[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustmen...[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.展开更多
为明确27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田马唐的防除效果,采用田间药效试验方法评价了其在田间的综合表现。结果表明:27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂在使用剂量为405、486、607.5、810 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对供试玉米品种均...为明确27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田马唐的防除效果,采用田间药效试验方法评价了其在田间的综合表现。结果表明:27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂在使用剂量为405、486、607.5、810 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对供试玉米品种均无药害;且对供试玉米田马唐防除效果均较好,药后30 d马唐株防效可达90%以上,鲜重防效达95%以上,优于8%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、38%莠去津悬浮剂、30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂和15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂,建议于杂草分蘖前兑水均匀喷施,推荐使用剂量为486g a.i./hm^(2)。展开更多
【目的】探究马唐对旱直播稻生长和产量性状的影响以及其防治经济阈值,为旱直播稻田马唐的防除提供理论依据。【方法】以常规稻象牙香占为试验材料,设置1 m ^(2)独立池为1个小区,每小区播种旱直播稻32穴。对马唐设置8个不同密度(0(CK),2...【目的】探究马唐对旱直播稻生长和产量性状的影响以及其防治经济阈值,为旱直播稻田马唐的防除提供理论依据。【方法】以常规稻象牙香占为试验材料,设置1 m ^(2)独立池为1个小区,每小区播种旱直播稻32穴。对马唐设置8个不同密度(0(CK),2,4,8,16,32,64和128株/m^(2))处理,将其均匀种植在相邻4株旱直播稻的中心位置,每处理重复3次,随机区组排列,研究马唐密度对旱直播稻分蘖数、株高、田间透光率及产量性状的影响,采用不同回归模型拟合马唐密度(x)与水稻产量损失率(y)间的函数关系,并根据经济危害允许水平计算马唐在旱直播稻田的防治经济阈值。【结果】随着马唐密度的增加,旱直播稻的分蘖数、株高和田间透光率均明显下降;与CK相比,当马唐密度为128株/m^(2)时,旱直播稻播种后60 d的分蘖数减少了83.5%,播种后74 d的株高降低24.4%,播种后75 d的田间透光率(离地75 cm)降低80.91%。马唐对旱直播稻的有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量和产量均可造成影响,当马唐密度为2~128株/m^(2)时,旱直播稻产量损失率为5.95%~90.92%。相关性分析结果表明,马唐密度与旱直播稻的有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量和产量均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。指数函数y=91.7837(1^(-e-0.0525 x))更好地拟合了马唐密度(x)与旱直播稻产量损失率(y)之间的关系。结合不同除草方式的经济危害允许水平,人工防除马唐的经济阈值为3.79株/m^(2),植保无人机和背负式喷雾器喷施10%噁唑酰草胺防治马唐的经济阈值分别为0.63和1.06株/m^(2)。【结论】马唐可通过影响旱直播稻的生长和产量性状导致旱直播稻严重减产,利用植保无人机防治马唐具有明显的经济优势,其防治经济阈值为0.63株/m^(2)。展开更多
Considered as the oldest cereal, fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf.) is grown in West Africa for its therapeutic virtues, its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. It plays an important socio-cultural and economic role ...Considered as the oldest cereal, fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf.) is grown in West Africa for its therapeutic virtues, its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. It plays an important socio-cultural and economic role for the populations of western Burkina Faso. However, very few studies on the genetic diversity of fonio have been carried out. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the diversity of Digitaria exilis in Burkina Faso using agro-morphological descriptors. Thus, 60 accessions of fonio collected from western Burkina Faso were characterized using 21 agro-morphological characters according to an Alpha Latice design with three replications. The study showed morphological variability for most of the qualitative and quantitative characters studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 56.07% of the variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis splits the accessions of the collection into four clusters using seven characters. These characters can constitute basic criteria for differentiating fonio accessions in Burkina Faso. The accessions of Group II have a long cycle and high production of grain, while the accessions of Group IV have a short cycle and low production of grain. The groups identified can serve as a starting point for fonio breeding in Burkina Faso.展开更多
探讨了我国南方红壤上种植牧草马唐施不同量氮肥,施氮量与土壤氨挥发、径流和1 m深土壤淋溶损失氮量的关系。结果表明,在施用N 90、160、230 kg hm-2尿素处理下,土壤氨挥发损失量分别为N0.67、1.24和5.16 kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的0.74%0...探讨了我国南方红壤上种植牧草马唐施不同量氮肥,施氮量与土壤氨挥发、径流和1 m深土壤淋溶损失氮量的关系。结果表明,在施用N 90、160、230 kg hm-2尿素处理下,土壤氨挥发损失量分别为N0.67、1.24和5.16 kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的0.74%0、.77%和2.24%,土壤氨挥发损失量(y)与施氮量(x)呈指数递增关系:y=0.156 3e0.014 6x;径流氮素损失量分别为N 1.05、0.88和1.01 kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的1.17%、0.55%和0.44%,径流损失的氮量与施氮量之间无明显相关性;淋溶损失总氮量为2.05、2.86和4.09kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的0.91%、1.02%和1.24%,土壤淋溶损失总氮量(y)与施氮量(x)呈线性递增关系:y=0.012 2x+1.087 7。展开更多
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project (2023NK4289).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.
文摘为明确27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田马唐的防除效果,采用田间药效试验方法评价了其在田间的综合表现。结果表明:27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂在使用剂量为405、486、607.5、810 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对供试玉米品种均无药害;且对供试玉米田马唐防除效果均较好,药后30 d马唐株防效可达90%以上,鲜重防效达95%以上,优于8%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、38%莠去津悬浮剂、30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂和15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂,建议于杂草分蘖前兑水均匀喷施,推荐使用剂量为486g a.i./hm^(2)。
文摘Considered as the oldest cereal, fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf.) is grown in West Africa for its therapeutic virtues, its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. It plays an important socio-cultural and economic role for the populations of western Burkina Faso. However, very few studies on the genetic diversity of fonio have been carried out. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the diversity of Digitaria exilis in Burkina Faso using agro-morphological descriptors. Thus, 60 accessions of fonio collected from western Burkina Faso were characterized using 21 agro-morphological characters according to an Alpha Latice design with three replications. The study showed morphological variability for most of the qualitative and quantitative characters studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 56.07% of the variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis splits the accessions of the collection into four clusters using seven characters. These characters can constitute basic criteria for differentiating fonio accessions in Burkina Faso. The accessions of Group II have a long cycle and high production of grain, while the accessions of Group IV have a short cycle and low production of grain. The groups identified can serve as a starting point for fonio breeding in Burkina Faso.
文摘探讨了我国南方红壤上种植牧草马唐施不同量氮肥,施氮量与土壤氨挥发、径流和1 m深土壤淋溶损失氮量的关系。结果表明,在施用N 90、160、230 kg hm-2尿素处理下,土壤氨挥发损失量分别为N0.67、1.24和5.16 kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的0.74%0、.77%和2.24%,土壤氨挥发损失量(y)与施氮量(x)呈指数递增关系:y=0.156 3e0.014 6x;径流氮素损失量分别为N 1.05、0.88和1.01 kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的1.17%、0.55%和0.44%,径流损失的氮量与施氮量之间无明显相关性;淋溶损失总氮量为2.05、2.86和4.09kg hm-2,分别占施氮量的0.91%、1.02%和1.24%,土壤淋溶损失总氮量(y)与施氮量(x)呈线性递增关系:y=0.012 2x+1.087 7。
