目的研究马来酸罗格列酮对大鼠Tan is mRNA表达及血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法W istar大鼠24只,随机分为模型组(A)、给药组(B)和对照组(C),每组8只。A、B两组高糖高脂喂养6周建立胰岛素抵抗模型,C组常规饲喂。模型制作成功后...目的研究马来酸罗格列酮对大鼠Tan is mRNA表达及血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法W istar大鼠24只,随机分为模型组(A)、给药组(B)和对照组(C),每组8只。A、B两组高糖高脂喂养6周建立胰岛素抵抗模型,C组常规饲喂。模型制作成功后B组喂食马来酸罗格列酮,4 mg.kg-1.d-1;A组喂以常规饲料。两周后所有大鼠禁食12 h后称重,测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),并按Hom a公式计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IR);应用RT-PCR方法测定大鼠肝组织Tan is mRNA的表达;ELISA法测定IL-6水平。结果与C组相比,A组大鼠血清IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.05)。Tan is mRNA的表达明显增强(P<0.05);B组大鼠血清IL-6水平、Tan is mRNA的表达较A组明显降低(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,IL-6与FINS、IR正相关(r1=0.633,P=0.014;r2=0.638,P=0.015),Tan is mRNA的表达与IL-6、FINS、IR正相关(r1=0.606,P=0.022;r2=0.651,P=0.012;r3=0.584,P=0.028)。结论Tan is mRNA的高表达可能是胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生机制之一,马来酸罗格列酮可有效改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血浆IL-6水平及Tan ismRNA表达。展开更多
In the Garhwal of Uttarakhand, India, the Bhotiya, an ethnically and culturally distinct tribal group, were historically engaged in seasonal migration(i.e. transhumance) to take advantage of scarce mountain resources ...In the Garhwal of Uttarakhand, India, the Bhotiya, an ethnically and culturally distinct tribal group, were historically engaged in seasonal migration(i.e. transhumance) to take advantage of scarce mountain resources and trade relations with Tibet. This livelihood practice has all but disappeared.Households are adapting to these changing circumstances by engaging in the collection and sale of the valuable alpine medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, widely known as Cordyceps. The collection of this fungus has exploded, emerging as a lucrative yet high-risk livelihood strategy for many Bhotiya communities.The Bhotiyas' historic herding and trade-based interactions and knowledge of these alpine environments where Cordyceps are found uniquely positions them to access this valuable biological resource. Elsewhere in the Himalayan region, some households are earning as much as two-thirds of their income from the collection of Cordyceps; in China Cordyceps is now listed as an endangered species due to intense over-exploitation in the Tibetan Plateau.This paper seeks to fill the void in the scientific literature on the social, ecological and economic aspects of the emerging Cordyceps trade in the Garhwal. Our study investigates the socio-spatial dimensions of Cordyceps collection in the high alpine meadows. We document how a fusion of local knowledge and practice with alpine mountain systems has served to reinvigorate the economic integrity of mountain communities at a time of rapid socioeconomic change and to reimagine a new relationship between alpine resources and community well-being.The article offers suggestions to address the sustainability of both Cordyceps collection and livelihood activities which hinge on this fungus population. We find a need for(1) community-based conservation measures that are rooted in(2) secure resource access rights for local communities to continue sustainable collection and sale of Cordyceps and(3) participatory-and science-based processes for determining appropriate local collection numbers.展开更多
Perch sweeper fish with scientific name Cobitis taenia is one of the Cobitidae family. Since this kind of fish lives in clean waters and in the high areas of Talar River, it can be an index on water implution. This su...Perch sweeper fish with scientific name Cobitis taenia is one of the Cobitidae family. Since this kind of fish lives in clean waters and in the high areas of Talar River, it can be an index on water implution. This survey on the diet of this specimen is done on two stations （Kaselian and Tajoon） and shallow and high areas of Talar River in Mazandaran （Southern part of Caspian sea） and the duration of this survey is from October 2008 till September 2009. We should mention that fishing was just done by electro-shocker with voltage 300 V. And this fish after fishing is fixation in 10% formalin solution. So 410 perch sweeper fish were examined and the average of relatively length of gut （RLG） was 17.35 cm. The index of vacated intestine （VI） was calculated 43.35% for all samples. From intense of diet points of view （GSI）, the most frequency of full intestines was considered in summer and spring. On the other hand, the smallness of relatively length of gut index （RLG 〈 1） shows that perch sweeper fish＇s diet manner is inclined to herbivority. In the examination of containing of digestive track, overally 10 kinds of foodstuff were known. Based on amount of this index, 2.67% Chironomidae is known as main bait in all sampling period.展开更多
By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain...By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain long-term customer relationships than ever before. The ultimate goal is to transform these relationships into greater profitability by increasing repeat purchase rates and reducing customer acquisition costs. Customer relationship management （CRM） has a significant potential to leverage an organization＇s performance, but it does not come without a clear sense of destination and typically without pain. For the research methodology we use the database of customers of a Romanian accounting services company Vulpoi ＆ Toader Management SRL, which is an important player in this market. The goal of our paper is to find out the link between knowledge management （KM） and CRM for this company and how these ＂innovations＂ contribute to increasing the value of the business.展开更多
文摘目的研究马来酸罗格列酮对大鼠Tan is mRNA表达及血浆白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法W istar大鼠24只,随机分为模型组(A)、给药组(B)和对照组(C),每组8只。A、B两组高糖高脂喂养6周建立胰岛素抵抗模型,C组常规饲喂。模型制作成功后B组喂食马来酸罗格列酮,4 mg.kg-1.d-1;A组喂以常规饲料。两周后所有大鼠禁食12 h后称重,测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),并按Hom a公式计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IR);应用RT-PCR方法测定大鼠肝组织Tan is mRNA的表达;ELISA法测定IL-6水平。结果与C组相比,A组大鼠血清IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.05)。Tan is mRNA的表达明显增强(P<0.05);B组大鼠血清IL-6水平、Tan is mRNA的表达较A组明显降低(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,IL-6与FINS、IR正相关(r1=0.633,P=0.014;r2=0.638,P=0.015),Tan is mRNA的表达与IL-6、FINS、IR正相关(r1=0.606,P=0.022;r2=0.651,P=0.012;r3=0.584,P=0.028)。结论Tan is mRNA的高表达可能是胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生机制之一,马来酸罗格列酮可有效改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血浆IL-6水平及Tan ismRNA表达。
基金funded in part by the College of Forestry and Conservation at the University of Montana,MissoulaThe logistical support and research assistance provided by the Mountain Shepherds Initiative and the Nanda Devi Campaign based in Uttarakhand were paramount
文摘In the Garhwal of Uttarakhand, India, the Bhotiya, an ethnically and culturally distinct tribal group, were historically engaged in seasonal migration(i.e. transhumance) to take advantage of scarce mountain resources and trade relations with Tibet. This livelihood practice has all but disappeared.Households are adapting to these changing circumstances by engaging in the collection and sale of the valuable alpine medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, widely known as Cordyceps. The collection of this fungus has exploded, emerging as a lucrative yet high-risk livelihood strategy for many Bhotiya communities.The Bhotiyas' historic herding and trade-based interactions and knowledge of these alpine environments where Cordyceps are found uniquely positions them to access this valuable biological resource. Elsewhere in the Himalayan region, some households are earning as much as two-thirds of their income from the collection of Cordyceps; in China Cordyceps is now listed as an endangered species due to intense over-exploitation in the Tibetan Plateau.This paper seeks to fill the void in the scientific literature on the social, ecological and economic aspects of the emerging Cordyceps trade in the Garhwal. Our study investigates the socio-spatial dimensions of Cordyceps collection in the high alpine meadows. We document how a fusion of local knowledge and practice with alpine mountain systems has served to reinvigorate the economic integrity of mountain communities at a time of rapid socioeconomic change and to reimagine a new relationship between alpine resources and community well-being.The article offers suggestions to address the sustainability of both Cordyceps collection and livelihood activities which hinge on this fungus population. We find a need for(1) community-based conservation measures that are rooted in(2) secure resource access rights for local communities to continue sustainable collection and sale of Cordyceps and(3) participatory-and science-based processes for determining appropriate local collection numbers.
文摘Perch sweeper fish with scientific name Cobitis taenia is one of the Cobitidae family. Since this kind of fish lives in clean waters and in the high areas of Talar River, it can be an index on water implution. This survey on the diet of this specimen is done on two stations （Kaselian and Tajoon） and shallow and high areas of Talar River in Mazandaran （Southern part of Caspian sea） and the duration of this survey is from October 2008 till September 2009. We should mention that fishing was just done by electro-shocker with voltage 300 V. And this fish after fishing is fixation in 10% formalin solution. So 410 perch sweeper fish were examined and the average of relatively length of gut （RLG） was 17.35 cm. The index of vacated intestine （VI） was calculated 43.35% for all samples. From intense of diet points of view （GSI）, the most frequency of full intestines was considered in summer and spring. On the other hand, the smallness of relatively length of gut index （RLG 〈 1） shows that perch sweeper fish＇s diet manner is inclined to herbivority. In the examination of containing of digestive track, overally 10 kinds of foodstuff were known. Based on amount of this index, 2.67% Chironomidae is known as main bait in all sampling period.
文摘By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain long-term customer relationships than ever before. The ultimate goal is to transform these relationships into greater profitability by increasing repeat purchase rates and reducing customer acquisition costs. Customer relationship management （CRM） has a significant potential to leverage an organization＇s performance, but it does not come without a clear sense of destination and typically without pain. For the research methodology we use the database of customers of a Romanian accounting services company Vulpoi ＆ Toader Management SRL, which is an important player in this market. The goal of our paper is to find out the link between knowledge management （KM） and CRM for this company and how these ＂innovations＂ contribute to increasing the value of the business.
