饱和水介质条件下油页岩热解动力学

利用高压釜反应装置,对柳树河油页岩进行了热压模拟实验研究,考察了饱和水介质条件下油页岩的热解动力学。利用不同温度下热解产物的实验数据,建立了以沥青为中间产物的连串一级反应的动力学模型,得到了相关的动力学参数,结果表明,油母质热解生成热沥青的活化能约为110kJ·mol-1,低于热沥青进一步分解生成页岩油的活化能(约为190kJ·mol-1),说明油母质热解生成热沥青的反应更容易进行。根据实验数据和动力学结果,对油页岩的热解机理和水介质的影响进行了初步探讨。结果表明,在饱和水介质条件下,油页岩的热解温度比无水条件时降低了约120℃。

饱和水介质中石油运移解析模型及结果分析

以石油运移通道几何形状比较规则、渗透率分布比较均匀而且运移通道被水饱和为假设条件，建立了石油运移解析模型，用于在不同运移通道性质条件下，评价运移速度、运移量、运移距离随时间的变化关系。分析计算结果发现，在运移过程中，石油的黏度越大，运移量越小、运移距离越短、运移速度越慢，而且速度的递减也越快；压差越大，石油运移的距离越长、运移量越大，同时运移速度也越快，速度递减缓慢。

饱和水介质在超声作用下氡析出规律研究

本文采用自行设计的氡析出实验装置,开展了不同功率超声作用下的饱和水介质氡析出实验,研究铀矿石破裂前超声声发射与岩石氡异常规律。实验结果显示:超声作用对氡析出有明显影响,且随着超声功率的增加而增大,呈线性趋势。但随着实验时间的推移,氡析出逐渐恢复实验初始水平,超声作用结束30 min后,饱和水试块的氡析出能力相对初始时并没有显著的变化。实验结论为铀矿开采过程中氡的防护提供了理论依据。

污染物在多孔介质饱和水中运移规律的研究

以淮北市萧濉新河为研究对象,进行了河水与地下水原型水质监测,结合现场地质勘探、土工试验和室内土槽试验,获得了大量有价值资料。藉此,论述了萧濉新河污染对浅层地下水的影响程度和范围,揭示了污染物在土壤饱和水中的扩散运移规律。

污染物在多孔介质饱水层中运移规律

针对研究对象,进行了河水与地下水原型水质监测,结合现场地质勘探、土工试验和室内土槽试验,获得了大量有价值资料。藉此,本文论述了河流污染对浅层地下水的影响程度和范围,揭示了污染物在土壤饱和水中的扩散运移规律。

Geoelectric response of porous media in water and grout injection processes

Significant changes in spontaneous potential and exciting currents are observed during water and grout injection in a simulated porous media. Obvious correlations between the seepage flow field and the electric field in the porous media are identified.In this work, a detailed experimental study of geoelectric field variation occurring in water migration was reported by analyzing water and grout injection processes in a simulated porous media. The spontaneous potential varies linearly with the thickness of unsaturated porous media. Very interestingly, the spontaneous potential generated in the second grout injection exhibits some"memory" of previous grouting paths. The decreases in spontaneous potential observed during grout injection is very probably due to that the spontaneous potential variations are primarily caused by electro-filtration potential, as indicated by the far larger viscosity of grout compared to that of water. The geoelectric response can be utilized to effectively identify the grouting paths in water-bearing rocks.

Quantitative Simulation on Soil Moisture Contents of Two Typical Vegetation Communities in Sanjiang Plain,China

Different types of vegetation occupy different geomorphology and water gradient environments in the San- jiang Plain, indicating that the soil moisture dynamics and water balance patterns of the different vegetation communi- ties might differ from each other. In this paper, a lowland system, perpendicular to the Nongjiang River in the Honghe National Nature Reserve （HNNR）, was selected as the study area. The area was occupied by the non-wetland plant forest and the typical wetland plant meadow. The Microsoft Windows-based finite element analysis software package for simulating water, heat, and solute transport in variably saturated porous media （HYDRUS）, which can quantita- tively simulate water, heat, and/or solute movement in variably-saturated porous media, was used to simulate soil moisture dynamics in the root zone （20-40 cm） of those two plant communities during the growing season in 2005. The simulation results for soil moisture were in a good agreement with measured data, with the coefficient of determi- nation （R2） of 0.44-0.69 and root mean square error （RMSE） ranging between 0.0291 cm3/cm3 and 0.0457 cm3/cm3, and index of agreement （d） being from I）.612 to 0.968. During the study period, the volumetric soil moisture content of meadow increased with the depth and its coefficient of variation decreased with the depth （from 20 cm to 40 cm）, while under the forest the soil moisture content at different depths varied irregularly. The calculated result of water budget showed that the water budget deficit of the meadow was higher than that of the forest, suggesting that the meadow is more likely to suffer from water stress than the forest. The quantitative simulation by HYDRUS in this study did not take surface runoff and plant growth processes into account. Improved root water uptake and surface runoff models will be needed for higher accuracy in further researches.

Iterative Method on Well Bore Boundary in Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow

An iterative method was developed for incorporating the well bore boundary into the finite difference model of water flow in variably saturated porous media. Six cases were presented involving groundwater pumping or injection to demonstrate the advantages of the iterative method over the traditional method. For the iterative method, the total flux gradually approached the well discharge and the flux profile was non-uniform. And the iterative method took into account the variation of well bore water table. Compared to the traditional method, the iterative method can simulate the variably saturated flow caused by pumping or injection more realistically.