the face with a broad middle dark brown to black vitta diverging above and fading away the paler color, abdominal tergite 2 is wholly pale brownish yellow on basal 2/3, the remainder of tergites shining black, female unknown）. P. dimorpha sp. nov. differs from P. ochracea with abdominal tergite 2 in male and tergites 2, 3 and 4 in female with a pair of yellow narrow fasciae respectively（abdominal characters of P. ochracea see above）. Additionally, the male terminalia of these two new species are different.

A Revision of the Genus Milesia Latreilla (Diptera: Syrphidae) from China

All Chinese species of the genus Milesia is revised in this paper. Six new synonyms were proposed, which are M. ruiliana Yang et Cheng and M. Tachina Yang et Cheng as synonyms of M. cretosa Hippa; M. maolana Cheng et Yang as synonym of M. ferruginosa Brunetti; M. atricorporis Yang et Cheng as synomym of M. quantula Hippa; M. vesparia Shiraki and M. turgidiverticis Yang et Cheng as synonyms of M. verticalis Brunetti. As far as we know, there are thirteen species distributing in China, among which, M. variegata Brunetti is recorded for the first time to China. An abdominal figure of each species is provided in this paper. Meanwhile, a key to all the Chinese species and a map of geographical distribution of these species are given.

Two new species of Syrphidae(Diptera) from Shanxi,China

This paper describes two new species of Syrphidae from Shanxi Province of China.Chrysotoxum seximaculatum sp.nov.is similar to C.rossicum Becker,1921,but differs from the latter by the rather short hairs on body,black pleuron,three pairs of orange marks on abdomen and tergite 5 black,the latter with long hairs on body,black pleuron with yellow marks,four pairs of yellow marks on abdomen and tergite 5 with yellow small lateral marks.Dasysyrphus luyashanensis sp.nov.is allied to D.albostriatus(Fallén,1817),but can be distinguished from the latter by the postalar callus with yellow maculae,hind femur with black broad rings and apical segments of hind tarsi blackish dorsally,the latter with both postalar callus and postpronotal lobes with yellow maculae,basal 1/4 to 1/2 of the fore and middle femora,middle part of hind femur and apical half of hind tibia black.

Two new species in the genus Eumerus Meigen(Diptera:Syrphidae)from Inner Mongolia,China

This paper describes two new species in the genus Eumerus Meigen,1822(Diptera:Syrphidae)from Alashan Right Banner of China.Eumerus alxaensis Huo&Liu sp.nov.is similar to E.tuberculatus Rondani,but differs from the latter by mesonotum without whitish pollinose middle stripes,tergite 4 with distinctly L-shaped whitish pollinose bands,eyes with long and dense hairs in male but shorter in female,hypandrium ventrally with a semicircular sheet protruding on the middle of lateral margins.Eumerus seximaculatum Huo&Liu sp.nov.is allied to E.strigatus(Fallén),but differs from the latter by eyes bare,vertex covered with pale yellow hairs,whitish pollinose bands on broader tergites,sternite 4 of male with deeply concave posterior margin and male terminalia distinctly different.

One new species in the genus Nephrocerus Zetterstedt(Diptera:Pipunculidae),with a key to species from the Palaearctic Region

One new species, Nephrocerus bullatus sp. nov., is described from China. A key to species of this genus from the Palaearctic Region is presented.

Biological Value of Maggot Meal as a Replacement for Fishmeal in the Diets of African Giant Snail （Achatina spp.） Hatchings

Poverty, inadequate dietary intake, and diseases are the major causes of malnutrition in Nigeria. Averagely, Nigerians consume about 5.5 g of animal protein per day which is low compared to the minimum of 30 g per person per day as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization. The concept of household food security ensures that adequate food can be obtained, either through home production or purchases. Snail production is one of the means through which these ills could be eliminated. Protein deficiency that is endemic in developing nations can be reduced through the domestication of micro-livestock like snail which is rich in protein and iron. Sixty Achatina achatina hatchlings were used in a 90 days feeding trial. The hatchlings were assigned to four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates each. Maggot meal was incorporated at the levels of 0.6, 1.4, and 2 kg per 100 kg of feed in treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Treatment 1 had no maggot meal and served as the control. Results showed that snail weight, shell length and shell width increased with increase in the levels of maggot meal. Hatchlings on T3 and T4 had statistically similar values （P 〉 0.01） which were significantly （P 〈 0.01） higher than values obtained for hatchlings on T1 and T2 .Weight gain and feed conversion values of hatchlings on T3 and T4 were also significantly higher than values observed for hatchlings on T1 and T2. Therefore, maggot meal could effectively replace fishmeal in the diet of African giant snail hatchlings.

Recent advances in the neural regulation of feeding behavior in adult Drosophila

The ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis is a key capability critical for the survival and well-being of animals living in constantly changing environments.Metabolic homeostasis depends on neuromodulators,such as biogenic amines,neuropeptides,and hormones,to signal changes in animals’ internal metabolic status and to orchestrate their behaviors accordingly.An important example is the regulation of feeding behavior by conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms across the animal kingdom.Its relatively simple brain coupled with well-characterized genetics and behavioral paradigms makes the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model for investigating the neuromodulatory regulation of feeding behavior.In this review we discuss the neuromodulators and neural circuits that integrate the internal physiological status with external sensory cues and modulate feeding behavior in adult fruit flies.Studies show that various specific aspects of feeding behavior are subjected to unique neuromodulatory regulation,which permits fruit flies to maintain metabolic homeostasis effectively.