Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of al...Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown.Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.展开更多
This study comprehensively considered the climate, soil, terrain, and land-use type conditions suitable for Rosa damascena trigintipetala and further established an ecological suitability evaluation model of R. damasc...This study comprehensively considered the climate, soil, terrain, and land-use type conditions suitable for Rosa damascena trigintipetala and further established an ecological suitability evaluation model of R. damascena triginffpetala in Sichuan Province, China, based on geographic information systems (GIS) and Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) models; then we assessed the different ecological suitability grades for this species in Sichuan Province of China and summarized the suitable land areas and spatial distribution pattern for R. damascena trigintipetala. The results show that the suitable areas (which contain highly suitable, generally suitable, and critically suitable areas) for R. damascena trigintipetala are 307.268×lO4 hm^2, which accounts for 6.34% of the total provincial area. Results also indicate that shrub land and open forest land are the major land-use types suitable for R. damascena trigintipetala, with the suitable areas of 303.162×lO4 hm2 (6.25% of the total provincial area). An introduction test was conducted in one of the suitable areas, Xichang City, which demonstrated that R. damascena trigintipetala grows well at theexperimental sites. The quality of rose oil extracted from R. damascena trigintipetala planted in Xichang meets the Bulgaria Rose Oil Standard, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the ecological suitability assessment results.展开更多
The emergence of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) concept has raised expectations that ecosystem conservation can be achieved through popular payments rather than through unpopular measures of command and contro...The emergence of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) concept has raised expectations that ecosystem conservation can be achieved through popular payments rather than through unpopular measures of command and control. A study on PES was conducted in Zomba Mountain Forest (ZMF) catchment area in southern Malawi between August and December 2009. The aim was to assess stakeholders' role that would promote payment for ecosystem services as a management tool. A purposive sampling was used to identify the respondents who were randomly sampled for interviews. The findings show that PES can be used as a management tool in ZMF as there are key stakeholders who benefit from the catchment area in terms of services. While there is moderate level of PES awareness among the community and other stakeholders, the current forest policy does not address PES which may derail implementation of a fully fledged PES arrangement. The study revealed that existing management challenges originate from inadequate funding that ZMF Reserve gets from government. However, this challenge offers opportunities to stakeholders through PES to contribute and participate in conserving ZMF for sustained flow of benefits.展开更多
Mixed redundancy strategies are generally used in cloud-based systems,with different node switch mechanisms from traditional fault-tolerant strategies.Existing studies often concentrate on optimizing a single strategy...Mixed redundancy strategies are generally used in cloud-based systems,with different node switch mechanisms from traditional fault-tolerant strategies.Existing studies often concentrate on optimizing a single strategy in cloud computing environment and ignore the impact of mixed redundancy strategies.Therefore,a model is proposed to evaluate and optimize the reliability and performance of cloud-based degraded systems subject to a mixed active and cold standby redundancy strategy.In this strategy,node switching is triggered by a continual monitoring and detection mechanism when active nodes fail.To evaluate the transient availability and the expected job completion rate of systems with such kind of strategy,a continuous-time Markov chain model is built on the state transition process and a numerical method is used to solve the model.To choose the optimal redundancy for the mixed strategy under system constraints,a greedy search algorithm is proposed after sensitivity analysis.Illustrative examples were presented to explain the process of calculating the transient probability of each system state and in turn,the availability and performance of the whole system.It was shown that the near-optimal redundancy solution could be obtained using the optimizationmethod.The comparison with optimization of the traditional mixed redundancy strategy proved that the system behavior was different using different kinds of mixed strategies and less redundancy was assigned for the new type of mixed strategy under the same system constraint.展开更多
At the moment there is no system to evaluate climate suitability for oil palm cultivation. Most of land evaluation systems in Peninsular Malaysia often overlooked climate as not important on the assumption that the ef...At the moment there is no system to evaluate climate suitability for oil palm cultivation. Most of land evaluation systems in Peninsular Malaysia often overlooked climate as not important on the assumption that the effect of climatic factors on oil palm yield are small. The system to evaluate climate suitability was proposed and it follows the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation but employs a parametric approach using climatic data which are easily available. The climatic criteria used are mean annual temperature, mean daily maximum temperature, mean daily minimum temperature, mean annual rainfall, length of dry season, amount of sunshine and mean annual relative humidity. The evaluation of climate was carried out using information from nine meteorological stations in Peninsular Malaysia viz. Alor Star (Kedah), Ipoh (Perak), Kuala Lumpur, Malacca (Malacca), Kluang (Johore), Senai (Johore), Kuantan (Pahang), Kuala Krai (Kelantan) and Tanah Merah (Kelantan). The results for actual suitability classification showed that eight of the stations are highly suitable (S 1) for oil palm cultivation with land indices ranging from 75 to 93. One station Alor Star is moderately suitable (S2y) due to dry season. The results for potential suitability classification showed that all the stations are highly suitable for oil palm cultivation with land indices ranging from 90 to 99.展开更多
In the world, many research has been made to increase the quality and quantity of food production, and also to seek increase of accessibility of consumption for the population, especially in low economic income commun...In the world, many research has been made to increase the quality and quantity of food production, and also to seek increase of accessibility of consumption for the population, especially in low economic income communities, where the consumption of protein may be very important for public health and sustainable development. The main objective of this study was to generate knowledge to increase food safety in the production of meat through the assessment of cattle that are prospect to be stallions of the Simmental and Simbrah breeds. This took place in Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The period of time for the test to get accurate data regarding food consumption in this study was 70 d. The Simmental breed surpasses the Simbrah breed, with respect to increase in daily weight and increase in final weight (P ≤ 0.05). If Northeast México is looking to enhance food safety through a higher increase in final weight, then it should consider the Simmental breed as the most appropriate.展开更多
Since the collapse of Euro-Communism in 1989, the ideas of Marx have largely been discarded as little more than historical relics. There is a good reason for the neglect. The governments that Marxism spawns are among ...Since the collapse of Euro-Communism in 1989, the ideas of Marx have largely been discarded as little more than historical relics. There is a good reason for the neglect. The governments that Marxism spawns are among the most brutal in history. Equally condemnable for a philosopher who bases his theory on a science of historical development, most of Marx's key predictions turn out to be incorrect. What then is left of Marx's principles? This paper argues that Marx is best understood as a critic of the injustice of industrial societies. Marx's essential critical concept is alienation. The paper presents the first complete analysis of Marx's treatment of alienation and offers a brief assessment of how this concept applies to our time.展开更多
Soy yogurt has gained significant popularity due to its nutritional health benefits. The objectives of this study were to develop flavored yogurt from soybean milk with reduced soy aftertaste by the addition of 30% (...Soy yogurt has gained significant popularity due to its nutritional health benefits. The objectives of this study were to develop flavored yogurt from soybean milk with reduced soy aftertaste by the addition of 30% (wt/wt) strawberry or orange jam in conjunction with a lactic acid fermentation. Soy milk-based yogurt products were assessed for microbial quality and for acceptability by a panel of Jordanian and Malaysian consumers. Sixty-one individuals, of whom 75.4% (n = 46) were Jordanian and 24.6% (n = 15) were Malaysian, evaluated the plain and flavored soy milk-based yogurt. The overall acceptability of orange and strawberry soy yogurt was rated significantly higher than plain soy yogurt. In general, the orange and strawberry soy yogurt received higher sensory ratings from Malaysian than Jordanian consumers. In addition, formulations with orange jam received higher scores than those flavored with strawberry. Shelf life tests showed that soy yogurt was acceptable for at least 8 d without perceptible spoilage. Therefore, the approach used yielded flavored products with better acceptability and improved sensory attributes, including decreased intensity of off flavor, with suitable shelf life at 4 ℃.展开更多
The acrylamide level of some commercial bread assortments have been evaluated. The influence of several flour types on the content of acrylamide in 14 samples of bread, purchased from 5 different suppliers from the ma...The acrylamide level of some commercial bread assortments have been evaluated. The influence of several flour types on the content of acrylamide in 14 samples of bread, purchased from 5 different suppliers from the market in Bucharest, Romania was studied. For all bread assortments which have been analyzed for acrylamide, the International Commission of Illumination (CIELab) parameters, L*, a* and b* have been also measured in an attempt to correlate the colour of the final product with its acrylamide content. Determination of acrylamide in bread samples was performed by Gas Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), using isotope dillution calibration after derivatization (bromination). The results revealed that the acrylamide level vary between bread assortments of different brands and bread assortments of same brand, but different lots. In the case of commercial bread samples, the use of whole wheat flours lead to formation of higher quantity in acrylamide (165.53 μg/kg), compared to the use of white wheat flours (28.02μg/kg).展开更多
From Sep. 3 of 2005 to Oct. 26, the HL-2A tokamak experiment carded out 42 days discharge operation, and successfully completed many experiments. These experiments include divertor operation, high density, molecular b...From Sep. 3 of 2005 to Oct. 26, the HL-2A tokamak experiment carded out 42 days discharge operation, and successfully completed many experiments. These experiments include divertor operation, high density, molecular beam injection, LHCD, siliconizafion. Experimental results create new records. The parameters achieved in that year were as follows: plasma current Ip = 320 kA, toroidal magnetic field BT=2.2 T, plasma density ne = 4.2×10^19 m^-3, plasma exist time tp = 1580 ms, plasma current plateau time is 1200 ms, electron temperature is 900 eV, ion temperature is 800 eV. To protect worker and public and assess neutron radiation level, we monitored neutron dose in radiation controlled area by the pulse neutron dose monitoring system, which was made by institude of high energy physics, chinese academy of sciences and southwestern institute of physics, china nation nuclear corporation ( CNNC ).展开更多
Despite the efforts by Ministry of Education to promote Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education in Malaysia, the Islamic education syllabus is far behind the intended plan in ICT usage in learnin...Despite the efforts by Ministry of Education to promote Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education in Malaysia, the Islamic education syllabus is far behind the intended plan in ICT usage in learning and teaching. Concern was raised that Islamic Studies faced the risk of being misunderstood if the lessons were taught through self-accessing method with minimal intervention from teachers. Using the Dick and Carey instructional model as a framework, an e-learning version was devised for the national Form 4 Islamic Studies syllabus, "The steps and procedures of Hajj and Umrah". The Islamic Studies textbook for national secondary schools in Malaysia was reviewed using a systematic approach, from identifying the instructional goal through to formative and summative evaluation processes. Interview sessions with students were conducted to assess the developed e-learning Islamic Studies content. A subsequent survey with students was conducted. Results from the study indicated the e-learning Islamic Studies content had the potential to help students, being easy to use, and attracting and retaining students' attention.展开更多
This study evaluated in vitro activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Amazon species against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. The ethanol extracts were concentrated and fractionation. The a...This study evaluated in vitro activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Amazon species against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. The ethanol extracts were concentrated and fractionation. The anti-promastigote activity was evaluated through the cell viability assessment method (MTT). The ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Himatanthus articulatus and Parahancorniafasciculata were inactive in promastigote ofL. amazonensis, as the ethanol extract ofPhysalis angulata. The hexane fractions from different parts ofMontrichardia linifera showed anti-promastigote activity probably due to the presence of steroids and terpenes. All species in studies were inactive, except ofM. linifera. The few polar constituents can be responsible for the activity. Therefore, the isolation and purification of the active on L. amazonensis promastigotes are urgently required.展开更多
As former Fermatist, the author tried many times to prove Fermat's Last Theorem in an elementary way. Just few insights of the proposed schemes partially passed the peer-reviewing and they motivated the subsequent fr...As former Fermatist, the author tried many times to prove Fermat's Last Theorem in an elementary way. Just few insights of the proposed schemes partially passed the peer-reviewing and they motivated the subsequent fruitful collaboration with Prof. Mario De Paz. Among the author's failures, there is an unpublished proof emblematic of the FLT's charming power for the suggestive circumstances it was formulated. As sometimes happens with similar erroneous attempts, containing out-of-context hints, it provides a germinal approach to power sums yet to be refined.展开更多
Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the'time category'and the'space category'.The construction of an evaluation system for cultural ...Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the'time category'and the'space category'.The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation,scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage,history and culture along these routes,and the key to encouraging the standardization,branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes.Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources,and their developmental foundation is good.However,the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on information collection,information analysis,problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes,and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes.Based on the advanced experience of COE(Council of Europe),UNESCO WHC(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,World Heritage Committee)and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites),this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes,and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines.Five aspects―the theme,the participating subject,the object itself,related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model.At the same time,based on the consumer utility function,a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed.Then,taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process,the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined,and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed.The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system,and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system.The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes,realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases,and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.展开更多
Hydrogen is starting to be mentioned as an alternative fuel to replace the fossil fuel in future transportation applications due to its characteristics of zero greenhouse gas emission and high energy efficiency. Befor...Hydrogen is starting to be mentioned as an alternative fuel to replace the fossil fuel in future transportation applications due to its characteristics of zero greenhouse gas emission and high energy efficiency. Before hydrogen fuel and its facilities can be introduced to the public, relevant safety issues and its hazards must be assessed in order to avoid any chance of injury or loss. While a traditional risk assessment has difficulty in prioritizing the risk of failure modes, this paper proposes a new fuzzy-based risk evaluation technique which uses fuzzy value to prioritize the risk of various scenarios. In this study, the final risk of each failure modes was prioritized by using the MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box with a combination of two assessments. The first assessment was concerned with the criteria which affected the actual probability of occurrence. This assessment considered the availability of the standard that was applied to prevent the likelihood of the scenario occurring. On the other hand, the second assessment was focused on evaluating the consequence of the failure by taking into account the availability of detection and the complexity of the failure rather than only the severity of the scenarios. A total of 87 failure scenarios were identified using failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) procedures on hydrogen refueling station models. Fuzzy-based assessments were performed through risk prioritizing various failure scenarios with a fuzzy value (0 to 1) and risk level (low, medium, and high) while a traditional risk assessment approach presented the risks only in forms of level (low, medium, and/or high). Availability of the fuzzy value enabled further prioritizing on the risk results that fell in the same level of risk. This study concluded that fuzzy-based risk evaluation is able to further prioritize the decisions when compared with a traditional risk assessment method.展开更多
基金the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal for the financial and logistic support to conduct this study
文摘Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown.Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant N0s. 41201274, D010505)The Spark Project (No. 2010GA600017) The Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS, China (No. KSCX2-YW-NF-01)
文摘This study comprehensively considered the climate, soil, terrain, and land-use type conditions suitable for Rosa damascena trigintipetala and further established an ecological suitability evaluation model of R. damascena triginffpetala in Sichuan Province, China, based on geographic information systems (GIS) and Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) models; then we assessed the different ecological suitability grades for this species in Sichuan Province of China and summarized the suitable land areas and spatial distribution pattern for R. damascena trigintipetala. The results show that the suitable areas (which contain highly suitable, generally suitable, and critically suitable areas) for R. damascena trigintipetala are 307.268×lO4 hm^2, which accounts for 6.34% of the total provincial area. Results also indicate that shrub land and open forest land are the major land-use types suitable for R. damascena trigintipetala, with the suitable areas of 303.162×lO4 hm2 (6.25% of the total provincial area). An introduction test was conducted in one of the suitable areas, Xichang City, which demonstrated that R. damascena trigintipetala grows well at theexperimental sites. The quality of rose oil extracted from R. damascena trigintipetala planted in Xichang meets the Bulgaria Rose Oil Standard, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the ecological suitability assessment results.
文摘The emergence of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) concept has raised expectations that ecosystem conservation can be achieved through popular payments rather than through unpopular measures of command and control. A study on PES was conducted in Zomba Mountain Forest (ZMF) catchment area in southern Malawi between August and December 2009. The aim was to assess stakeholders' role that would promote payment for ecosystem services as a management tool. A purposive sampling was used to identify the respondents who were randomly sampled for interviews. The findings show that PES can be used as a management tool in ZMF as there are key stakeholders who benefit from the catchment area in terms of services. While there is moderate level of PES awareness among the community and other stakeholders, the current forest policy does not address PES which may derail implementation of a fully fledged PES arrangement. The study revealed that existing management challenges originate from inadequate funding that ZMF Reserve gets from government. However, this challenge offers opportunities to stakeholders through PES to contribute and participate in conserving ZMF for sustained flow of benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61309005)the Basic and Frontier Research Program of Chongqing(Grant No.cstc2014jcyj A40015)
文摘Mixed redundancy strategies are generally used in cloud-based systems,with different node switch mechanisms from traditional fault-tolerant strategies.Existing studies often concentrate on optimizing a single strategy in cloud computing environment and ignore the impact of mixed redundancy strategies.Therefore,a model is proposed to evaluate and optimize the reliability and performance of cloud-based degraded systems subject to a mixed active and cold standby redundancy strategy.In this strategy,node switching is triggered by a continual monitoring and detection mechanism when active nodes fail.To evaluate the transient availability and the expected job completion rate of systems with such kind of strategy,a continuous-time Markov chain model is built on the state transition process and a numerical method is used to solve the model.To choose the optimal redundancy for the mixed strategy under system constraints,a greedy search algorithm is proposed after sensitivity analysis.Illustrative examples were presented to explain the process of calculating the transient probability of each system state and in turn,the availability and performance of the whole system.It was shown that the near-optimal redundancy solution could be obtained using the optimizationmethod.The comparison with optimization of the traditional mixed redundancy strategy proved that the system behavior was different using different kinds of mixed strategies and less redundancy was assigned for the new type of mixed strategy under the same system constraint.
文摘At the moment there is no system to evaluate climate suitability for oil palm cultivation. Most of land evaluation systems in Peninsular Malaysia often overlooked climate as not important on the assumption that the effect of climatic factors on oil palm yield are small. The system to evaluate climate suitability was proposed and it follows the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation but employs a parametric approach using climatic data which are easily available. The climatic criteria used are mean annual temperature, mean daily maximum temperature, mean daily minimum temperature, mean annual rainfall, length of dry season, amount of sunshine and mean annual relative humidity. The evaluation of climate was carried out using information from nine meteorological stations in Peninsular Malaysia viz. Alor Star (Kedah), Ipoh (Perak), Kuala Lumpur, Malacca (Malacca), Kluang (Johore), Senai (Johore), Kuantan (Pahang), Kuala Krai (Kelantan) and Tanah Merah (Kelantan). The results for actual suitability classification showed that eight of the stations are highly suitable (S 1) for oil palm cultivation with land indices ranging from 75 to 93. One station Alor Star is moderately suitable (S2y) due to dry season. The results for potential suitability classification showed that all the stations are highly suitable for oil palm cultivation with land indices ranging from 90 to 99.
文摘In the world, many research has been made to increase the quality and quantity of food production, and also to seek increase of accessibility of consumption for the population, especially in low economic income communities, where the consumption of protein may be very important for public health and sustainable development. The main objective of this study was to generate knowledge to increase food safety in the production of meat through the assessment of cattle that are prospect to be stallions of the Simmental and Simbrah breeds. This took place in Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The period of time for the test to get accurate data regarding food consumption in this study was 70 d. The Simmental breed surpasses the Simbrah breed, with respect to increase in daily weight and increase in final weight (P ≤ 0.05). If Northeast México is looking to enhance food safety through a higher increase in final weight, then it should consider the Simmental breed as the most appropriate.
文摘Since the collapse of Euro-Communism in 1989, the ideas of Marx have largely been discarded as little more than historical relics. There is a good reason for the neglect. The governments that Marxism spawns are among the most brutal in history. Equally condemnable for a philosopher who bases his theory on a science of historical development, most of Marx's key predictions turn out to be incorrect. What then is left of Marx's principles? This paper argues that Marx is best understood as a critic of the injustice of industrial societies. Marx's essential critical concept is alienation. The paper presents the first complete analysis of Marx's treatment of alienation and offers a brief assessment of how this concept applies to our time.
文摘Soy yogurt has gained significant popularity due to its nutritional health benefits. The objectives of this study were to develop flavored yogurt from soybean milk with reduced soy aftertaste by the addition of 30% (wt/wt) strawberry or orange jam in conjunction with a lactic acid fermentation. Soy milk-based yogurt products were assessed for microbial quality and for acceptability by a panel of Jordanian and Malaysian consumers. Sixty-one individuals, of whom 75.4% (n = 46) were Jordanian and 24.6% (n = 15) were Malaysian, evaluated the plain and flavored soy milk-based yogurt. The overall acceptability of orange and strawberry soy yogurt was rated significantly higher than plain soy yogurt. In general, the orange and strawberry soy yogurt received higher sensory ratings from Malaysian than Jordanian consumers. In addition, formulations with orange jam received higher scores than those flavored with strawberry. Shelf life tests showed that soy yogurt was acceptable for at least 8 d without perceptible spoilage. Therefore, the approach used yielded flavored products with better acceptability and improved sensory attributes, including decreased intensity of off flavor, with suitable shelf life at 4 ℃.
文摘The acrylamide level of some commercial bread assortments have been evaluated. The influence of several flour types on the content of acrylamide in 14 samples of bread, purchased from 5 different suppliers from the market in Bucharest, Romania was studied. For all bread assortments which have been analyzed for acrylamide, the International Commission of Illumination (CIELab) parameters, L*, a* and b* have been also measured in an attempt to correlate the colour of the final product with its acrylamide content. Determination of acrylamide in bread samples was performed by Gas Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), using isotope dillution calibration after derivatization (bromination). The results revealed that the acrylamide level vary between bread assortments of different brands and bread assortments of same brand, but different lots. In the case of commercial bread samples, the use of whole wheat flours lead to formation of higher quantity in acrylamide (165.53 μg/kg), compared to the use of white wheat flours (28.02μg/kg).
文摘From Sep. 3 of 2005 to Oct. 26, the HL-2A tokamak experiment carded out 42 days discharge operation, and successfully completed many experiments. These experiments include divertor operation, high density, molecular beam injection, LHCD, siliconizafion. Experimental results create new records. The parameters achieved in that year were as follows: plasma current Ip = 320 kA, toroidal magnetic field BT=2.2 T, plasma density ne = 4.2×10^19 m^-3, plasma exist time tp = 1580 ms, plasma current plateau time is 1200 ms, electron temperature is 900 eV, ion temperature is 800 eV. To protect worker and public and assess neutron radiation level, we monitored neutron dose in radiation controlled area by the pulse neutron dose monitoring system, which was made by institude of high energy physics, chinese academy of sciences and southwestern institute of physics, china nation nuclear corporation ( CNNC ).
文摘Despite the efforts by Ministry of Education to promote Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education in Malaysia, the Islamic education syllabus is far behind the intended plan in ICT usage in learning and teaching. Concern was raised that Islamic Studies faced the risk of being misunderstood if the lessons were taught through self-accessing method with minimal intervention from teachers. Using the Dick and Carey instructional model as a framework, an e-learning version was devised for the national Form 4 Islamic Studies syllabus, "The steps and procedures of Hajj and Umrah". The Islamic Studies textbook for national secondary schools in Malaysia was reviewed using a systematic approach, from identifying the instructional goal through to formative and summative evaluation processes. Interview sessions with students were conducted to assess the developed e-learning Islamic Studies content. A subsequent survey with students was conducted. Results from the study indicated the e-learning Islamic Studies content had the potential to help students, being easy to use, and attracting and retaining students' attention.
文摘This study evaluated in vitro activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Amazon species against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. The ethanol extracts were concentrated and fractionation. The anti-promastigote activity was evaluated through the cell viability assessment method (MTT). The ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Himatanthus articulatus and Parahancorniafasciculata were inactive in promastigote ofL. amazonensis, as the ethanol extract ofPhysalis angulata. The hexane fractions from different parts ofMontrichardia linifera showed anti-promastigote activity probably due to the presence of steroids and terpenes. All species in studies were inactive, except ofM. linifera. The few polar constituents can be responsible for the activity. Therefore, the isolation and purification of the active on L. amazonensis promastigotes are urgently required.
文摘As former Fermatist, the author tried many times to prove Fermat's Last Theorem in an elementary way. Just few insights of the proposed schemes partially passed the peer-reviewing and they motivated the subsequent fruitful collaboration with Prof. Mario De Paz. Among the author's failures, there is an unpublished proof emblematic of the FLT's charming power for the suggestive circumstances it was formulated. As sometimes happens with similar erroneous attempts, containing out-of-context hints, it provides a germinal approach to power sums yet to be refined.
基金Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Science Research Base in Yunnan Province(JD2019ZD03)The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of People’s Republic of China(WMYC20181-083)
文摘Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the'time category'and the'space category'.The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation,scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage,history and culture along these routes,and the key to encouraging the standardization,branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes.Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources,and their developmental foundation is good.However,the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on information collection,information analysis,problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes,and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes.Based on the advanced experience of COE(Council of Europe),UNESCO WHC(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,World Heritage Committee)and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites),this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes,and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines.Five aspects―the theme,the participating subject,the object itself,related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model.At the same time,based on the consumer utility function,a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed.Then,taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process,the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined,and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed.The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system,and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system.The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes,realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases,and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.
基金Project (No. D000023-16001) supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) High Impact Research Foundation
文摘Hydrogen is starting to be mentioned as an alternative fuel to replace the fossil fuel in future transportation applications due to its characteristics of zero greenhouse gas emission and high energy efficiency. Before hydrogen fuel and its facilities can be introduced to the public, relevant safety issues and its hazards must be assessed in order to avoid any chance of injury or loss. While a traditional risk assessment has difficulty in prioritizing the risk of failure modes, this paper proposes a new fuzzy-based risk evaluation technique which uses fuzzy value to prioritize the risk of various scenarios. In this study, the final risk of each failure modes was prioritized by using the MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box with a combination of two assessments. The first assessment was concerned with the criteria which affected the actual probability of occurrence. This assessment considered the availability of the standard that was applied to prevent the likelihood of the scenario occurring. On the other hand, the second assessment was focused on evaluating the consequence of the failure by taking into account the availability of detection and the complexity of the failure rather than only the severity of the scenarios. A total of 87 failure scenarios were identified using failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) procedures on hydrogen refueling station models. Fuzzy-based assessments were performed through risk prioritizing various failure scenarios with a fuzzy value (0 to 1) and risk level (low, medium, and high) while a traditional risk assessment approach presented the risks only in forms of level (low, medium, and/or high). Availability of the fuzzy value enabled further prioritizing on the risk results that fell in the same level of risk. This study concluded that fuzzy-based risk evaluation is able to further prioritize the decisions when compared with a traditional risk assessment method.