简易验蛋器的制作及应用

验蛋的方法是利用灯光和自然光透视蛋的内部情况。在没有验蛋设备的情况下,传统方法是把孵化室门窗遮盖后并在门窗上挖一个或几个圆形小孔,利用灯光或自然光透视,验蛋效果不很理想。

智能型鸡胚照蛋箱的设计与研制

设计具备人工暗室和消毒杀菌条件,且照蛋灯采用不发热LED光源的照蛋箱,并通过89C52RC单片机系统实现了对照蛋箱的恒温控制,在照蛋过程中不仅增加了清晰度,并且避免了孵化机与外界的温差以及光源发热对鸡胚的伤害。研究结果表明:该智能型照蛋箱能满足养殖场、实验动物中心以及药厂等单位的鸡胚照蛋管理要求,有助于高效剔除无精蛋、坏死蛋。

Subcellular Distribution of Calcium, Magnesium and Iron in Brassica napus Leaves during Cold Acclimatization

[Objective] The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg） and iron （Fe） subcellular distributions in oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） leaves during cold acclimatization. [Method] A field experiment was conducted at two contrasting environments with three replicates and included a freezing sensitive variety （cv. Zhongshuang No. 11, ZS） and a freezing tolerant variety （cv. Ganyouza No. 1, GY）. [Result] The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly increased in plants roots, and the concentrations of Ca and Mg were significantly decreased but the Fe concentration was significantly increased in plants shoots. In leaves, the Ca concentration stored in soluble fraction was significantly increased and the Ca concentration of organelle-contained fraction and cell wall-associated fraction were significantly decreased with experiment time. The Mg concentrations stored in soluble fraction, organelle-contained fraction and cell wall-associated fraction were decreased with time. In contrary, the Fe concentration stored in soluble fraction, organelle-contained fraction and cell wall associated-fraction was significantly increased with time. Meanwhile, the changes of these measures of ZS were much higher than those of GY during cold acclimatization, which might be due to the GY is a freezing tolerant variety but ZS is not. [Conclusion] These results suggested that increasing the concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe in plants shoots might increase the cold resistance of oilseed rape.

Proteinases from the digestive organs of black carp （Mylopharyngodon piceus）： Partial characterization and protein digestibility in vitro

A series of experiments based on electrophoretical and biochemical assays were conducted to partially characterize proteinases present in the hepatopancreas and intestine of black carp （Mylopharyngodon piceus）, and investigate enzymatic activity and protein digestibility in vitro. Casein digestion assays revealed the presence of acidic proteinases with optimum activity in the range of pH 2.0-2.5 and alkaline proteinases with significantly higher activities both in the range of pH 8.1-8.6 and near pH 9.5. The inhibition and substrate specificity assays showed that trypsin and chymotrypsin are the main active components of the alkaline proteinases. The SDS-substrate-PAGE showed that the crude extract of black carp intestine had eight types of alkaline proteinases with the molecular mass range of 27.5-78.5 kDa while the crude extract of black carp hepatopancreas had six types of alkaline proteinases with the molecular mass range of 27.5-78.5 kDa. These enzymes were characterized as trypsin （27.5 kDa, 30.1 kDa）, chymotrypsin （40.5 kDa, 42.5 kDa）, serine proteinases （32.1 kDa, 33.2 kDa） and non-serine proteinase （61.5 kDa, 78.5 kDa）.In vitro protein digestibility assays showed that black cardcan be able to utilize a wider range of proteins.

Study on DNA Immunization by Recombinants Encoding Japanese Encephalitis Virus prME and E Proteins

To study the expression characteristic of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) prME and E proteins and the efficacy of DNA immunization by different recombinant plasmids containing JEV prME (2001 bp) and E (1500 bp) genes, two recombinants (pJME and pJE) containing JEV prME and E genes fused with FLAG were constructed and then transfected into HepG2 and COS-1 cells by liposome fusion. The expression feature of FLAG-prME (about 72 kDa) and FLAG-E (about 54 kDa) proteins in transfected cells were analyzed by Western blot and two antibody systems (anti-FLAG and anti-E). BALB/c mice were immunized with 100 μg of two kinds of recombinants by intramuscular injection, and JEV JaGAr-01 strains (10 5 PFU/100 μl)were given to BALB/c mice by intraperioneal injection 3 wk after twice DNA immunization by a lethal virus challenge. BALB/c mice were observed for 21 days after challenge. 80% plaque reduction neutralization test was performed to titrate neutralization antibody before and after viral challenge. It was found that the expression of proteins associated with pJME and pJE was determined in transfected cells with anti-FLAG and a new protein of 11 kDa was detected in HepG2 and COS-1 cells transfected with pJME. Only E (53 kDa) protein was identified as transfected with pJME using anti-E. Higher level of neutralization antibodies and the efficacy of protective immunity were induced with pJME immunization, and were similar to those induced by inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, but were better than those induced with pJE. It concludes that the expression level from prM to E proteins of JEV is different in vitro, and the in vitro expression efficiency of pJME was better than that of pJE. FLAG-prME protein expressed by pJME could be cleaved by peptidase from host. The efficacy of DNA immunization is correlated to the expression characterization of related proteins expressed in vitro.

平箱孚化

平箱结构简单,成本低,易操作,孵化效果高。根据我们几年来的试验,孵化率可达90—96％。平箱孵化不受无电源或供电不正常的影响,可在农村推广。一、平箱的构造根据现有条件,就地取材,以废木框、木板(用作外壁)、厚纸板(用作内壁),在两层之间加塞棉花(或木屑、草木灰)制成。平箱分上下两部分,上部分为孵蛋部分,其内径高60厘米、宽60厘米,可放三个蛋筛,一次可孵蛋100—150枚,下部为热源部分,高为34厘米,宽为60厘米,放一号马蹄煤油灯一盏,两部分之间用木板隔开,木板中间有孔洞(孔洞直径为42厘米)。