strains of Metarhizium were cultivated in submerged culture. The results indicated that the submerged conidia could be produced by means of microcyclic sporogenesis for some strains of Metarhizium, but perhaps , the o...strains of Metarhizium were cultivated in submerged culture. The results indicated that the submerged conidia could be produced by means of microcyclic sporogenesis for some strains of Metarhizium, but perhaps , the occurrence of microcyclic sporogenesis depended on the nature of strains. Submerged sporulation of M337 strain was emphatically observed in the media containing different nutrient elements. The results showed that the submerged sporulation depended on a delicate equilibrium in the composition of the medium. Various carbon and nitrogen sources affected the production of submerged conidia greatly. Sucrose, soluble starch and lactose were effective for sporulation of submerged conidia. Peanut cake powder, yeast extract and peptone were ideal nitrogen sources for submerged sporulation. The influence of trace elements on submerged sporulation was most spectacular. Molybdenum was the most important element. Zinc was stimulatory. When all 6 elements (B,Cu,Fe,Mn,Mo,Zn) were added together, it yielded highest production of submerged conidia. Vitamins affected submerged sporulation significantly. VB 6+VH and compound vitamin B were more effective for producing submerged conidia. In addition, the infectivity of submerged conidia of M337 strain was tested in laboratory, which showed higher virulent to the 3rd～4th instar larvae of Dendrolimus punctatus. From experiment results, we can appreciate the fact of worth while making a thorough study on production of conidia of Metarhizium cultivated in submerse fermentation.展开更多
Dynamic quantitative assessment of soil organic C and N is an available approach to understand the exact impact of land management on soils fertility. In this study the biomass of plants and content of soil organic C ...Dynamic quantitative assessment of soil organic C and N is an available approach to understand the exact impact of land management on soils fertility. In this study the biomass of plants and content of soil organic C and N were compared in four typical land use systems which were planted with Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco.), and Masson pine (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) during 10 years in south China. Although biomass of plants in these four land use systems was nearly at the same level in the former investigation, total biomass for Ryegrass (RG), Bahiagrass (BG) was 3.68 and 3.75 times higher than that for Citrus (CT), and 2.06 and 2.14 times higher than that for Masson pine (MP) over 10 years of cultivation, respectively. Especially, underground total biomass for both RG and BG was over 10 times larger than that for CT and MP, indicating that forage grasses was much more beneficial to increase organic C and N storage in soils than CT and MP. The change content of soil organic C and N mainly occurred within soil depth of the 0–40 cm. The increased content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was for 1.5 t·hm?2 and 0.2 t·hm?2 in the soil with planting RG and BG, and was for 1.2 t·hm?2 and 0.02 t·hm?2 in the soil with planting CT. An average loss was for 0.4 t·hm?2 and 0.04 t·hm?2 in the soil with planting MP during 10-year period. Keywords Soil organic carbon - Soil organic nitrogen - Dynamic change - Land use - Quantitative assessment CLC number S153.61 Document code A Foundation item: This research was partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30100144), and by Scientific Committee of Shenyang City (1011501900).Biography: WANG Xiao-ju (1967-), mail, Ph.D. Researcher in Center for Environmental Science in Saitama. Saitama Prefecture 347 0115, Japan.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong展开更多
利用CART(classification and regression tree,分类和回归树)生态位模型,采用A2和B2气候情景,分析了气候变化对秦岭冷杉、祁连圆柏、楠木、麦吊云杉、马尾树、领春木和连香树分布范围及空间格局的影响。结果显示:气候变化下,这些植物...利用CART(classification and regression tree,分类和回归树)生态位模型,采用A2和B2气候情景,分析了气候变化对秦岭冷杉、祁连圆柏、楠木、麦吊云杉、马尾树、领春木和连香树分布范围及空间格局的影响。结果显示:气候变化下,这些植物目前适宜分布范围呈现缩小趋势;新适宜及总适宜分布范围,连香树、马尾树、楠木和祁连圆柏呈现减少趋势,秦岭冷杉在1991-2020年及2021-2050年时段呈现减少趋势,之后增加,其它植物呈现增加趋势。气候变化下,马尾树目前适宜分布的东南部一些区域将不再适宜,新适宜分布区将向西南、北部、西部和东北部一些区域扩展;秦岭冷杉目前适宜分布的东南部和东部一些区域将不再适宜,新适宜分布区将向西南部、西北部和西部一些区域扩展;其它植物目前适宜分布的东部、东南部、南部及东北部一些区域将不再适宜,新适宜分布区将向西部和西南部一些区域扩展。气候变化下,这些植物适宜分布范围与年均气温和降水量变化相关性并不一致,一些植物适宜分布范围与年均气温和降水量变化相关系数不显著。另外,一些植物适宜范围与年降水量和年均气温变化多元线性回归关系决定系数较小。结果说明,气候变化下,目前适宜范围缩小,新适宜范围主要向高海拔扩展,不同植物适宜分布范围与年均气温和年降水量变化的关系不同。展开更多
文摘strains of Metarhizium were cultivated in submerged culture. The results indicated that the submerged conidia could be produced by means of microcyclic sporogenesis for some strains of Metarhizium, but perhaps , the occurrence of microcyclic sporogenesis depended on the nature of strains. Submerged sporulation of M337 strain was emphatically observed in the media containing different nutrient elements. The results showed that the submerged sporulation depended on a delicate equilibrium in the composition of the medium. Various carbon and nitrogen sources affected the production of submerged conidia greatly. Sucrose, soluble starch and lactose were effective for sporulation of submerged conidia. Peanut cake powder, yeast extract and peptone were ideal nitrogen sources for submerged sporulation. The influence of trace elements on submerged sporulation was most spectacular. Molybdenum was the most important element. Zinc was stimulatory. When all 6 elements (B,Cu,Fe,Mn,Mo,Zn) were added together, it yielded highest production of submerged conidia. Vitamins affected submerged sporulation significantly. VB 6+VH and compound vitamin B were more effective for producing submerged conidia. In addition, the infectivity of submerged conidia of M337 strain was tested in laboratory, which showed higher virulent to the 3rd～4th instar larvae of Dendrolimus punctatus. From experiment results, we can appreciate the fact of worth while making a thorough study on production of conidia of Metarhizium cultivated in submerse fermentation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (30100144) and by Scientific Committee of Shenyang City (1011501900).
文摘Dynamic quantitative assessment of soil organic C and N is an available approach to understand the exact impact of land management on soils fertility. In this study the biomass of plants and content of soil organic C and N were compared in four typical land use systems which were planted with Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco.), and Masson pine (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) during 10 years in south China. Although biomass of plants in these four land use systems was nearly at the same level in the former investigation, total biomass for Ryegrass (RG), Bahiagrass (BG) was 3.68 and 3.75 times higher than that for Citrus (CT), and 2.06 and 2.14 times higher than that for Masson pine (MP) over 10 years of cultivation, respectively. Especially, underground total biomass for both RG and BG was over 10 times larger than that for CT and MP, indicating that forage grasses was much more beneficial to increase organic C and N storage in soils than CT and MP. The change content of soil organic C and N mainly occurred within soil depth of the 0–40 cm. The increased content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was for 1.5 t·hm?2 and 0.2 t·hm?2 in the soil with planting RG and BG, and was for 1.2 t·hm?2 and 0.02 t·hm?2 in the soil with planting CT. An average loss was for 0.4 t·hm?2 and 0.04 t·hm?2 in the soil with planting MP during 10-year period. Keywords Soil organic carbon - Soil organic nitrogen - Dynamic change - Land use - Quantitative assessment CLC number S153.61 Document code A Foundation item: This research was partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30100144), and by Scientific Committee of Shenyang City (1011501900).Biography: WANG Xiao-ju (1967-), mail, Ph.D. Researcher in Center for Environmental Science in Saitama. Saitama Prefecture 347 0115, Japan.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong
文摘利用CART(classification and regression tree,分类和回归树)生态位模型,采用A2和B2气候情景,分析了气候变化对秦岭冷杉、祁连圆柏、楠木、麦吊云杉、马尾树、领春木和连香树分布范围及空间格局的影响。结果显示:气候变化下,这些植物目前适宜分布范围呈现缩小趋势;新适宜及总适宜分布范围,连香树、马尾树、楠木和祁连圆柏呈现减少趋势,秦岭冷杉在1991-2020年及2021-2050年时段呈现减少趋势,之后增加,其它植物呈现增加趋势。气候变化下,马尾树目前适宜分布的东南部一些区域将不再适宜,新适宜分布区将向西南、北部、西部和东北部一些区域扩展;秦岭冷杉目前适宜分布的东南部和东部一些区域将不再适宜,新适宜分布区将向西南部、西北部和西部一些区域扩展;其它植物目前适宜分布的东部、东南部、南部及东北部一些区域将不再适宜,新适宜分布区将向西部和西南部一些区域扩展。气候变化下,这些植物适宜分布范围与年均气温和降水量变化相关性并不一致,一些植物适宜分布范围与年均气温和降水量变化相关系数不显著。另外,一些植物适宜范围与年降水量和年均气温变化多元线性回归关系决定系数较小。结果说明,气候变化下,目前适宜范围缩小,新适宜范围主要向高海拔扩展,不同植物适宜分布范围与年均气温和年降水量变化的关系不同。
