马尿花的生药学研究

目的:为开发利用水鳖科植物水鳖HydrocharisasiaticMaiq.的全草提供理论依据。方法:采用来源鉴定、性状鉴定、显微及理化鉴定的方法作生药学的初步研究。结果:表明其主要成分为氨基酸、皂苷、多糖、还原糖、有机酸、黄酮、内酯、香豆素及其苷类、甾醇、三萜、挥发油等。其粉末主要显微组织特征为薄壁细胞壁呈波状弯曲,可见粘液细胞,粘液细胞长圆形或类圆形,内含淡黄色或黄棕色粘液汁。大型导管为螺纹导管。分泌管黄棕色,呈长条形或团块状,内含颗粒状分泌物。叶表皮细胞类多角形,气孔不定式。结论:为深入研究和开发利用该药资源提供一些理论依据。

Floral Organogenesis and Development of Two Taxa in Tribe Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae)-Przewalskia tangutica and Hyoscyamus niger

Floral organogenesis and development of Przewalskia tangutica Maxim. endemic to China and Hyoscyamus niger L., which belong to the tribe Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae), were studied using scanning electron microscope. They have three common characters of floral organ initiation and development: 1) initiation of the floral organs in the two species follows Hofmeister's rule; 2) the mode of corolla tube development belongs to the 'late sympetaly' type; 3) primordia of the floral appendages initiated in a pentamerous pattern and acropetal order. But initiation of the calyx-lobe primordia showed different modes in these two species. The calyx-lobe primordia of H. niger have simultaneously whorled initiation, while those of P. tangutica have helical initiation, but the five calyx-lobe primordia form a ring after all five calyx-lobe primordia occur. The systematic significance of the present results in the genera Hyoscyamus and Przewalskia is discussed in this paper.