浅谈马经济与马产业

作者通过系列专访阐述马产业与经济的发展前景:从转变只买肉马的理念,策格能成为牧民收入好来源,赛马奖金收入逐年提高,种公马交易持续增加,赛马博彩业发展是必然趋势,参与旅游是稳定的增收渠道,马鬃马尾加工前景光明,马具需求持续增加等,来逐一阐述马匹本身创造的经济效益和社会效益。

茶马互市经济视域下的湟源新学诗

晚清及民国时期,湟源在茶马互市经济中占据重要地位,并保障了当地教育水平的提高。湟源新学诗与地方经济发展及教育之间具有内在的联系。由于社会发展,新学诗在不同层面上反映了这种社会变化,从一个微小的侧面印证了中国诗歌从古典向现代流变的内部变化。

古彝扯勒部在滇黔川活动的历史轨迹

彝族六祖第四支系古侯氏分支的扯勒部,从西南夷君长到土司的上千年历史,有着完整的谱系传承,以静态连接活态,至今还可反推上溯,以印证文献中父子连名谱这种特殊谱牒的典型记录。作为西南地方民族政权的曾经存在,其以"则溪"制管理社会,尤其以盐茶马经济的纽带维系和巩固着对国家的认同,其非物质特色文化遗产至今仍可供发掘利用。

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL CONVERGENCE AT COUNTY LEVEL IN JIANGSU

The dynamics of regional convergence include spatial and temporal dimensions. Spatial Markov chain can be used to explore how regions evolve by considering both individual regions and their geographic neighbors. Based on per capita GDP data set of 77 counties from 1978 to 2000, this paper attempts to investigate the spatial-temporal dynamics of regional convergence in Jiangsu. First, traditional Markov matrix for five per capita GDP classes is constructed for later comparison. Moreover, each region’s spatial lag is derived by averaging all its neighbors’ per capita GDP data. Conditioning on per capita GDP class of its spatial lag at the beginning of each year, spatial Markov transition probabilities of each region are calculated accordingly. Quantitatively, for a poor region, the probability of moving upward is 3.3% if it is surrounded by its poor neighbors, and even increases to 18.4% if it is surrounded by its rich neighbors, but it goes down to 6.2% on average if ignoring regional context. For a rich region, the probability of moving down ward is 1.2% if it is surrounded by its rich neighbors, but increases to 3.0% if it is surrounded by its poor neighbors, and averages 1.5% irrespective of regional context. Spatial analysis of regional GDP class transitions indicates those 10 upward moves of both regions and their neighbors are unexceptionally located in the southern Jiangsu, while downward moves of regions or their neighbors are almost in the northern Jiangsu. These empirical results provide a spatial explanation to the "convergence clubs" detected by traditional Markov chain.

Economic Feasibility of Simultaneous Production of Pine Sawlogs and Meat Goats on Small-Sized Farms in Alabama

The objective of this study were to conduct economic evaluations of silvopasture farming system to enable landowners, extension personnel, and other decision makers to correctly assess its potential among the many land-use options; and to determine the most profitable animal stocking rate on small farms in Alabama. The analysis draws on data from a silvopastoral experiment conducted in the Alabama Black Belt region, on the property of the Federation of Southern Cooperatives in Epes, Alabama, between June 2006 and July 2010. Economic and financial ratio analyses were used to compare profitability, management feasibility, and risk considerations of simultaneous production of pine sawlogs and meat goats on small-sized farms in Alabama. The results suggest that silvopasture technology is profitable and financially feasible under specified assumptions. The Net Present Value model suggested that investing in silvopasture system would be considered acceptable at the 6 percent discount rate at a high stocking rate of 8 meat goats per acre. These findings were reaffirmed by the financial feasibility analysis.

Mutual promotion between culture and economy： A viewpoint from Sinicization of Marxism culture theory

It is impossible to realize the modernization of China without cultural construction. According to the fundamental principles of historic materialism, this paper discusses the relationships between culture and economy in the Chinese socialist construction.

The Risk Management of Companies From Timis County Involved in International Business

Rapid internationalization of economic activities following the Second World War has generated an unprecedented increase in international trade and capital flows. For example, only during 1963-1993, exports rose from 157 billion to 3.774 billion dollars. Also the flows of foreign direct investment （FDI） have grown exponentially. Although FDI flows are concentrated on developing countries, 80% being targeted towards 10 countries, capital flows towards the Third World have quadrupled only between 1990 and 1993. This trend towards a truly international economy influences also on how companies do business. International business environment provides many opportunities, as well as threats. Romanian companies need to align to this trend. In addition to identifying new opportunities to do business in foreign markets, they have to deal with specific risks, which they did not have to face when working internally. In this context, we consider necessary to launch an investigation, whose main objective would be analyzing the manner in which Romanian companies manage risks specific to international economic affairs. As the complexity of these businesses is great, and the majority of Romanian companies, in their attempt to internationalize, use classical forms of export-import, the analysis took into account only the export activity undertaken by Romanian companies. We mention that we did not take into account the determination of the exposure to these risks of the companies concerned, but an analysis of the management of those risks. For this analysis, data were collected based on the administration of a questionnaire, and these data were used to develop an econometric model analysis. The specific methods of risk analysis of specific export transactions are then interpreted using the GLOBE model.

The outline on Ecological Marxism Economics

Ecological Marxism Economics is a new economics formation of Marxism. The article, for the first time, putsforward the scientific proposition of establishing Ecological Marxism Economics with distinct Chinese characteristics,and has primarily discussed its theoretic frame and basic contents. Realizing the historic task is the historic mission ofcontemporary Chinese Marxism economists.

Embedding Economic Excellence： A Transformational Definition of ＂Corporate Governance＂ for Malaysia

The Malaysian government has carefully crafted policies to ensure that the nation achieves its aspirational goal to become a developed nation by 2020. Crucial for which is the success of the Securities Commission＇s ＂Corporate Governance Blueprint 2011＂ and ＂Capital Market Master Plan 2＂ designed to provide a business environment which attracts investment and talent. Somewhat overlooked in these otherwise robust policy shifts has been a critical critique of the definition, nature, and purpose of corporate governance itself. Recognizing this oversight, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, Malaysia＇s Deputy Prime Minister, has directed that the definition of corporate governance be rejuvenated for the 21st century. This paper looks to answer that challenge by recommending the following transformational definition for corporate governance： ＂the proactive implementation of accountable ethical processes, procedures, and policies that inspires innovative aspirational economic activity to produce sustainable wealth and prosperity for shareholders, stakeholders, and society＂.

Temple of Diana in Timacum Minus and Some Aspects of Cult of Diana in Territory of Serbia

Three votive monuments dedicated to the cult of Diana have been identified to date in the territory of Roman Municipium Timacum Minus. Two of them are related to erection and restoration of the temple of Diana. According to onomastic formulae of the dedicants’ names, the first monument may be dated into the period of Emperor Hadrian’s rule or immediately after it, and the other into the period of the reign of Marcus Aurelius or directly following it. The main methodological approach in this paper was researching Diana’s cult in general, and then also examining analogies to votive monuments from Timacum Minus in the territory of Serbia. Even though there have been only five such monuments identified to date, analogies show that it was already in 2nd century that the influence of Romanisation in the territory of Serbia was well under way, and that in worshipping Diana, her companions the nymphs, and Apollo-Diana-Silvanus, it was indeed Roman deities that were being worshipped and not interpretatio Romana of indigenous deities. Socio-economic position of the dedicants indicates that they belonged to middle or upper social strata （legatus legionis VII Claudiae piae fidelis, duumvir, pontifex, eques Romanus）.

Affects of Marshall Plan on Turkish Economy

Marshall Plan is an important declaration that dominated world economy and politics after the World War II. It is also evidence that policy of the United States of America to make for its internal politics between two world wars was abandoned and it was intended to dominate world politics. Likewise, it can be considered as the smoking gun for power loss of continental Europe, including England, against the Soviet Union. When Turkey had to find its way into Western alliance in this new period divided into two poles and called as ＂Cold War＂, it intended to enter into economic acquis formed by Marshall Plan. Turkey, in the process to prevent the spread of communism against the Soviet Union that started mainly by Truman Doctrine, was of the first priority status by the USA just like Greece. It can be said that Turkish economy made an important progress to move into liberal system from its statist structure through Marshall Plan. Accession process to European Union integration mandated by the USA was started by Republican People＇s Party （CHP） and it was also continued in Democratic Party period with liberal program that took over the power as a result of elections in Turkey. Although Marshall Plan created economic added value in Turkey at the beginning, it could not create a sustainable welfare process as consultants coming from the USA had insisted on unilateral economic policies and Turkey was directed towards military spending due to being seen mainly as a buffer state against the Soviet Union and Middle East. It can be also said that arrangements arising from double standards in the application compared to European countries caused economic instabilities in the long run.

Entrepreneurship and Growth in Emerging Mini-dragon Economies： A South-East Asia Perspective

Entrepreneurship and growth are driving forces in the development of emerging economic systems. In this exploratory study we discuss emerging economies within a South-East Asia context. In particular, we expand on a previous study on the East Asian Tiger economies, and introduce the mini-dragon economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines. We explore the role of various economic indicators and indices entrepreneurship and SMEs as drivers of growth in these emerging economies. Growth factors unique to the region are also identified, and institutional and government interventions are recommended. Furthermore, we elaborate on the interdependence of the entire region on each of the mini-dragon economies. Since we have highlighted only a few of the emerging economies in the region, opportunities exist to expand the base for further study

Enter a City Gallant-Clowns in the Jacobean Theater

Economic growth and social stability in the late sixteenth century brought unprecedented prosperity to the city of London. As Thomas Platter observed in 1599, most of the inhabitants were employed in commerce, and merchants accumulated their wealth. After his accession to the throne, King James generously distributed honors to wealthy merchants and others. Titles became a salable commodity. The sale of honors impaired respect for the titles and aroused bitter feelings and contempt for knighthood and baronetage among citizens. Gentlemen and ladies who suddenly rose to dignity tried to act suitably in their new status and dressed themselves up; yet they often became the subject for laughter. These upstarts were represented in contemporary dramas as ridiculous, contemptuous, and ill-mannered. The fancifully-dressed “city clowns” who came into being in the first decades of the seventeenth century, were found not only on stage but also in and outside of theaters.

Study of dynamic economic system with aftereffects

Economic system has phase characteristics during its developments, and certain decisions must be made during each stage, thus forming a multi-stage dynamic decision making economic system. As to this system, previous decisions have some aftereffects on its future developments, which has fundamentally contradicts the presupposition of programming methodology in Operation Research. In order to solve the problems arising from optimized theory research about the economic system, this paper defines the concept of dynamic system with aftereffects, points out the difference between its aftereffects and those of traditional stochastic processes, studies how the past decision effects on the value of optimal utility function, and gives an example on this base to illustrate its application in exploitation of oilfield.

IC Reporting in Traditional Sectors of Malaysian Public Listed Firms

One of the significant effects of the knowledge economy is the introduction of new business models with resulting creation of intangible resources represented by intellectual assets. In spite of its clear contribution to a firm＇s sustainability of performance, recognition of these intellectual assets in the financial statements do not correspond with their significance as they have to rigid criteria set by conventional accounting standards. This study seeks to assess the level of intellectual capital （IC） resources reported in Malaysian companies in the traditional sectors of the economy and examine their reporting trends in the annual reports of these companies from years 2003 and 2008 Data was collected from companies listed in the main board of Malaysia Stock Exchange （or Bursa Malaysia） and content analysis was applied. Results show that the extent of IC reporting in the annual accounts of listed companies in traditional sectors is slightly above average.

The theory and practice of Socialist economic

The Development of the theory and practice of Chinese socialist economic not only adheres to the some fundamental principles of Marxist economic theory, such as socialism must vigorously develop the productive forces; set the purpose for everyone＇ s prosperity ;implement public ownership; distribute according to work; reduce and eventually eliminate urban-rural divide, physical brain differences; achieve the freedom and comprehensive development. And from China ＇ s national conditions, we should combine the Marxism with China ＇ s economic practice, develop and innovate Marxist economic theory of the founder of scientific socialism, blaze a new road of economic theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Economic theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics established through continuous exploration and development on the basis of summing up success and failure in the socialist economic practice at home and abroad.

The Modem Reading on Thought of Marxist Ecological Civilization in 〈The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844〉

In〈The economic and philosophical manuscripts in 1844〉 （be called manuscripts for short）, Marx deeply criticized alienation of relationship between human and nature by alienated labor concept. The criticism pointed out the way for the solution of the ecological problems and showed the seeds of ecological civilization. The paper reveals the ontology about ecological civilization and generation and elimination of crisis through analyzing the Marxist thought of ecological civilization in manuscripts. The paper believes that Marxist thought of ecological civilization may enlighten us to carry forward and develop it with guidance, sense and theory. We sincerely expect that the thought of ecological civilization will be rooted in the hearts of the people deeply by means of the rise of ＂green＂ concept and the education of ecological ethics. The paper has important theoretical and practical value on deeply understanding the relationship between human and nature with scientific development angle of view, conquering the ecological crisis of globalization scientifically and building and developing ecological civilization of Chinese characteristic socialism energetically.

The Influence of the Foreign Companies in Developing the Technological Absorption Capacity of the Romanian Economy During the Current Financial Crisis

Creating companies abroad, in ex-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, has experienced a strong progression, following the amplification process of globalization of world markets, intensification of international trade and technological development. We are witnessing a regional disparity regarding the volume of foreign investments in this area, which is due to the difference of attractiveness of host countries economy. The attractiveness of these economies is conditioned, in its turn, by the importance of economic factors and the quality of existing infrastructures, which is at their turn facing an increasing complexity of technology. Business relocation of foreign investors is influenced also by the institutional environment, because foreign investors hope to capitalize on the collateral effects offered by the investment environment in the host country, such as research laboratories and existing infrastructure, without neglecting the benefits of a highly qualified workforce at reduced costs, some geopolitical advantages, etc.. After EU accession, the attractiveness index of business environment in Romania has increased from （-59%） in 2005 to 66% （2008）, and Romania was considered among the most attractive economies in Central and Eastern Europe, along with Russia where the attractiveness index increased from 63% （2007） to 72% （2008） and Ukraine which has seen an increase in the attractiveness index of the business environment from 56% （2007） to 67% （2008）. This paper aims to highlight the positive effects induced by international business companies in assessing technological absorption capacity of the Romanian economy and to provide economic analysis of the ＂cause-effect＂ link between the attractiveness of the Romanian economy-governance--the intake of foreign investment straight to the active processing export of Romania under the impact of the overall effects of international financial crisis.

Cost of treating chronic hepatitis B:Comparison of current treatment guidelines

AIM:To compare program costs of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) screening and treatment using Australian and other published CHB treatment guidelines.METHODS:Economic modeling demonstrated that in Australia a strategy of hepatocellular cancer(HCC) prevention in patients with CHB is more cost-effective than current standard care,or HCC screening.Based upon this model,we developed the B positive program to optimize CHB management of Australians born in countries of high CHB prevalence.We estimated CHB program costs using the B positive program algorithm and compared them to estimated costs of using the CHB treatment guidelines published by the AsianPacific,American and European Associations for the Study of Liver Disease(APASL,AASLD,EASL) and those suggested by an independent United States hepatology panel.We used a Markov model that factored in the costs of CHB screening and treatment,individualized by viral load and alanine aminotransferase levels,and calculated the relative costs of program components.Costs were discounted by 5% and calculated in Australian dollars(AUD).RESULTS:Using the B positive algorithm,total program costs amount to 13 979 224 AUD,or 9634 AUD per patient.The least costly strategy is based upon using the AASLD guidelines,which would cost 34% less than our B positive algorithm.Using the EASL and the United States Expert Group guidelines would increase program costs by 46%.The largest expenditure relates to the cost of drug treatment(66.9% of total program costs).The contribution of CHB surveillance(20.2%) and HCC screening and surveillance(6.6%) is small-and together they represent only approximately a quarter of the total program costs.CONCLUSION:The significant cost variations in CHB screening and treatment using different guidelines are relevant for clinicians and policy makers involved in designing population-based disease control programs.

Exploring the Retailer＇s Relational Satisfaction in a Non-western Context： Evidence From the Tunisian Post 2011 ＇s RevolutionSetting

The current research aims to find out whether the model of the retailer＇s relational satisfaction, developed in a western setting is relevant in a different economic and cultural field of investigation： the Tunisian post 2011 revolution＇s emerging context, and in a different industry： the retail industry. It explores the distinctive economic and cultural features that affect the retailer＇s relational satisfaction with its consumer goods manufacturers. The study employs a survey based on a face-to-face administered questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty four responses from a survey with Tunisian retailers as well as international retailers operating in Tunisia were obtained. All constructs are measured using five-point Likert type scales （1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree）. Analyses are conducted using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The results support the original model with however some differences derived from the Tunisian economic setting as a whole, the characteristics of the Tunisian consumer goods industry as well as the clan characteristic feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture. Thus, the amount of discounts obtained, does no longer contribute to the retailer＇s economic satisfaction. Moreover, when it comes to social satisfaction, the respondents get uncomfortable, even to deal with a potential negative interaction with their suppliers. For retail companies involved in internationalization in the Maghreb Region, and especially in Tunisia, it seems that other competitive advantages than prices are to be developed, such as the development of private label or other services that create positive perceived value for the Tunisian customer. From a cultural standpoint, western managers have rather to go away from a formalized channel relationship management, while taking into account the importance of interpersonal influence. The study sheds light on the heterogeneity of the so-called Arab-Muslim world. This is highlighted in the management of channel relationship in Tunisia, that is influenced by： （1） The government＇s price regulation and control, especially in many food products; （2） The relative weak importance of discounts in gaining retailer＇s economic satisfaction; （3） The reshaping of the local retailing sector due to the arrival of international retail companies; （4） The clan feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture that advocates putting priority on interpersonal influence in channel relationship＇s management.