Four waste materials, paper, wood, textile and kitchen garbage, in municipal solid waste were gasified separately with oxygen in a fixed bed reactor. The yields of products char. tar and gas, the composition of gas co...Four waste materials, paper, wood, textile and kitchen garbage, in municipal solid waste were gasified separately with oxygen in a fixed bed reactor. The yields of products char. tar and gas, the composition of gas components H2, CO, CO2 and CH4, and the lower heating value （LHV） were examined at temperatures between 700 and 900 ℃ and equivalence ratio （ER） between 0.14 and 0.32. Characteristics of gas evolution during gasification were inves- tigated. Results show that a higher temperature improves the formation of H2 and CO while lowers the yield of CO2 and CH4. The LHV of syngas increases with temperature and varies in the range of 6-10 MJ. m-3 reaching the maximum at 800 ℃ or above. As ER increases, both combustible gas component and LHV of syngas decrease while the yield of CO2 rises linearly. The appropriate ER for obtaining high quality gas is in the range of 0.18-0.23. Temperature and ER have significant effects on the product distribution. Higher temperature and ER are favorable for higher gas yield and lower yield of char and tar in the gasification of textile and kitchen garbage. At 800 ℃, the gas evolution may be divided into two regions. In the first region, the flow rate of gas increases and then de- creases ranidlv, while in the second reuion the flow rate decreases monotonically to lower level.展开更多
Global food supply has for a long time been regarded as only a problem of food production. Since the turn of the century, however, other aspects have entered the debate, such as improving food quality, changing eating...Global food supply has for a long time been regarded as only a problem of food production. Since the turn of the century, however, other aspects have entered the debate, such as improving food quality, changing eating habits and avoiding food waste. The latter topic has become the subject of attention for the past I0 years and the interest in it has steadily grown. This paper focuses on food waste within the overall context. Apart from the purely quantitative （material） aspects, it draws our attention to the immaterial side of waste, which has to do with our value system. It hopes to sharpen our minds towards a responsible way of dealing with resources展开更多
In order to clarify the influence of microbial agents on kitchen waste and rice straw composting, an aerobic composting experiment was conducted by setting three kinds of combined bacterial agents to study the tempera...In order to clarify the influence of microbial agents on kitchen waste and rice straw composting, an aerobic composting experiment was conducted by setting three kinds of combined bacterial agents to study the temperature change in the composting, and pH value, nutrient contents, C/N and heavy metal content after composting through. The three kinds of combined bacterial agents were as follows:B1 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Trichoderma sp.;B2 with effective strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast and lactic acid bacteria;B3 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Results showed that the addition of microbial agents had signifcant effects on temperature change,nitrogen and phosphorus content and C/N of the compost. T1, T2, and T3 treatments lasted for 8, 5 and 4 d in the thermophilic phase above 60℃, respectively. The total nitrogen content of each treatment was 14.90, 15.50 and 13.80 g/kg respectively after composting. The total phosphorus content of each treatment was 4.87, 4.17 and 3.70g/kg respectively at the end of composting. The C/N of each treatment was 20.94,22.63, and 22.65 respectively at the end of composting. The application effect of B1bacteria agent on the composting of kitchen waste and rice straw was better.展开更多
This paper presents bench scale experiments related to anaerobic co-digestion of aerobic sewage sludge from a pilot WWTP （waste water treatment plants）, raw glycerol from a biodiesel industry and food waste. Assays ...This paper presents bench scale experiments related to anaerobic co-digestion of aerobic sewage sludge from a pilot WWTP （waste water treatment plants）, raw glycerol from a biodiesel industry and food waste. Assays were conducted in 100 mL non-stirring penicillin vessels, at 30 ℃ and planned according to three optimization phases： （1） binary mixture of sewage sludge and FW （food waste）; （2） binary mixture of sewage sludge and glycerol; and （3） ternary mixture of sewage sludge, FW, and glycerol. In the first and second phases, the highest SMP （specific methane production） was achieved by 10% （v/v） FW and 0.5% （v/v） glycerol mixtures. The optimization of the ternary mixture during the third phase was reached by the combination of 10% （v/v） FW and 0.4% （v/v） glycerol. Despite the low SMP value, the addition of glycerol and FW contributed to doubling the SMP value of the sludge sample control.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB201505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51006023)
文摘Four waste materials, paper, wood, textile and kitchen garbage, in municipal solid waste were gasified separately with oxygen in a fixed bed reactor. The yields of products char. tar and gas, the composition of gas components H2, CO, CO2 and CH4, and the lower heating value （LHV） were examined at temperatures between 700 and 900 ℃ and equivalence ratio （ER） between 0.14 and 0.32. Characteristics of gas evolution during gasification were inves- tigated. Results show that a higher temperature improves the formation of H2 and CO while lowers the yield of CO2 and CH4. The LHV of syngas increases with temperature and varies in the range of 6-10 MJ. m-3 reaching the maximum at 800 ℃ or above. As ER increases, both combustible gas component and LHV of syngas decrease while the yield of CO2 rises linearly. The appropriate ER for obtaining high quality gas is in the range of 0.18-0.23. Temperature and ER have significant effects on the product distribution. Higher temperature and ER are favorable for higher gas yield and lower yield of char and tar in the gasification of textile and kitchen garbage. At 800 ℃, the gas evolution may be divided into two regions. In the first region, the flow rate of gas increases and then de- creases ranidlv, while in the second reuion the flow rate decreases monotonically to lower level.
文摘Global food supply has for a long time been regarded as only a problem of food production. Since the turn of the century, however, other aspects have entered the debate, such as improving food quality, changing eating habits and avoiding food waste. The latter topic has become the subject of attention for the past I0 years and the interest in it has steadily grown. This paper focuses on food waste within the overall context. Apart from the purely quantitative （material） aspects, it draws our attention to the immaterial side of waste, which has to do with our value system. It hopes to sharpen our minds towards a responsible way of dealing with resources
文摘In order to clarify the influence of microbial agents on kitchen waste and rice straw composting, an aerobic composting experiment was conducted by setting three kinds of combined bacterial agents to study the temperature change in the composting, and pH value, nutrient contents, C/N and heavy metal content after composting through. The three kinds of combined bacterial agents were as follows:B1 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Trichoderma sp.;B2 with effective strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast and lactic acid bacteria;B3 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Results showed that the addition of microbial agents had signifcant effects on temperature change,nitrogen and phosphorus content and C/N of the compost. T1, T2, and T3 treatments lasted for 8, 5 and 4 d in the thermophilic phase above 60℃, respectively. The total nitrogen content of each treatment was 14.90, 15.50 and 13.80 g/kg respectively after composting. The total phosphorus content of each treatment was 4.87, 4.17 and 3.70g/kg respectively at the end of composting. The C/N of each treatment was 20.94,22.63, and 22.65 respectively at the end of composting. The application effect of B1bacteria agent on the composting of kitchen waste and rice straw was better.
文摘This paper presents bench scale experiments related to anaerobic co-digestion of aerobic sewage sludge from a pilot WWTP （waste water treatment plants）, raw glycerol from a biodiesel industry and food waste. Assays were conducted in 100 mL non-stirring penicillin vessels, at 30 ℃ and planned according to three optimization phases： （1） binary mixture of sewage sludge and FW （food waste）; （2） binary mixture of sewage sludge and glycerol; and （3） ternary mixture of sewage sludge, FW, and glycerol. In the first and second phases, the highest SMP （specific methane production） was achieved by 10% （v/v） FW and 0.5% （v/v） glycerol mixtures. The optimization of the ternary mixture during the third phase was reached by the combination of 10% （v/v） FW and 0.4% （v/v） glycerol. Despite the low SMP value, the addition of glycerol and FW contributed to doubling the SMP value of the sludge sample control.
