七氟醚与异丙酚对妇科腹腔镜手术患者的脑血管自身调节能力和脑血流量的影响

目的探索七氟醚麻醉与异丙酚麻醉对进行妇科腹腔镜手术患者的脑血管自身调节能力和脑血流量的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年4月至2018年5月于本院进行妇科腹腔镜手术患者87例的临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,对照组(n=43)采用七氟醚麻醉治疗,实验组(n=44)采用异丙酚麻醉治疗。比较两组患者不同时间脑血流量、脑短暂充血反应率、脑氧饱和度值。结果实验组患者建立气腹后10 min脑血流量低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者建立气腹后10 min脑短暂充血反应率高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患者建立气腹后10 min脑氧饱和度值高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用异丙酚麻醉方案对进行妇科腹腔镜手术患者的效果显著,在不同时间脑血流量、脑短暂充血反应率、脑氧饱和度值等方面有明显优势。

Relationship between the transition frequency of local fluid flow and the peak frequency of attenuation

Local fluid flow（LFF） at the mesoscopic scale is the main dissipation mechanism of seismic waves in heterogeneous porous media within the seismic frequency band.LFF is easily influenced by the structure and boundary conditions of the porous media,which leads to different behaviors of the peak frequency of attenuation.The associated transition frequency can provide detailed information about the trend of LFF;therefore,research on the transition frequency of LFF and its relationship with the peak frequency of the corresponding attenuation（i.e.,inverse of quality factor） facilitates the detailed understanding of the effect of inner structures and boundary conditions in porous media.In this study,we firstly obtain the transition frequency of fluid flux based on Biot＇s theory of poroelasticity and the fast Fourier transform algorithm in a sample containing one repeating unit cell（RUC）.We then analyze changes of these two frequencies in porous media with different porous properties.Finally,we extend our analysis to the influence of the undrained boundary condition on the transition frequency and peak frequency in porous media with multiple RUCs.This setup can facilitate the understanding of the effect from the undrained boundary condition.Results demonstrate that these two frequencies have the same trend at low water saturation,but amplitude variations differ between the frequencies as the amount of saturation increases.However,for cases of high water saturation,both the trend and the amplitude variation of these two frequencies fit well with each other.

Face mask detection algorithm based on HSV+HOG features and SVM

To automatically detecting whether a person is wearing mask properly,we propose a face mask detection algorithm based on hue-saturation-value(HSV)+histogram of oriented gradient(HOG)features and support vector machines(SVM).Firstly,human face and five feature points are detected with RetinaFace face detection algorithm.The feature points are used to locate to mouth and nose region,and HSV+HOG features of this region are extracted and input to SVM for training to realize detection of wearing masks or not.Secondly,RetinaFace is used to locate to nasal tip area of face,and YCrCb elliptical skin tone model is used to detect the exposure of skin in the nasal tip area,and the optimal classification threshold can be found to determine whether the wear is properly according to experimental results.Experiments show that the accuracy of detecting whether mask is worn can reach 97.9%,and the accuracy of detecting whether mask is worn correctly can reach 87.55%,which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm.

宏观交通模型中信号交叉口延误函数研究

针对不同进口道形式对交叉口分类,利用杭州市信号交叉口的实际观测延误数据,以统计出的进口道饱和度和延误值为基础,通过对饱和度和延误值关系的分析拟合,得出适合杭州市信号交叉口的延误函数,应用于杭州市宏观交通模型中,可提高模型的精确程度,并且在杭州市交通信息平台中得到了验证。

Laboratory investigation on relationship between degree of saturation, B-value and P-wave velocity

Laboratory tests were performed on Toyoura sand specimens to investigate the relationship between degree of saturation Sr, B-value and P-wave velocity Vp. Different types of pore water （de-aired water or tap water） and pore gas （air or CO2） as well as different magnitudes of back pressure were used to achieve different Sr （or B-value）. The measured relationship between B-value and Vp was not consistent with the theoretical prediction. The measurement shows that the Vp value in the specimen flushed with de-aired water is independent of B-value （or St） and is always around the one in fully saturated condition. However, the Vp value in the specimen flushed with tap water increases with B-value, but the shape of the relationship between Vp and B-value is quite different from the theoretical prediction. The possible explanation for the discrepancy between laboratory measurement and theoretical prediction lies in that the air exists in the water as air bubbles and therefore the pore fluid （air-water mixture） is heterogeneous instead of homogenous assumed in the theoretical prediction.

Sensitivity to Acidification of Forest Soils in Two Watersheds with Contrasting Hydrological Regimes in the Oil Sands Region of Alberta

Input of large amounts of N and S compounds into forest ecosystems through atmospheric deposition is a significant risk for soil acidification in the oil sands region of Alberta.We evaluated the sensitivity of forest soils to acidification in two watersheds(Lake 287 and Lake 185)with contrasting hydrological regimes as a part of a larger project assessing the role of N and S cycling in soil acidification in forest ecosystems.Fifty six forest soil samples were collected from the two watersheds by horizon from 10 monitoring plots dominated by either jack pine(Pinus banksiana)or aspen(Populus tremuloides).Soils in the two watersheds were extremely to moderately acidic with pH(CaCl_2)ranging from 2.83 to 4.91.Soil acid-base chemistry variables such as pH,base saturation,Al saturation,and acid-buffering capacity measured using the acetic acid equilibrium procedure indicated that soils in Lake 287 were more acidified than those in Lake 185. Acid-buffering capacity decreased in the order of forest floor>subsurface mineral soil>surface mineral soil.The most dramatic differences in percent Ca and Al saturations between the two watersheds were found in the surface mineral soil horizon.Percent Ca and Al saturation in the surface mineral soil in Lake 287 were 15% and 70%,respectively;the percent Ca saturation value fell within a critical range proposed in the literature that indicates soil acidification.Our results suggest that the soils in the two watersheds have low acid buffering capacity and would be sensitive to increased acidic deposition in the region.

CALCULATION OF NONLINEAR MAGNETIC FIELDS IN CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRIC SYSTEM

For the calculation of non-linear magnetic fields, a simple program can be as effective as a large commercialized software package. If relaxation methods are used, they must include successive over-relaxation and under-relaxation and much attention must be paid to the relaxation factor and the interpolation. In this paper some skills are proposed on the setting of an interpolation switch and the choosing of saturation point so as to assure satisfied convergence properties. The numerical results by using these methods conform well to the tests.

Salt-Water Transport in Unsaturated Soils Under Crop Planting: Dynamics and Numerical Simulation

A laboratory salt-water dynamics experiment using unsaturated soils in packed silt loam and clay soil columns withdifferent soil texture profiles and groundwater levels under crops were conducted to study the changes of salt-waterdynamics induced by water uptake of crops and to propose the theoretical basis for the regulation and control of salt-water dynamics as well as to predict salinity levels. The HYDRUS 1D model was applied to simulate the one-dimensionalmovement of water and salt transport in the soil columns. The results showed that the salts mainly accumulated in theplow layer in the soil columns under crops. Soil water and salt both moved towards the plow layer due to soil waterabsorption by the crop root system. The salt contents in the column with lower groundwater were mostly greater thanthose with high groundwater. The water contents in the soil columns increased from top to the bottom due to plant rootwater uptake. The changes in groundwater level had little influence on water content of the root zone in the soil columnswith crop planting. Comparison between the simulated and the determined values showed that model simulation resultswere ideal, so it is practicable to do numerical simulation of soil salt and water transport by the HYDRUS 1D model.Furthermore, if the actual movement of salt and water in fields is to be described in detail, much work needs to be done.The most important thing is to refine the parameters and select precise boundary conditions.

Simulation of the Internal Transport Phenomena for PEM Fuel Cells with Different Modes of Flow

A numerical model for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is developed, which can simulate such basic transport phenomena as gas-liquid two-phase flow in a working fuel cell. Boundary conditions for both the conventional and the interdigitated modes of flow are presented on a three-dimensional basis. Numerical techniques for this model are discussed in detail. Validation shows good agreement between simulating results and experimental data. Furthermore, internal transport phenomena are discussed and compared for PEM fuel cells with conventional and interdigitated flows. It is found that the dead-ended structure of an interdigitated flow does increase the oxygen mass fraction and decrease the liquid water saturation in the gas diffusion layer as compared to the conventional mode of flow. However, the cathode humidification is important for an interdigitated flow to acquire better performance than a conventional flow fuel cell.

Exploiting global and local features for image retrieval

Two lines of image representation based on multiple features fusion demonstrate excellent performance in image retrieval.However,there are some problems in both of them:1)the methods defining directly texture in color space put more emphasis on color than texture feature;2)the methods extract several features respectively and combine them into a vector,in which bad features may lead to worse performance after combining directly good and bad features.To address the problems above,a novel hybrid framework for color image retrieval through combination of local and global features achieves higher retrieval precision.The bag-of-visual words(BoW)models and color intensity-based local difference patterns(CILDP)are exploited to capture local and global features of an image.The proposed fusion framework combines the ranking results of BoW and CILDP through graph-based density method.The performance of our proposed framework in terms of average precision on Corel-1K database is86.26%,and it improves the average precision by approximately6.68%and12.53%over CILDP and BoW,respectively.Extensive experiments on different databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for image retrieval.

Numerical investigation on freeze-drying of aqueous material frozen with pre-built pores

Freeze-drying of the initially porous frozen material with pre-built pores from liquid material was found experimentally to save drying time by over 30% with an initial saturation being 0.28 compared with the conventional operation with the initial saturation being 1, using mannitol as the solid material. In order to understand the mass and heat transfer phenomena of this novel process, a two-dimensional mathematical model of coupled mass and heat transfer was derived with reference to the cylindrical coordinate system. Three adsorption–desorption equilibrium relationships between the vapour pressure and saturation value namely, power-law, Redhead's style and Kelvin's style equation, were tested. Kelvin's style in exponential form of adsorption equilibrium relation gave an excellent agreement between the model prediction and experimental measurement when the equation parameter, γ, of 5000 was applied. Analyses of temperature and ice saturation profiles show that additional heat needs to be supplied to increase the sample temperature in order to promote the desorption process. Simulation also shows that there is a threshold initial porosity after which the drying time decreased with the increase in the initial porosity. Enhanced freeze-drying is expected to be achieved by simultaneously enhancing mass and heat transfer of the process.

Jam Formation of Traffic Flow in Harbor Tunnel

This paper reports a study concerning occurrence and growth of traffic jam in a harbor tunnel. The single-lane with three sections （downgrade, fiat, and upgrade） is taken into account and they are characterized with different velocity limit. At the low density, the traffic current increases linearly with density and saturates at some values of immediately density. As the density increases, the traffic jam appears firstly before the upgrade section and then extends to the downgrade section. Additionally, the relationships of the velocity and headway against position in different densities are obta/ned from simulation. These results clearly clarify where and when the traffic jam appears. Finally, the critical densities are derived via the theoretical analysis before and after the discontinuous fronts and the theoretical results are consistent with the critical values of simulation results.

羧甲基淀粉钠对红细胞流变特性与氧解离曲线的影响

目的研究2种相对分子质量的羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)120、CMS380的理化性质,及其对红细胞流变特性与氧解离曲线的影响。方法根据《中华人民共和国药典》要求,检测CMS120、CMS380、羟乙基淀粉130(HES130)的理化性质,包括pH值、渗透压摩尔浓度和黏度。将生理盐水、CMS130、CMS380和HES130分别与全血7∶3混合(V/V),设为全血组、全血+生理盐水(NSB)组、全血+CMS120(CMS120B)组、全血+CMS380(CMS380B)组和全血+HES130(HES130B)组。检测各组胶体渗透压、血液黏度、红细胞变形与聚集、血氧饱和度50%时氧分压(P50)值。结果不同样品的理化性质检测结果表明,CMS120和CMS380的晶体渗透压摩尔浓度及黏度均显著高于HES130(均为P<0.05)。样品与全血以7∶3(V/V)混合后,CMS380B组和CMS120B组的胶体渗透压较全血组显著提高(均为P<0.05),并显著高于HES130B组(均为P<0.05);在低剪切力(切变率为10/s)下,与全血组比较,NSB组、CMS380B组和CMS120B组全血和血浆黏度显著升高(均为P<0.05),HES130B组全血黏度显著降低(P<0.05);在切变率为10/s、50/s和150/s条件下,CMS120B和CMS380组全血黏度和血浆黏度均显著高于HES130B组(均为P<0.05);在高切变率作用下,CMS380B和HES130B组呈现促进红细胞变形的趋势;CMS120B组和CMS380B组呈促进红细胞聚集趋势,HES130B组显著抑制红细胞聚集幅度(P<0.05);CMS380B组的P50值显著高于HES130B组(P<0.05)。结论CMS120、CMS380能促进红细胞聚集,CMS380使氧释放能力增强。

手持式色差仪测定不同观赏动物的被毛的色差值

目前,对于观赏动物尤其是宠物的皮毛色泽尚无无损快速的仪器测定方法。笔者以处于健康、安静的皮毛观赏动物作为试验对象,在常温日光的室内,使用手持式色差仪(美普达CR-400),测定其头部、颈背部、左后腿部及右后腿部4处区域的皮毛色差值。色差值包括亮度值、红度值、黄度值及计算值饱和度和色度角。研究表明,黄度值(b*)及饱和度值(C*)在不同动物品种之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。不同部位与色差值之间没有显著关系(P<0.05)。此方法操作简单,成本低,可直接活体测定,方便快捷。

一种新型二分网络类局域世界演化模型

现实世界中复杂网络的演化存在很明显的局域选择现象,然而目前关于二分网络中的局域世界演化模型研究较少.因此,本文建立了一个基于二分网络的类局域世界演化模型.首先定义了网络节点度值的饱和度.在此基础上提出了一种新型二分网络局域世界演化模型.新节点加入系统不需要全局知识,而是通过节点在网络演化的不同时刻度值饱和度为选择条件构造新节点的局域世界,然后利用择优连接从局域世界中选择节点增加连边完成网络演化.此类模型中新节点的局域世界是通过节点饱和度的限制被动生成,因此又称为类局域世界模型.通过模拟分析发现在节点度值饱和度的限制下择优连接并没有产生具有幂率特性的度分布,而是生成了度分布相对均匀的二分网络,即节点度值分布区间较小.此外,本文还给出了该网络的混合系数计算结果,该结果显示网络同配性与网络参数的选择有关,这一结果与网络邻点平均度的模拟结果一致.

Profile Distributions of Dissolved and Colloidal Phosphorus as Affected by Degree of Phosphorus Saturation in Paddy Soil

Soil dissolved phosphorus (P) and colloidal P mobilization could be closely related to the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS). Effects of a wide range of DPS on the distributions of dissolved P and colloidal P in a paddy soil profile were investigated in this study. Dissolved P and colloidal P in water-dispersible soil colloid suspension increased obviously with increasing DPS. The change point of DPS was at 0.12 by using a split-line model. Above the value, dissolved P (3.1 mg P kg-1 ) in soil profile would increase sharply and then transfer downward. Compared with dissolved P, colloidal P was the dominant fraction (78%-91%) of P in soil colloid suspension, and positively related to DPS without a significant change point. The high release of colloids in subsoils with low DPS was attributed to the low ionic strength and high pH value in subsoils. The DPS also had a significant and positive correlation with electrical conductivity (EC), but it showed a negative correlation with pH value. However, the concentration of colloidal P was not greatly correlated to the pH value, EC and optical density of the soil colloid suspension. The results indicated that DPS was an important factor that may affect the accumulation and mobilization of water-extractable colloidal P and dissolved P.