Destruction of industrial waste in cement rotary kilns (CRKs) is an alternative technology for the treatment of certain types of industrial waste (IW). In this paper, three typical types of industrial wastes were co-i...Destruction of industrial waste in cement rotary kilns (CRKs) is an alternative technology for the treatment of certain types of industrial waste (IW). In this paper, three typical types of industrial wastes were co-incinerated in the CRK at Beijing Cement Plant to determine the effects of waste disposal (especially solid waste disposal) on the quality of clinker and the concentration of pollutants in air emission. Experimental results show that (1) waste disposal does not affect the quality of clinker and fly ash, and fly ash after the IW disposal can still be used in the cement production, (2) heavy metals from IW are immobilized and stabilized in the clinker and cement, and (3) concentration of pollutants in air emission is far below than the permitted values in the China National Standard-Air Pollutants Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996).展开更多
Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in ...Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.展开更多
Coal washing plants are usually fed from various sources. Coals include different combinations which should be considered for increasing the plant proficiency. Thus different methods have been used to enrich various c...Coal washing plants are usually fed from various sources. Coals include different combinations which should be considered for increasing the plant proficiency. Thus different methods have been used to enrich various coal types. In this study, Alborz-Sharghi coal washing plant was investigated which is fed from five coalmines. The optimum recovery was achieved for all coal types individually through experimental design. The controllable operation parameters in the experiments were collector dosage,frother dosage, solid percent content and particle size. The other parameters such as impeller speed,pH, conditioning time and flotation time were kept constant for all experiments. The optimum combination of coals was also specified. The results show that the optimum recovery for coal blends is 91.2%which shows much improvement relative to the plant conditions.展开更多
From beginning of 90's, the Brazilian nuclear policy has been changed radically. This determined the interruption of most R&D fuel cycle activities and the facilities shutdown at Nuclear and Energetic Research Insti...From beginning of 90's, the Brazilian nuclear policy has been changed radically. This determined the interruption of most R&D fuel cycle activities and the facilities shutdown at Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute (IPEN). The existence of those facilities also implicated in the need of constant surveillance, representing additional obligations, costs and problems. The reasons to promote the dismantling of the IPEN's Nuclear Fuel Cycle Pilot Plants elapsed mainly from the need of physical space for new activities, since the R&D in the nuclear fuel cycle area were interrupted. In the last decade, IPEN has changed its "nuclear profile" to a "comprehensive and multidisciplinary profile". With the end of most nuclear fuel cycle activities, the former facilities were distributed in four different centers. Each center has adopted a different strategy and priority to face the D&D problem. The available resources depend on the specific program in each area's development (resources available from other sources, not only from Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN). One of those new activities is the IPEN's Environmental Program. This paper describes the procedures, problems faced and results related to the reintegration of the former pilot plant areas as new laboratories of the Chemical and Environmental Technology Center-CQMA of the IPEN.展开更多
Ammonia corrosion in copper tube will affect the safety of boiler running in power plant. Therefore, no copper in heating system has become a technical orientation in heat exchanger reconstruction, This paper analy...Ammonia corrosion in copper tube will affect the safety of boiler running in power plant. Therefore, no copper in heating system has become a technical orientation in heat exchanger reconstruction, This paper analyzes the condition and mechanism of ammonia corrosion occurring in copper tube used in coal-fired power plants. Using a general steam condensation testing equipment only for horizontal single tube, with water vapor and water as working fluid, on two types of steel tube with 2-side enhancement heat transfer, namely, a spirally fluted tube and a ratchet tube with internal spiral groove (RISG tube) which was developed recently, a set of experimental tests are conducted to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer and hydromeehanics. In order to compare easily, both one copper smooth tube and one steel smooth tube are also used in the experiment. The experimental results, which get from single horizontal tube, show that the overall heat transfer coefficient of steel spirally fluted tube are improved by 10%o to 17%, and that of the steel RISG tube(22%-28%) is better than steel spirally fluted tube, its flow resistance coefficient is only increased by 22% to 66% when compared with smooth tube. Based on a lot of experimental data, the steel spirally fluted tube and the steel RISG tube were applied in a low pressure preheater and an oil-cooler of some or other power plant respectively. The field testing results showed that their heat transfer coefficient with each types of enhancement heat transfer tubes were improved by 2.5% and 21%-45% comparing with copper smooth tube heat exchangers. Both basic and field experiment indicates that the steel tube with 2-side enhancement heat transfer is an ideal choice for heat exchanger reconstruction in no copper issue in power plants.展开更多
In this report, the author describes and compares two innovative processes for producing thermal energy based on cavitation and nuclear fusion reactions in the indoor environment. Experiments conducted in the laborato...In this report, the author describes and compares two innovative processes for producing thermal energy based on cavitation and nuclear fusion reactions in the indoor environment. Experiments conducted in the laboratory IHS (Intensive Heating System) of IE "Revinov N. M." indicate that the process of lasso-vortex cavitation, which generates by means of an electric arc obtained HV-EI, gas-liquid plasma state in the EHH-CTC (electro-hydraulic heater with cavitation thermal camera) is not inferior and sometimes even superior in heat transfer to NF-AC (nuclear fusion reactions in ambient conditions).展开更多
The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confi...The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confirm the scaling effect of the facility. It has been shown that the optimum reaction temperature was 190℃ and reaction time was 30 minutes for both facilities. The dehydration performance of the products of the hydrothermal treatment and the natural drying performance of the dehydrated residue were almost the same for both facilities, which demonstrated that the small-scale pilot facility could simulate the commercial-scale plant well. With these optimum hydrothermal reaction conditions, the moisture content of the dehydrated product was less than 40% by the use of the frame filter, which had better dehydration performance than the centrifuge dehydrator. The moisture content of the dehydrated solid residue could be reduced less than 20% and 10% after 24 hours and 48 hours natural drying, respectively. The solubilization rate of sludge into the dehydrated liquid was 10% and 90% of the solid content in the raw sludge could be recovered as a dry solid fuel by this process with reduced energy requirement compared with conventional thermal drying processes. Too high reaction temperature or too long reaction time increased the content of solid material in the dehydrated liquid (solubilization rate of sludge) and reduced the yield of the dry solid fuel.展开更多
Regarding the studies of other authors about energy performance of a reverse osmosis desalination plant operating with variable pressure; about desalination efficiency in their different recent articles, we continued ...Regarding the studies of other authors about energy performance of a reverse osmosis desalination plant operating with variable pressure; about desalination efficiency in their different recent articles, we continued working in this way researching in a real seawater reverse osmosis plant following the items below. The objectives of this test are to get the minimum electrical consumption and energy costs for the operation of a sea water desalination plant using membranes. We need to compare the performance of the different membranes manufacturer's and to determine, under this new thermal scenario, the optimal configuration to get the water quality and quantity needs with the minimum energy consumption.展开更多
Modeling and validation of full power converter wind turbine models with field measurement data are rarely reported in papers. In this paper an aggregated generic dynamic model of the wind farm consisting of full powe...Modeling and validation of full power converter wind turbine models with field measurement data are rarely reported in papers. In this paper an aggregated generic dynamic model of the wind farm consisting of full power converter wind turbines is composed and the model validation based on actual field measurements is performed. The paper is based on the measurements obtained from the real short circuit test applied to connection point of observed wind farm. The presented approach for validating the composed model and fault ride-through (FRT) capability for the whole wind park is unique in overall practice and its significance and importance is described and analyzed.展开更多
In order to clarify the effect of condensate inundation on steam condensation in a large tube bundle, condensation heat transfer and the condensate flow pattern in the tube bundle have been experimentally investigated...In order to clarify the effect of condensate inundation on steam condensation in a large tube bundle, condensation heat transfer and the condensate flow pattern in the tube bundle have been experimentally investigated. Test tube bundle consists of 36 cooling tubes, 12 condensate supply tubes and 24 un-cooled dummy tubes. Cooling test tubes are made of copper and have an outer diameter of 19.1 mm and condensing length of 150 mm, Steam flows horizontally through the test tube bundle at gap velocities 15-27 m/s at pressures of 8.8 kPa. In this study, experimental data about condensate flow pattern and condensation heat transfer in a tube bundle were collected for the optimization of tube arrangement in large power plant condensers.展开更多
Flammulina velutipes is an edible fungus with the largest amount of factory-like cultivation yield in China. In this study,based on many years of cultivation experience, 2 kinds of factory-like high-yield cultivating ...Flammulina velutipes is an edible fungus with the largest amount of factory-like cultivation yield in China. In this study,based on many years of cultivation experience, 2 kinds of factory-like high-yield cultivating techniques of F. velutipes in China were summarized. One way is bag cultivation, and the other way is bottle cultivation. The cultivation process of the 2 methods were introduced in detail, including mixing material, bagging or bottling, sterilization, inoculation, spawn running, and mushroom fruiting.展开更多
文摘Destruction of industrial waste in cement rotary kilns (CRKs) is an alternative technology for the treatment of certain types of industrial waste (IW). In this paper, three typical types of industrial wastes were co-incinerated in the CRK at Beijing Cement Plant to determine the effects of waste disposal (especially solid waste disposal) on the quality of clinker and the concentration of pollutants in air emission. Experimental results show that (1) waste disposal does not affect the quality of clinker and fly ash, and fly ash after the IW disposal can still be used in the cement production, (2) heavy metals from IW are immobilized and stabilized in the clinker and cement, and (3) concentration of pollutants in air emission is far below than the permitted values in the China National Standard-Air Pollutants Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996).
文摘Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.
文摘Coal washing plants are usually fed from various sources. Coals include different combinations which should be considered for increasing the plant proficiency. Thus different methods have been used to enrich various coal types. In this study, Alborz-Sharghi coal washing plant was investigated which is fed from five coalmines. The optimum recovery was achieved for all coal types individually through experimental design. The controllable operation parameters in the experiments were collector dosage,frother dosage, solid percent content and particle size. The other parameters such as impeller speed,pH, conditioning time and flotation time were kept constant for all experiments. The optimum combination of coals was also specified. The results show that the optimum recovery for coal blends is 91.2%which shows much improvement relative to the plant conditions.
文摘From beginning of 90's, the Brazilian nuclear policy has been changed radically. This determined the interruption of most R&D fuel cycle activities and the facilities shutdown at Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute (IPEN). The existence of those facilities also implicated in the need of constant surveillance, representing additional obligations, costs and problems. The reasons to promote the dismantling of the IPEN's Nuclear Fuel Cycle Pilot Plants elapsed mainly from the need of physical space for new activities, since the R&D in the nuclear fuel cycle area were interrupted. In the last decade, IPEN has changed its "nuclear profile" to a "comprehensive and multidisciplinary profile". With the end of most nuclear fuel cycle activities, the former facilities were distributed in four different centers. Each center has adopted a different strategy and priority to face the D&D problem. The available resources depend on the specific program in each area's development (resources available from other sources, not only from Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN). One of those new activities is the IPEN's Environmental Program. This paper describes the procedures, problems faced and results related to the reintegration of the former pilot plant areas as new laboratories of the Chemical and Environmental Technology Center-CQMA of the IPEN.
文摘Ammonia corrosion in copper tube will affect the safety of boiler running in power plant. Therefore, no copper in heating system has become a technical orientation in heat exchanger reconstruction, This paper analyzes the condition and mechanism of ammonia corrosion occurring in copper tube used in coal-fired power plants. Using a general steam condensation testing equipment only for horizontal single tube, with water vapor and water as working fluid, on two types of steel tube with 2-side enhancement heat transfer, namely, a spirally fluted tube and a ratchet tube with internal spiral groove (RISG tube) which was developed recently, a set of experimental tests are conducted to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer and hydromeehanics. In order to compare easily, both one copper smooth tube and one steel smooth tube are also used in the experiment. The experimental results, which get from single horizontal tube, show that the overall heat transfer coefficient of steel spirally fluted tube are improved by 10%o to 17%, and that of the steel RISG tube(22%-28%) is better than steel spirally fluted tube, its flow resistance coefficient is only increased by 22% to 66% when compared with smooth tube. Based on a lot of experimental data, the steel spirally fluted tube and the steel RISG tube were applied in a low pressure preheater and an oil-cooler of some or other power plant respectively. The field testing results showed that their heat transfer coefficient with each types of enhancement heat transfer tubes were improved by 2.5% and 21%-45% comparing with copper smooth tube heat exchangers. Both basic and field experiment indicates that the steel tube with 2-side enhancement heat transfer is an ideal choice for heat exchanger reconstruction in no copper issue in power plants.
文摘In this report, the author describes and compares two innovative processes for producing thermal energy based on cavitation and nuclear fusion reactions in the indoor environment. Experiments conducted in the laboratory IHS (Intensive Heating System) of IE "Revinov N. M." indicate that the process of lasso-vortex cavitation, which generates by means of an electric arc obtained HV-EI, gas-liquid plasma state in the EHH-CTC (electro-hydraulic heater with cavitation thermal camera) is not inferior and sometimes even superior in heat transfer to NF-AC (nuclear fusion reactions in ambient conditions).
文摘The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confirm the scaling effect of the facility. It has been shown that the optimum reaction temperature was 190℃ and reaction time was 30 minutes for both facilities. The dehydration performance of the products of the hydrothermal treatment and the natural drying performance of the dehydrated residue were almost the same for both facilities, which demonstrated that the small-scale pilot facility could simulate the commercial-scale plant well. With these optimum hydrothermal reaction conditions, the moisture content of the dehydrated product was less than 40% by the use of the frame filter, which had better dehydration performance than the centrifuge dehydrator. The moisture content of the dehydrated solid residue could be reduced less than 20% and 10% after 24 hours and 48 hours natural drying, respectively. The solubilization rate of sludge into the dehydrated liquid was 10% and 90% of the solid content in the raw sludge could be recovered as a dry solid fuel by this process with reduced energy requirement compared with conventional thermal drying processes. Too high reaction temperature or too long reaction time increased the content of solid material in the dehydrated liquid (solubilization rate of sludge) and reduced the yield of the dry solid fuel.
文摘Regarding the studies of other authors about energy performance of a reverse osmosis desalination plant operating with variable pressure; about desalination efficiency in their different recent articles, we continued working in this way researching in a real seawater reverse osmosis plant following the items below. The objectives of this test are to get the minimum electrical consumption and energy costs for the operation of a sea water desalination plant using membranes. We need to compare the performance of the different membranes manufacturer's and to determine, under this new thermal scenario, the optimal configuration to get the water quality and quantity needs with the minimum energy consumption.
文摘Modeling and validation of full power converter wind turbine models with field measurement data are rarely reported in papers. In this paper an aggregated generic dynamic model of the wind farm consisting of full power converter wind turbines is composed and the model validation based on actual field measurements is performed. The paper is based on the measurements obtained from the real short circuit test applied to connection point of observed wind farm. The presented approach for validating the composed model and fault ride-through (FRT) capability for the whole wind park is unique in overall practice and its significance and importance is described and analyzed.
文摘In order to clarify the effect of condensate inundation on steam condensation in a large tube bundle, condensation heat transfer and the condensate flow pattern in the tube bundle have been experimentally investigated. Test tube bundle consists of 36 cooling tubes, 12 condensate supply tubes and 24 un-cooled dummy tubes. Cooling test tubes are made of copper and have an outer diameter of 19.1 mm and condensing length of 150 mm, Steam flows horizontally through the test tube bundle at gap velocities 15-27 m/s at pressures of 8.8 kPa. In this study, experimental data about condensate flow pattern and condensation heat transfer in a tube bundle were collected for the optimization of tube arrangement in large power plant condensers.
基金Sponsored by the Shanghai Municipal Government Foundation(No.2015-5-1)Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Edible Fungi(No.16DZ2281300)
文摘Flammulina velutipes is an edible fungus with the largest amount of factory-like cultivation yield in China. In this study,based on many years of cultivation experience, 2 kinds of factory-like high-yield cultivating techniques of F. velutipes in China were summarized. One way is bag cultivation, and the other way is bottle cultivation. The cultivation process of the 2 methods were introduced in detail, including mixing material, bagging or bottling, sterilization, inoculation, spawn running, and mushroom fruiting.