鸡马立可氏病的诊断和免疫接种

鸡马立克氏病是由疱疹病毒引起的一种淋巴组织增生性疾病，预防不当，会给养鸡业带来严重危害。该病主要侵害鸡，主要特征为：外周神经受到侵害时，可使一个或两个肢体麻痹；内脏受到侵害时，性腺、肝、肾、心、肺和皮肤不同程度出现病变，内脏常出现肿瘤快，6～8周后的鸡群发病率可达到50％。

“立刻”和“马上”的功能差异

"立刻"和"马上"是现代汉语中使用频率非常高的一组时间副词,二者在时间意义的表达上有相当多的共性,但在句法功能、语义功能、语用功能等方面仍存在细微差异。

Construction of Efficient Multiple Planting Patterns of Potato for Tridimensional Climate in Subtropical Region of China

[Objective] The aim was to make full use of light-heat resources to expand the potato planting area on the base of ensuring the production of main grain crops and the limited arable land. [Methods] Through catch crops, multiple cropping and intercropping, new multiple planting patterns of potato with efficiency are constructed, for the purpose of increasing yield and benefit of potato. [Result] In irrigated plain and hill area, three new planting patterns such as autumn potato/rope-rice,winter potato-rice-autumn potato, and autumn（winter） potato-rice were constructed.In dry land of plain and hill area, three new planting patterns such as spring（winter）potato/maize/sweet potato, spring（winter） potato/maize-autumn potato, and wheat ＋ winter potato/maize/sweet potato were constructed. In plateau mountainous area, spring potato/maize was constructed. [Conclusion] With use of new planting patterns, the cropping index of new patterns was 200%-300%, while the accumulated temperature utilization was 68.9%-93.4%, light energy utilization was 0.98%-1.59% and straw utilization was 50%-100%. To compared with traditional planting patterns, the yield increased by 2.6%-93%, and benefit increased by 15.8%-284.3%. Furthermore,multiple planting patterns of potato have become main planting patterns in increasing yield and income in Sichuan.

Prime-Composition Approach to Ramanujan-Fourier Transform Computation

Ramanujan sums （RS） and their Fourier transforms have attracted more and more attention in signal processing in recent years. Due to their non-periodic and non-uniform spectrum, RS are widely used in low-frequency noise processing, Doppler spectrum estimation and time-frequency analysis. However, the traditional method for calculating RS values is rather complex since it requires two numbers＇ factorization in two arithmetic functions. For a length-n vector, its Ramanujan-Fourier transform usually involves a series of RS values which will occupy O（n2） memory units. Thus, in this paper an approach based on prime-composition is proposed to reduce the complexity of RS calculation to O（n）. Meanwhile, the complexity of Ramanujan-Fourier transform can be further reduced from O（n2） to O（n In（In（n））） .

Theoretical generalization of Markov chain random field from potential function perspective

The inner relationship between Markov random field(MRF) and Markov chain random field(MCRF) is discussed. MCRF is a special MRF for dealing with high-order interactions of sparse data. It consists of a single spatial Markov chain(SMC) that can move in the whole space. Generally, the theoretical backbone of MCRF is conditional independence assumption, which is a way around the problem of knowing joint probabilities of multi-points. This so-called Naive Bayes assumption should not be taken lightly and should be checked whenever possible because it is mathematically difficult to prove. Rather than trap in this independence proving, an appropriate potential function in MRF theory is chosen instead. The MCRF formulas are well deduced and the joint probability of MRF is presented by localization approach, so that the complicated parameter estimation algorithm and iteration process can be avoided. The MCRF model is then applied to the lithofacies identification of a region and compared with triplex Markov chain(TMC) simulation. Analyses show that the MCRF model will not cause underestimation problem and can better reflect the geological sedimentation process.

Household Income and Expenditure Relationships： A Simultaneous Equation Approach

Income and expenditure are highlighted in this study as they currently affect the quality of life of the Malaysian society. In the Ninth Malaysia Plan （2006-2010） poverty eradication was emphasized as one of the socio-economic targets to uplift those poor households from the fast moving modern sectors of the economy. The primary objective of this paper is therefore to identify income and expenditure relationships among the households of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the current economic downturn. Attempts to analyze household consumption as a share of total income and to identify factors contributing to household income and expenditure have become a topic of interest in literature. A substantial portion of household income devoted to productive loans characterizes the majority of Malaysians as the economy progresses to a more advance stage. A significant and strong relationship between income and types of household expenditure is explored from the socio-economic perspectives. Using primary data a system of simultaneous equations, namely the two stage least squares （2SLS） was applied. This paper identifies crucial variables associated with the income and expenditure. Some of these variables showing high correlation with the total expenditure are the housing loan, automobile loan and educational expenditure.

Spatio-temporal Rainfall Distribution and Markov Chain Analogue Year Stochastic Daily Rainfall Model in Ethiopia

This paper aims at the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia and developing stochastic daily rainfall model.Particularly,in this study,we used a Markov Chain Analogue Year(MCAY)model that is,Markov Chain with Analogue year(AY)component is used to model the occurrence process of daily rainfall and the intensity or amount of rainfall on wet days is described using Weibull,Log normal,mixed exponential and Gamma distributions.The MCAY model best describes the occurrence process of daily rainfall,this is due to the AY component included in the MC to model the frequency of daily rainfall.Then,by combining the occurrence process model and amount process model,we developed Markov Chain Analogue Year Weibull model(MCAYWBM),Markov Chain Analogue Year Log normal model(MCAYLNM),Markov Chain Analogue Year mixed exponential model(MCAYMEM)and Markov Chain Analogue Year gamma model(MCAYGM).The performance of the models is assessed by taking daily rainfall data from 21 weather stations(ranging from 1 January 1984–31 December 2018).The data is obtained from Ethiopia National Meteorology Agency(ENMA).The result shows that MCAYWBM,MCAYMEM and MCAYGM performs very well in the simulation of daily rainfall process in Ethiopia and their performances are nearly the same with a slight difference between them compared to MCAYLNM.The mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)in the four models:MCAYGM,MCAYWBM,MAYMEM and MCAYLNM are 2.16%,2.27%,2.25%and 11.41%respectively.Hence,MCAYGM,MCAYWBM,MAYMEM models have shown an excellent performance compared to MCAYLNM.In general,the light tailed distributions:Weibull,gamma and mixed exponential distributions are appropriate probability distributions to model the intensity of daily rainfall in Ethiopia especially,when these distributions are combined with MCAYM.