Changing human-environment interactions in medium mountains:the Apuseni Mts(Romania)as a case study

The study of human-environment relationships in mountain areas is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, as many mountain areas suffer similar problems, such as depopulation, unemployment and natural hazards. Medium mountains constitute a special case within mountains, because they are more populated but less attractive as tourist destinations than high mountains. In this context, the Apuseni Mts （Romania） are considered as a ease study. In this paper, we apply GIS-based, quantitative methods to characterize the strength and dynamics of human-environment interactions, taking into consideration some environmental factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance, lithology, land cover, natural attractions） as well as historical population and recent tourism data. We found that population density has strong （r2〉0.8） relationships with all relief factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance）, and that best-fit functions are nonlinear. We outlined the varying demographic scenarios by elevation zones and interpreted the historically switching sign of population change versus elevation relationship. We demonstrated that lithology also has an impact on the spatial distribution of population, although it is not independent from the relief effect. The land cover of the mainly cultural landscape is very strongly correlated with relief parameters （especially slope）, which suggests good adaptation. We pointed out the dominance of karst objects in the natural tourism potential of the Apuseni Mts and also explored further components of real tourism （spas, heritage, towns）. Finally, we concluded that the environmental settings investigated do in fact constrain the spatial framework of society, but soeio-economic changes in history can be explained from the side of society, which conforms to the theory of cultural possibilism.

Different Characters and Destines of Four Sisters in Little Women

Little Women is a novel published in1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott＇s own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. It is a story about love, faith, fortitude, and devotion. And this paper aims at analyzing the four sisters＇ different characters and destinies and tries to give readers a new understanding about this novel.

On Language, Culture and Diversity in Spain

The Iberian Peninsula was first inhabited by Celts, Iberians, Carthaginians, Romans, Visigoths, and later Berbers. How is it possible that in a spam of only 50 years, the Berbers were able to go pass the Pyrenees and practically ruled what today is Portugal, Spain, and region of France？ This article attempts to uncover the sociological aspects that helped the Berbers and Arabs rule the Iberian Peninsula quite rapidly. It was due to the commonalities and not the differences that Spain＇s political leaders went from Arian Visigoths to Muslims for the next 800 years. Ignacio Olague＇s book La Revoluci6n Isldmica en Occidente （The Islamic Revolution in the West）, also translated as Les Arabes N＇ont Jamais Envahi l＇Espagne （The Arabs Never Invaded Spain）, serves as one instrument to shed light to how this historical event took place. The result of this fusion of cultures not only created a rich civilization that would planted the seeds of the Renaissance three centuries before it began in Italy, but also contributed to the formation of a new language （between 720-750 AD）： El castellano o espahol （Spanish language）, which today is the official language in 21 st countries.

人人都是“马小跳”

经常有同学给我写信，说大人们不理解自己。其实每一位同学都有自己独特的一面，并不是人人都可以生下来就能像大人一样，懂得很多，知道很多。所以，当有一天，你被大人误解，说你淘气、不懂事的时候，可以大声对自己说：

The Empowerment of Elderly People-in South East Asia： The Social Responsibility of the Young Generation in the Region

This paper puts a focus on the empowerment of the elderly people in modern society. The expected increasing of elder population is a reminder of more social responsibility for the younger generation who has to learn a lot from the experiences of elderly people for the society. While it is acknowledged the importance of addressing the increase of aging population issue in other countries, this paper focuses on selected three countries of Myanmar, Malaysia, and Vietnam as the fact that these three countries are economically rapidly developing, and highly expecting the possible aging population issues. This paper briefly highlights the importance of elderly people by discussing on a brief view on elderly population： a reminder of social responsibility of the young generation, understanding the elderly and their experiences of the life, community organizing for empowering the elderly people, the meaningful participation and elderly empowerment, and the implication for social work practice with the elderly.

International School of Egyptology of Adolf Erman

The world admired Ancient Egypt since its conquest by the Roman Empire, For Europe, it was a dreamlike country full of wonders and magic, only in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the romantic interest gave way to serious scientific research. The founders of Egyptology widely known, hut the name of one of them, the German Egyptologist Adolf Erman, is rarely found in modern monographs of Western researches, dedicated to the history of Egypt. At the same time in Russia, where researches in the field of Egyptology have been started only in the late nineteenth century, a special attention was paid to Erman＇s works. The objective of this work was to evaluate the significant contribution of A. Erman to the development of the world and in particular Russian Egyptology. Analysis of Erman＇s, his disciples＇ and followers＇ works showed that he was the founder of the Berlin school of Egyptology which has brought up such famous Egyptologists as L. Borchardt, K. Zeta, H. Muller, G. Roeder, H. Schaefer, G. Shteindorf, and others. His influence went far beyond Germany： Among his students, there were researchers from England, the United States of America, and italy. Erman left a remarkable imprint on Russian Egyptology. B. Turayev and V. Struve were taught by Erman, then they became followers of this science at home; some of their students undertook an internship at Erman＇s school as well. After returning home the Russian researchers created works on the history and culture of ancient Egypt, lecturedon Egyptology in universities. As a result, Russian schools of Egyptology were founded by B. Turayev and V. Struve, the members of which proceeded to work on the history of Egypt and Ancient Orient, transferring their knowledge to the next generation.

第二人称

初次见你，是在饭桌上。 你打扮入时，几乎与这座城市格格不入，却故作成熟，聊着古旧的话题。柔软、风趣、娓娓道来，我喜欢你说话的方式，总能把尖锐的观点，埋藏在跌宕起伏的故事背后。