The 1989 and following years were the periods in which many important economic and political tumovers took place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fell down with scattering the Eastern block and many po...The 1989 and following years were the periods in which many important economic and political tumovers took place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fell down with scattering the Eastern block and many politically independent states came into being, at the same time, ongoing about 70 years socialist system also started to change into liberal system. The constituted 27 states in 1991 were tended to liberal economic system instead of socialist economy, and these states were called as transition economies. In this study, the relationship between indebtedness and growth rate of transition countries were analyzed by panel autoregressive distributed lag model （ARDL）. Before panel ARDL application, stationary properties of the variables have been checked with first and second generation unit root test. For the second generation unit root tests, CADF tests have been used. Also cross section dependency has been examined by LM tests.展开更多
An experimental procedure is conducted to investigate the mechanism of the non-monotonic characteristic between curing temperature and mechanical behaviors of the Kevlar/epoxy composite in macro and micro levels. Diff...An experimental procedure is conducted to investigate the mechanism of the non-monotonic characteristic between curing temperature and mechanical behaviors of the Kevlar/epoxy composite in macro and micro levels. Different specimens are fabricated at four different curing temperatures and tested with ±45° off-axis tensile loading on a universal test machine coupled with digital image correlation(DIC). Moreover, the environmental scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to obtain the micrographs and reveal their mechanism. The tested results show that the tensile mechanical behaviors are sensitive to the curing temperature and the relationship is non-monotonic. Also, as the temperature increases, the thicknesses of the specimens are significantly enlarged. By analyzing the SEM micrographs of the matrix grooves in the damage zone and DIC strain contours, it is concluded that the non-monotonic relationship is dominated by the properties of the Kevlar/epoxy interfaces and deformation of the distorted fibers.展开更多
文摘The 1989 and following years were the periods in which many important economic and political tumovers took place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fell down with scattering the Eastern block and many politically independent states came into being, at the same time, ongoing about 70 years socialist system also started to change into liberal system. The constituted 27 states in 1991 were tended to liberal economic system instead of socialist economy, and these states were called as transition economies. In this study, the relationship between indebtedness and growth rate of transition countries were analyzed by panel autoregressive distributed lag model （ARDL）. Before panel ARDL application, stationary properties of the variables have been checked with first and second generation unit root test. For the second generation unit root tests, CADF tests have been used. Also cross section dependency has been examined by LM tests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11672105,11232004)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2016JJ1009)
文摘An experimental procedure is conducted to investigate the mechanism of the non-monotonic characteristic between curing temperature and mechanical behaviors of the Kevlar/epoxy composite in macro and micro levels. Different specimens are fabricated at four different curing temperatures and tested with ±45° off-axis tensile loading on a universal test machine coupled with digital image correlation(DIC). Moreover, the environmental scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to obtain the micrographs and reveal their mechanism. The tested results show that the tensile mechanical behaviors are sensitive to the curing temperature and the relationship is non-monotonic. Also, as the temperature increases, the thicknesses of the specimens are significantly enlarged. By analyzing the SEM micrographs of the matrix grooves in the damage zone and DIC strain contours, it is concluded that the non-monotonic relationship is dominated by the properties of the Kevlar/epoxy interfaces and deformation of the distorted fibers.
