扶持政策如何才能效能优化——基于我国出版业“走出去”驱动力结构的分析

政策扶持往往被认为是后发国家发展文化产业的首要影响因素,但是,本文认为,政策扶持并非"点石成金"之术,需要谨慎使用,才能发挥积极作用。以出版业"走出去"政策与其他文化产业的比较分析为样本,本文认为,"政策驱动"在一定程度上消解了出版企业国际竞争力的主体地位;而国内"垄断驱动"则进一步消解了企业参与国际竞争的主动性;以区域为单位直接参与国际竞争则进一步消解了文化产业要素在我国超大国内市场内自由流通、实现市场配置效率的机会。基于上述三个政策层次的消解,出版企业"走出去"的驱动力结构明显失衡。本文指出使扶持政策获得效能优化的四个原则。

社区参与:政治和社会发展的结构性驱动力

社区参与是在全方位、多层面的社会变迁的宏观背景下形成的结构性的运行机制 ,并以此为驱动力推动了微观层次上的社区发展和宏观层次上的政治、社会发展 ,是政治发展和社会发展的一种结构性驱动力。但当前社区参与还存在一些问题 。

我国公共图书馆发展的驱动力来源及其变动研究

揭示公共图书馆发展的驱动力来源及其变化特点,为公共图书馆的进一步发展提供更有针对性的管理建议。利用对数均值迪氏指数(LMDI)分解方法,考察2000—2019年我国公共图书馆发展的驱动力来源及其结构特征。结果表明,经济发展、经济空间、价格水平、财政强度、财政结构和支出自主等是我国公共图书馆发展的驱动力,经济发展对全国人均公共图书馆支出的驱动效应最为显著,财政强度和价格水平的驱动作用始终是正向的,而支出自主的驱动效应是负向的,财政结构和经济空间的驱动效应则有阶段性变化。

ACTUATOR OF LARGE DISPLACEMENT RAINBOW CERAMICS

A new and unique processing method for fabricating stress biased, monolithic ceramic elements for large dis placement actuators is reported. Reduced and internally bised oxide wafer (RAINBOW) ceramics show excellent properties such as high displacement under applied electric field and enhanced load bearing capabilities. The actuating mechanism, structure and properties of the RAINBOW ceramics are reviewed. Finally, the developing direction is also discussed.

Land Use Change and Anthropogenic Driving Forces:A Case Study in Yanhe River Basin

Human activities alter land use patterns and affect landscape sustainability. It is therefore very important to investigate the relationship between land use change and human activities. This study focuses on the detection of changing land use patterns in the Yanhe River Basin in northern Loess Plateau of China between 1995 and 2008. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the changing land use patterns and to explore the related anthropogenic driving forces. Results show that:1) Totally, 186 590 ha of croplands were converted into alternate land-use types (equivalent to 61.7% of the original cropland area). The majority of cropland areas were found to be converted into grassland and woodland areas (accounting for 55.9% and 4.9% respectively of the original cropland areas). 2) Both cropland and woodland demonstrated an increasing fragmentation tendency while grasslands showed a decreasing fragmentation tendency. 3) Multiple driving forces of land use change were thought to act together to changes in landscape metrics in the Yanhe River Basin. The anthropogenic driving forces were analyzed from four perspectives:ecological conservation policy, labor force transfer, industrial development, and rural settlement. The policy of the GfG (Grain for Green) project was the main driving factor which expedited the conversion from cropland to woodland and grassland. Industrial development was also found to affect land use change through the direct impact of economic activities such as oil exploration and agricultural production, or through indirect impacts such as the industrial structures readjustment. Labor force transfer from rural to urban areas was found to follow the industrial structure readjustment and further drove land use change from cropland to off-farm land use. Establishment of new tile-roofed houses instead of cave-type dwellings in rural settlements has helped to aggregate the original scattered land-use type of construction.

Forces Driving Changes in Cultivated Land and Management Countermeasures in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,China

The Three Gorges project accelerates economic development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.This paper aimed to investigate the distribution,changes and features of cultivated land in this area,analyze the forces driving the changes in cultivated land area,and propose the countermeasures for cultivated land management.Transition matrix was used to analyze the features of cultivated land changes,and quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were adopted to research the driving forces according to the features of cultivated land changes.Cultivated land in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area mainly lay to the northwest of the Yangtze River,especially the upper reaches.The areas of cultivated land increased from 1996 to 1999,then decreased from 2000 to 2006,and finally increased again from 2007 to 2009.The important forces driving changes in cultivated land included government policies,employment and food security,increasing construction land,agriculture structure adjustment,land rearrangement,inundation.During cultivated land management,firstly,it is necessary to insist on the principle of cultivated land protection,standardize land exploitation and strictly restrict the transformation of cultivated land into non-farming land.Secondly,land rearrangement must be implemented,which can not only increase the area of the cultivated land,but also improve the quality of the cultivated land.Thirdly,it is feasible to intensify eco-agriculture construction to increase the quantity and quality of cultivated land.Fourthly,it is helpful to improve the traditional agriculture production methods to promote cultivated land quality.Lastly,it is important to propagandize cultivated land protection and realize the enormous pressure of cultivated land shortage,making more people obligated to protect cultivated land.

Space Drive Propulsion Principle from the Aspect of Cosmology

This paper describes the propulsion principle using the concept of space drive and the pressure of the field induced by local rapid expansion of space based on the latest cosmology. Assuming that space vacuum is an infinite continuum, the propulsion principle utilizes the pressure field derived from the geometrical structure of space, by applying both continuum mechanics and general relativity to space. The propulsive force is a pressure thrust that arises from the interaction of space-time around the spaceship external environment and the spaceship itself; the spaceship is propelled by the pressure used against the space-time structure. As is well known in cosmology, the expansion rule of the universe is governed by the Friedman＇s equations and the Robertson-Walker metric. In this time, the propulsion principle of space drive is introduced from another angle （cosmology）, that is, the pressure of the field induced by local expansion of space is completely considered in the propulsion principle.

Coherent Destruction of Tunneling of Bosons with Effective Three-Body Interactions

The tunneling dynamics of dilute boson gases with three-body interactions in a periodically driven double wells are investigated both theoretically and numerieally. In our findings, when the system is with only repulsive twobody interactions or only three-body interactions, the tunneling will be suppressed; while in the case of the coupling between two- and three-body interactions, the tunneling can be either suppressed or enhanced. Particularly, when attractive three-body interactions are twice large as repulsive two-body interactions, CDT occurs at isolated points of driving force, which is similar to the linear case. Considering different interaction, the system can experience different transformation from coherent tunneling to coherent destruction of tunneling （CDT）. The quasi-energy of the system as the function of the periodicaJ1y driving force shows a triangular structure, which provides a deep insight into the tunneling dynamics of the system.