This study utilized two forecasting methods including ARFIMA （p, d, q）-GARCH （p, d, q）, and extreme value techniques. One of the puzzling questions raised by evolutionary econometric theory is how two-way behavior...This study utilized two forecasting methods including ARFIMA （p, d, q）-GARCH （p, d, q）, and extreme value techniques. One of the puzzling questions raised by evolutionary econometric theory is how two-way behavior is evaluated in two ways, which benefits the investors of the securities, traded on a stock exchange. For the purpose of this study, intra-day secondary data during period of 1997-2010 of the stock-market returns of Bangkok SET （Stock Exchange of Thailand） Index （Thailand） and Kuala Lumpur Composite Index （Malaysia） were collected. For the new perspective framework, the expected values were conducted using ARFIMA （p, d, q）-GARCH （p, q） forecasting method and Generalize Extreme Value （GEV） to confirm the final solutions. The Value-at-Risk （VaR） of those stock-market returns was tested. The new perspective framework of expected value confirmed that ARFIMA （1, 0.29, 1）-GARCH （1, 1） was the best forecasting method for VaR in case of the Kuala Lumpur Composite stock-market returns based on MAPE （%）. And the perspective based on extreme case confirmed that Generalize Extreme Value （GEV） as F= （x,μ,σ,ξ）： F = （x, 0.00616, 0.00573, 0.36900） was the best forecasting method for VaR in case of the Bangkok SET stock-market returns based on MAPE （%）.展开更多
Green infrastructure is classic public goods which can be utilized by everybody simultaneously atany time of the day. Green infrastructure which is the interconnected system of green spaces that conservesnatural ecosy...Green infrastructure is classic public goods which can be utilized by everybody simultaneously atany time of the day. Green infrastructure which is the interconnected system of green spaces that conservesnatural ecosystem values and functions, sustains clean air and water, not only provide a pleasant and naturalenvironment but also contribute to improving quality of life in urban areas. In other words green infrastructureis the communitys natural life support system and the ecological framework needed for environmental andeconomic sustainability in urban areas. Within this context, this paper offers an overview of green infrastructuredevelopment in Malaysia, its status, constraint, potential and future directions. The case study of KualaLumpur city, which is one of the fastest growing cities in the country, highlights the scenario of urban areasdevelopment in Malaysia. This includes the role played by the government agencies and non-governmentorganizations in developing and promoting forest areas as public parks. The provisions of recreational andeducational facilities in the parks as well as the protection measures of the resources undertaken by relevantauthorities are also discussed. This paper also highlights the response of the public to the opportunities beingprovided in these areas for recreation and education purposes.展开更多
文摘This study utilized two forecasting methods including ARFIMA （p, d, q）-GARCH （p, d, q）, and extreme value techniques. One of the puzzling questions raised by evolutionary econometric theory is how two-way behavior is evaluated in two ways, which benefits the investors of the securities, traded on a stock exchange. For the purpose of this study, intra-day secondary data during period of 1997-2010 of the stock-market returns of Bangkok SET （Stock Exchange of Thailand） Index （Thailand） and Kuala Lumpur Composite Index （Malaysia） were collected. For the new perspective framework, the expected values were conducted using ARFIMA （p, d, q）-GARCH （p, q） forecasting method and Generalize Extreme Value （GEV） to confirm the final solutions. The Value-at-Risk （VaR） of those stock-market returns was tested. The new perspective framework of expected value confirmed that ARFIMA （1, 0.29, 1）-GARCH （1, 1） was the best forecasting method for VaR in case of the Kuala Lumpur Composite stock-market returns based on MAPE （%）. And the perspective based on extreme case confirmed that Generalize Extreme Value （GEV） as F= （x,μ,σ,ξ）： F = （x, 0.00616, 0.00573, 0.36900） was the best forecasting method for VaR in case of the Bangkok SET stock-market returns based on MAPE （%）.
文摘Green infrastructure is classic public goods which can be utilized by everybody simultaneously atany time of the day. Green infrastructure which is the interconnected system of green spaces that conservesnatural ecosystem values and functions, sustains clean air and water, not only provide a pleasant and naturalenvironment but also contribute to improving quality of life in urban areas. In other words green infrastructureis the communitys natural life support system and the ecological framework needed for environmental andeconomic sustainability in urban areas. Within this context, this paper offers an overview of green infrastructuredevelopment in Malaysia, its status, constraint, potential and future directions. The case study of KualaLumpur city, which is one of the fastest growing cities in the country, highlights the scenario of urban areasdevelopment in Malaysia. This includes the role played by the government agencies and non-governmentorganizations in developing and promoting forest areas as public parks. The provisions of recreational andeducational facilities in the parks as well as the protection measures of the resources undertaken by relevantauthorities are also discussed. This paper also highlights the response of the public to the opportunities beingprovided in these areas for recreation and education purposes.
