基于知识图谱的马表型-基因知识库构建与应用研究

马表型-基因知识库为马的遗传育种和疾病诊治提供辅助参考。从生物医学文献库Pubmed中提取相关文献摘要,采用多实体识别接口Pubtator进行生物实体识别,以半自动化方式通过公共域关系抽取工具OpenIE和人工标注相结合的方法实现马表型-基因知识图谱的构建。知识图谱包含了马的25种常见表型,分析获取到与之关联的基因、变异等实体139个,语义关系177个。马表型-基因知识图谱的构建可以将马科研工作者从繁琐耗时的文献检索中解脱出来,为进一步的研究提供便利,同时也为构建完整的马知识图谱提供技术参考。

High Phenotypic Variation in Morus alba L. along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

Ten quantitative morphological characters were studied in 56 Morus alba L. trees representing three natural populations from the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. The altitude of collection sites ranged from 2815 to 3177 m above the sea level(asl). Coefficient of variation(CV) showed high phenotypic variation in M. alba. Linear regression analysis revealed that leaf and fruit size decreases with an increase in altitude. High CV was observed for leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, internodal distance, number of nodes, bud length, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. Similarly, a high phenotypic plasticity index was observed for bud length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, inter-nodal distance, number of nodes, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. For every 100 m increase in altitude, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area decreased by 1 cm, 0.8 cm and 16.6 cm2, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed a predominant altitudinal effect on the morphological characters in comparison to the population effect. A small change in the altitude caused significant change in the plant morphological characteristics. The present investigation represents to our knowledge the first study addressing phenotypic variation in mulberryalong an altitudinal gradient.

Salt Tolerance of 15 Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Varieties in the Office du Niger Zone of Mali

From 2003 to 2005, in pot and field experiments, rice response to salinity stress of 15 rice varieties was studied at germination and young seedling stages using salt affected soils collected from rice production areas in the Office du Niger zone of Mali. The rice varieties were composed of 10 rice genotypes from the breeding program of Mali and five from West African Rice Development Association （WARDA） program （Saint Louis, Senegal）. Soil samples were collected from the visually affected soils which were characterized by the appearance of white or black efflorescence on the soil surface. In pot experiments, the genotypes were allowed to germinate in both affected soil types （white efflorescence and black efflorescence） and salt effects on plant seedling growth were observed. Results showed that all varieties were significantly sensitive to salinity stress based on germination, young seedling shoot and root dry weights. Among the rice varieties, the most salt tolerant variety was BG90-2 （a high yielding genotype from the Institut d＇Economie Rurale （IER） breeding program） while the most sensitive variety was Telimani （also from the breeding program of IER）. All other varieties were intermediary between these two genotypes. A three year field experiment conducted in a highly affected area near Niono confirmed the results of the pot experiment. The relatively salt tolerant genotypes were found in both Malian （BG90-2, Kogoni91-1, SK51-5-2） and WARDA （Was30-11-1-1-4-6-1B） rice breeding programs.

Phenotypic Variation within a Jordanian Landrace of Durum Wheat ＂Safra Ma＇an＂ （Triticum turgidum L, var, Durum）

Two hundred and eighty six lines were selected randomly from the tetraploid wheat （Tritieum turgidum L.var Durum） landrace ＂Safra Ma＇an＂. The whole population with three check cultivars （ACSAD 65, HOURANI 27 and AMRA） was evaluated at Maru Agriculture Research Station for 16 characters including grain yield per plant. The objectives were to assess the magnitude of phenotypic variations for the traits in ＂Safra Ma＇an＂ and to evaluate the potential usefulness of some of the traits identified. Results showed wide range of phenotypic variation for several traits. Monomorphism was common for juvenile growth habit, whereas, the rest of the characters exhibited polymorphism in varying degrees. Considering all characters, the average diversity （H＇） for ＂Safra Ma＇an＂ landrace was 0.65 ± 0.047. Ten lines were superior to the check （HOURANI 27） for grain yield per plant. Subsequently, the population lines were clustered into six distinct groups at a distance of about 0.55 based on their similarity for all traits, ACSAD 65 and AMRA located in separate clusters, whereas, HOURANI 27 cultivar was presented in cluster with the most lines of ＂Safra Ma＇an＂. Thirteen lines from the population showed a bluish green cast or glaucousness characters. Glaucous lines had greater kernels per spike. In contrast, this character showed no significant association with grain yield per plant despite the greater grain yield per plant obtained for the glaucous lines. The results are important for the breeding and selection in this land race.

The characterization of a class of quantum Markov semigroups and the associated operator-valued Dirichlet forms based on Hilbert C~*-module l_2(A)

We characterize A-linear symmetric and contraction module operator semigroup{Tt}t∈R+L(l2(A)),where A is a finite-dimensional C-algebra,and L(l2(A))is the C-algebra of all adjointable module maps on l2(A).Next,we introduce the concept of operator-valued quadratic forms,and give a one to one correspondence between the set of non-positive definite self-adjoint regular module operators on l2(A)and the set of non-negative densely defined A-valued quadratic forms.In the end,we obtain that a real and strongly continuous symmetric semigroup{Tt}t∈R+L(l2(A))being Markovian if and only if the associated closed densely defined A-valued quadratic form is a Dirichlet form.