Water comes from various different sources, such as lakes, rivers, streams, springs and boreholes. Depending on the quality of its source, water will almost certainly have to be treated to make it safe to drink. All w...Water comes from various different sources, such as lakes, rivers, streams, springs and boreholes. Depending on the quality of its source, water will almost certainly have to be treated to make it safe to drink. All water supplies for human consumption must be well stored, free from micro-organisms, parasites and any substances that endanger public health if found in sufficient numbers or concentrations, in the same time. In our continued effort for a better result in our study of qualitative aspects, by physicochemical and bacteriological analysis, the authors focus in two crucial questions： a） is the water quality of Sidi-bel-Abbes good or bad ,and well stored？ b） is the people of Sidi-bel-Abbes are aware of the importance of water and knowledgeable about how to use this vital？ This study is the first to use data from I real work based upon a developed method and a good investigation to know exactly if water of Sidi-Bel-Abbes is safely treated, well stored and consumed in resemble way. In first, the authors plotted the method in analysing the qualitative aspect of water using developed material for a precise result starting by the distribution connection （condition and management） and the verification of water tank storage and finishing by analyzing the all the aspect of water （physicochemical and bacteriological analysis）. In second, the authors focus on the way that people of Sidi Bel Abbes used and consumption water by introducing a targeted method （questionnaires） which help us a lot to know precisely the way, time and the real quantity of water consumed daily. In final step of our study of qualitative aspects, by physico-chemical and bacteriological, and environmental analyses, investigation processed by PCA （principal component analysis） of the drinking water supplied to Sidi Bel Abbes city （Algeria north-west） concluded by an encouraging result, that despite the various constraints faced by the departments concerned, they ensure the supply of safe drinking water in households almost daily.展开更多
The potability of water wells, drilling and tap water is the determining factor for the quality management of health of the urban and rural population. This study has been done on the basis of monitoring aspect such a...The potability of water wells, drilling and tap water is the determining factor for the quality management of health of the urban and rural population. This study has been done on the basis of monitoring aspect such as pH, content ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and chloride from a physico chemical point of view. This study allowed the chemical and bacteriological analysis of samples, based on the result obtained, and the potability of water was defined. The bacteriological analysis was carried out taking account of the total flora, coliforms and Escherichia coll. This work gave rise to analyze 36 samples of water from wells, eight samples of drilling water and nine samples of water taps from municipalities such as Mamou, Dalaba and Pita. Water wells represent 90% of water supplies in drinking water to the population. In this research, collection of samples was very important. This study shows that 16 samples from 52 are potable, therefore, it is urgent to focus on the treatment of sewage in order to ensure better health for the population from administrative region of Mamou.展开更多
Coastal areas of Bangladesh are especially vulnerable due to their physiographic location and exposure to natural calamities. Around 35 million people living in coastal areas have no access or limited access to safe d...Coastal areas of Bangladesh are especially vulnerable due to their physiographic location and exposure to natural calamities. Around 35 million people living in coastal areas have no access or limited access to safe drinking water. Contamination of water sources by salinity, arsenic or iron are the principal causes of water scarcity. Rising sea levels and unevenness of climatic events due to climate change will exacerbate the situation in coastal areas, especially in the southwestern coastal zone. This study examines one of the vulnerable coastal upazila Tala at Satkhira(an 'upazila' is a medium level administrative unit in Bangladesh) in the southwestern zone of Bangladesh to understand the gravity of the problems. The study develops a GIS based multi-criteria analysis to identify suitable options and locations of fresh water as part of a current and future solution to the problems and further deterioration. To fulfill the objectives, a questionnaire-based GPS guided field survey was conducted to collect details of field level conditions in order to find a suitable solution. Because aquifers are considered the primary source of drinking water, field data have been analyzed for two distinct aquifers, one relatively shallow and one deeper, to understand aquifer quality. Potentiality of different water sources the socioeconomic status of communities, types of water use and corresponding sources and water demand are also evaluated. The analysis finds that alternative water sources that are safe are difficult to find, because both surface and groundwater-based sources are already contaminated, and there are no nearby, easily accessible safe sources. Groundwater-based sources are contaminated by arsenic, iron or salinity, and surface water-based sources are not in use due to maintenance and management issues. In some cases, surface water sources are polluted by flash flooding of high saline water during storm surges or seepage from saline water-based aquacultures. Multiple limitations identified during field observations and field data analysis were considered as an analytical parameter A GIS based multi-criteria analysis incorporated field data, including Geo-spatial and socioeconomic information for road networks, settlement locations, number of households, quality and quantity of existing water sources, water demand and business opportunities. The analysis found some potential options in distributed locations which are consistent with community demand. Suggested options made use of technologies that are already understood and commonly used by communities, like deep tubewells, PSFs(Pond Sand Filter) and WTPs(Water Treatment Plant). In the study area, PSF is the most commonly used method and to make this surface water-based technology sustainable some precautionary measurements are suggested.展开更多
文摘Water comes from various different sources, such as lakes, rivers, streams, springs and boreholes. Depending on the quality of its source, water will almost certainly have to be treated to make it safe to drink. All water supplies for human consumption must be well stored, free from micro-organisms, parasites and any substances that endanger public health if found in sufficient numbers or concentrations, in the same time. In our continued effort for a better result in our study of qualitative aspects, by physicochemical and bacteriological analysis, the authors focus in two crucial questions： a） is the water quality of Sidi-bel-Abbes good or bad ,and well stored？ b） is the people of Sidi-bel-Abbes are aware of the importance of water and knowledgeable about how to use this vital？ This study is the first to use data from I real work based upon a developed method and a good investigation to know exactly if water of Sidi-Bel-Abbes is safely treated, well stored and consumed in resemble way. In first, the authors plotted the method in analysing the qualitative aspect of water using developed material for a precise result starting by the distribution connection （condition and management） and the verification of water tank storage and finishing by analyzing the all the aspect of water （physicochemical and bacteriological analysis）. In second, the authors focus on the way that people of Sidi Bel Abbes used and consumption water by introducing a targeted method （questionnaires） which help us a lot to know precisely the way, time and the real quantity of water consumed daily. In final step of our study of qualitative aspects, by physico-chemical and bacteriological, and environmental analyses, investigation processed by PCA （principal component analysis） of the drinking water supplied to Sidi Bel Abbes city （Algeria north-west） concluded by an encouraging result, that despite the various constraints faced by the departments concerned, they ensure the supply of safe drinking water in households almost daily.
文摘The potability of water wells, drilling and tap water is the determining factor for the quality management of health of the urban and rural population. This study has been done on the basis of monitoring aspect such as pH, content ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and chloride from a physico chemical point of view. This study allowed the chemical and bacteriological analysis of samples, based on the result obtained, and the potability of water was defined. The bacteriological analysis was carried out taking account of the total flora, coliforms and Escherichia coll. This work gave rise to analyze 36 samples of water from wells, eight samples of drilling water and nine samples of water taps from municipalities such as Mamou, Dalaba and Pita. Water wells represent 90% of water supplies in drinking water to the population. In this research, collection of samples was very important. This study shows that 16 samples from 52 are potable, therefore, it is urgent to focus on the treatment of sewage in order to ensure better health for the population from administrative region of Mamou.
基金The Colleges and Universities Humanities and Social Science Fund Project in Jiangxi Province(JC1414).
文摘Coastal areas of Bangladesh are especially vulnerable due to their physiographic location and exposure to natural calamities. Around 35 million people living in coastal areas have no access or limited access to safe drinking water. Contamination of water sources by salinity, arsenic or iron are the principal causes of water scarcity. Rising sea levels and unevenness of climatic events due to climate change will exacerbate the situation in coastal areas, especially in the southwestern coastal zone. This study examines one of the vulnerable coastal upazila Tala at Satkhira(an 'upazila' is a medium level administrative unit in Bangladesh) in the southwestern zone of Bangladesh to understand the gravity of the problems. The study develops a GIS based multi-criteria analysis to identify suitable options and locations of fresh water as part of a current and future solution to the problems and further deterioration. To fulfill the objectives, a questionnaire-based GPS guided field survey was conducted to collect details of field level conditions in order to find a suitable solution. Because aquifers are considered the primary source of drinking water, field data have been analyzed for two distinct aquifers, one relatively shallow and one deeper, to understand aquifer quality. Potentiality of different water sources the socioeconomic status of communities, types of water use and corresponding sources and water demand are also evaluated. The analysis finds that alternative water sources that are safe are difficult to find, because both surface and groundwater-based sources are already contaminated, and there are no nearby, easily accessible safe sources. Groundwater-based sources are contaminated by arsenic, iron or salinity, and surface water-based sources are not in use due to maintenance and management issues. In some cases, surface water sources are polluted by flash flooding of high saline water during storm surges or seepage from saline water-based aquacultures. Multiple limitations identified during field observations and field data analysis were considered as an analytical parameter A GIS based multi-criteria analysis incorporated field data, including Geo-spatial and socioeconomic information for road networks, settlement locations, number of households, quality and quantity of existing water sources, water demand and business opportunities. The analysis found some potential options in distributed locations which are consistent with community demand. Suggested options made use of technologies that are already understood and commonly used by communities, like deep tubewells, PSFs(Pond Sand Filter) and WTPs(Water Treatment Plant). In the study area, PSF is the most commonly used method and to make this surface water-based technology sustainable some precautionary measurements are suggested.
