基于3D打印的胸部个体化剂量验证体模设计

目的:为更精确地对治疗计划进行验证,利用3D打印设计出反映患者真实情况的个体化体模。方法:依据病人定位时的CT图像重建并进行3D打印得到患者的三维立体结构空壳,然后以CT值为依据选择各组织的辐射等效材料完成填充,即得到体现病人特征的个体化剂量验证体模。结果:将合成的等效材料行CT扫描,骨组织、肺组织、软组织、肿瘤CT值分别为1 100、-747.6、-22、-471 HU,误差均小于22%。结论:最终设计的胸部体模能够较准确地体现个体之间的差异,等效材料辐射等效性较好,可用于实际剂量验证。

放射治疗剂量验证模体的设计及应用

放射治疗前的剂量验证是必不可少的重要环节。根据放射治疗物理学原理,本文设计一款材料易寻的模拟人体曲度、等效于人体多种组织密度的放疗剂量验证模体。

位置重复性对射波刀模体绝对剂量验证的影响

目的:对医院新引进的射波刀按照国际原子能机构(IAEA)TRS-398号报告进行模体绝对剂量测量,进而探索水模体位置的重复性对治疗计划绝对剂量验证通过率的影响,确保输出剂量更加精准地投照到患者肿瘤。方法:选取60、40和25 mm 3种准直器按照正面入射、侧面入射和混合入射方式分别设计3个计划,采用德国PTW公司的UNIDOSEwebline型静电计和TW310100.125cc指形电离室测量绝对剂量。结果:每一组实验3种不同准直器测量对治疗计划绝对剂量的TPS计算值与实际测量值之间的偏差基本一致(小于0.7%)。当射束全部从模体的正面入射时,无论是单射束还是多个射束,验证偏差均在2%左右;随着侧向射束的引入,其值由3%左右逐渐增大到4%左右;甚至当射束全部从侧向入射时,偏差达5%以上;但将模体固定之后再重复测量,即使在侧向射束也存在的条件下,偏差下降为2%左右。结论:模体空间相对位置的重复性是引起计划系统计算结果和实际测量结果之间偏差增大的主要原因。

简易型模拟剂量验证模体的设计及应用

三维适形放射治疗属精确放疗的一种,对于其中的剂量验证,通常是用人体等效模体来进行,但其价格昂贵,较多医院的放疗科未配备此产品。作者发明的简易型模拟剂量验证模体,可做为人体等效模体的替代品,能较好的解决基层医院放疗科对适形放疗剂量验证较难的一个状况。

医用直线加速器(LA)辐射剂量验证软件临床应用质量检测技术专家共识

国内外学者在利用成人胸腹剂量验证动态体模对LA辐射剂量验证软件进行质量评价过程中,在检测条件、检测项目、检测方法及评价标准等方面存在一定差异,检测结果难以互认。因此,有必要对基于成人胸腹剂量验证动态体模的LA辐射剂量验证软件临床应用质量检测形成共识。在2019年3月召开的专家共识会上经充分征求放射治疗和临床工程专家意见,结合LA辐射剂量验证软件符合性评价研究结果,专家共识组发布《医用直线加速器(LA)辐射剂量验证软件临床应用质量检测技术专家共识》。该共识结合了理论与实践,讨论了成人胸腹剂量验证动态体模的组成结构、功能特征与临床意义,详细阐述在LA辐射剂量验证软件质量控制中的检测条件、检测项目、检测方法及评价标准,以期更好地规范利用成人胸腹剂量验证动态体模对LA辐射剂量验证软件临床应用质量进行评价。

基于验证模体的第六代射波刀系统多叶光栅模式临床质量控制检测研究

目的设计并实现一种第6代射波刀(CK-M6)多叶光栅(MLC)模式的日常输出稳定性晨检方法。方法将20 cm×20 cm×10 cm验证体模(Phantom),经CT扫描后图像传入Precision计划系统,采用Fiducial追踪方式实现加速器输出前端与Phantom表面相对固定位置的高精度对准,设计10 cm×10 cm的MLC照射野且输出200 MU的晨检计划DailyCheck,进行重复性、灵敏度与准确度测量,并采用人工Fixed方式及研究所设计的DailyCheck方式对CK-M6进行1个月连续检测。结果DailyCheck 10次重复性测量均值为492.28 pC,标准差为0.09,具有较好的稳定性;测量值对系统输出剂量呈线性响应,二者相关系数R^(2)>0.999;当Phantom相对加速器输出前端中心位置的左右/前后方向上具有2 mm位置偏差时,位置所引起的测量误差等效于1.24 MU的输出剂量偏差;采用人工Fixed方式及DailyCheck方式连续测量结果均在允许限值内,且二者具有较好的一致性。结论通过验证体模Fiducial追踪所建立的DailyCheck晨检方式能简便、快捷、精准的实现CK-M6系统MLC模式下输出剂量稳定性的日常检测,可广泛用于临床CKM6系统的质量控制。

CFD Simulation and Experimental Validation of Fluid Flow in Pre-distributor

Liquid distributor is a very import intemal for distillation columns. Pre-distributor is usually set on the top of distributor for initial distribution. Fluid flow in pre-distributor is a complex system of variable mass flow with many orifices and sub-branches. Consequently, the two phase modeling of pre-distributors was carried out andthe homogeneous model with free surface model was applied. The numerical method was validated by comparing with experimental data. Using the simulated results for different pre-distributors, the impacts of inflow rate, location and orientation uoon the outflow distribution were investigated. Furthermore, influences of the outflow distribution for pre-distributor on liquid uniformity in trough were also analyzed, The conclusions can De aaoptea for me structural design of liquid distributor and pre-distributor of large scale.

3D打印技术在放疗中的应用进展

3D打印技术是一种新兴的制造技术,可以制作出各种精细、结构复杂的产品,降低了产品的制造难度,在医学领域被广泛应用。本文总结了3D打印技术及其实现方式,在制作放疗组织补偿膜、射程补偿器方面的应用,还介绍了3D技术在后装放疗及放疗剂量验证方面的应用,总结前人研究发现3D打印产品可以实现提高放疗靶区的剂量精度,降低周围正常组织的剂量,而3D打印技术与放疗技术相结合,可以提高放疗的精确度和安全性,为肿瘤精确放疗提供强有力支撑。本文总结分析的3D打印技术在放疗中的应用现状和进展有助于他人研究快速获取参考资料。

Domain-specific modeling and verification for C4ISR capability requirements

An approach was proposed to specify the C4ISR capability of domain-specific modeling language.To confine the domain modeling within a standard architecture framework,formally a C4ISR capability meta-ontology was defined according to the meta-model of DoD Architecture Framework.The meta-ontology is used for extending UML Profile so that the domain experts can model the C4ISR domains using the C4ISR capability meta-concepts to define a domain-specific modeling language.The domain models can be then checked to guarantee the consistency and completeness through converting the UML models into the Description Logic ontology and making use of inference engine Pellet to verify the ontology.

Numerical simulation of dynamic process for liquid film spreading by lattice Boltzmann method and its experimental verification

Combined with the kinetic model of liquid film spreading, a new numerical method of solid-liquid-gas three-phase flow was developed for the moving of contact line, which was a hybrid method of computational fluid dynamics and lattice Boltzmalm method （LBM）. By taking the effect of molecule force in droplet and the wall surface on liquid film into account, the changing law of contact angle with different surface tensions was analyzed on glass and aluminum foil surfaces. Compared with experimental results, the standard deviation by using LBM is less than 0.5°, which validates the feasibility of LBM simulation on the dynamic process of liquid film spreading. In addition, oscillations are discovered both at the initial and end phases. The phenomenon of retraction is also found and the maximum retraction angle is 7.58°. The obtained result shows that the retraction is proved to be correlative with precursor film by tracking the volume change of liquid film contour. Furthermore, non-dimensional coefficient 2 is introduced to measure the liquid film retraction capacity.

Characterization of Rayleigh Convection in Interfacial Mass Transfer by Lattice Boltzmann Simulation and Experimental Verification

Concentration gradient induced Rayleigh convection can influence effectively interracial mass transfer processes, but the convection phenomena are known as mesoscopic and complex. In order to investigate this phenomenon, a two-equation Lattice Boltzmann Method （LBM） is proposed to simulate the velocity and the concentra-tion distributions of Rayleigh convection generated in the CO2 absorptlon into ethanol liquid.The simulated results on velocity distributions are experimentally verified by PIV （particle image velocimetry technique） measurements. In order to simplify the analysis, the convection in the simulation as well as in the experiment, the Rayleigh convection was manipulated into a single down flow pattern, The simulated results show that the concentration contours agree qualitatively with the schlieren images in the literature. The experimental and simulated results show that theRayleigh convection under investigation is dominated by the flow in the downward direction and impels exchange of the liquid between the interfacial vicinity and the liquid bulk promoting the renewal of interfacial liquid, and hence enhances mass transfer. The comparison between the simulated and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed LBM is a promising alternative for simulating mass transfer induced Rayleigh convection.

Fluid Flow Past a Circular Cylinder with Tandem Rod and Staggered Rod at Low Reynolds Number

The flow past a primary cylinder with one tandem control rod and one staggered control rod is simulated in this paper through solving the Navier-Stokes equations. Two examples are simulated to validate the model, and the results matched well with those of previous researches. The Reynolds number based on the diameter of the primary cylinder is 500. The diameter ratio between the control rod and the primary cylinder （d/D） is 0.25. It was found that the effect of the combination of one upstream tandem control rod and one staggered control rod on the hydrodynamics of the primary cylinder is a linear superposition of the effect of a corresponding single control rod, and the effect of the upstream tandem control rod is dominant at larger spacing ratios such as G/D=2. For the combination of a downstream tandem control rod and a staggered control rod, the effect of the control rods is different from that of the corresponding single control rod in the region of 0.2〈G/D〈0.5 ＆ 30°〈a〈120° and 0.9〈G/D〈1.4 ＆ 30°〈a〈50°, where the additional effect is obvious. In this case, the effect of the downstream tandem control rod is dominant at small spacing ratios （such as G/D=0.1）. At moderate spacing ratios such as G/D=0.4, the effects of the tandem control rod and the staggered control rod are comparable in both cases.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis on effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation

A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects.The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model.There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model.The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss.Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline.Within the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are induced.It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect.

Theory and experimental verification of valveless piezoelectric pump with rotatable unsymmetrical slopes

A valveless piezoelectric pump with rotatable unsymmetrical slopes is developed in this research.It has the following features:The pump integrates driving and transporting,and it can mix different fluids while transporting them.In this paper,firstly,the design of the valveless piezoelectric pump with rotatable unsymmetrical slopes was proposed,and the single-direction flow principle was explained.Then,the fluid mechanics model of the valveless piezoelectric pump with rotatable unsymmetrical slopes was established.Meanwhile,the numerical simulation of the pump was performed.Finally,the experiments on relationship between the rotation angles of the slope and the flow rates were conducted.The experimental results showed that the maximum flow was 32.32 mL min 1.The maximum relative error between the theoretical results and the experimental ones was 14.59%.For the relationship between rotation angles and flow ratio of two inlets,the relative error between the experimental and theoretical maxima was 3.75%.Thus,the experiments proved the feasibility of the pump design and verified the theory.

Theoretical analysis and experimental study of an air inflated membrane structure

In this paper,an experimental study of an air inflated membrane was carried out based on the China National Stadium (the Bird's Nest). After the 2008 Olympic Games,it was apparent that the future use of the Bird's Nest would be enhanced if rainfall could be prevented from entering the stadium. The installation of an air inflated membrane across the opening of the steel structure was proposed as a solution to this problem. To verify the scheme,a theoretical analysis and experimental study of an air inflated membrane was carried out. Experimental and computational models were developed,form-finding was carried out using both experimental and theoretical methods,and the results from the two approaches,including the deflection of the air inflated membrane and deformation of the support structure,were analyzed and compared. The force-transfer path and deformation of the air inflated membrane under loads was studied. Conclusions and suggestions are presented.

Adjusting principle of gas jet controlling inlet and numerical verification

To improve the inlet performance of a ramjet working under variable conditions,a design is proposed by controlling the inlet with jet controlling,which combines the method of reducing the sealing Mach number of the external waves and the technique of controlling inlet by jet controlling.Three inlets were designed to analyze the feasibility and a numerical simulation method was used to simulate the three inlet flow fields.The adjustment mechanism of the design was studied through analysis of the simulation results.The design was verified by comparing the performances of the three inlets.The study showed that the method of reducing the sealing Mach number of the external wave system can improve the flow coefficient when the inlet works at low Mach numbers.The technique of controlling inlet by jet controlling can homogenize inlet flow fields at high Mach numbers,reduce effective throat area and increase the total pressure recovery(TPR).Adjustable inlets controlled by jet controlling demonstrate good performance at certain working ranges.

Verification on Spray Simulation of a Pintle Injector for Liquid Rocket Engine

The pintle injector used for a liquid rocket engine is a newly re-attracted injection system famous for its wide throttle ability with high efficiency. The pintle injector has many variations with complex inner structures due to its moving parts. In order to study the rotating flow near the injector tip, which was observed from the cold flow experiment using water and air, a numerical simulation was adopted and a verification of the numerical model was later conducted. For the verification process, three types of experimental data including velocity distributions of gas flows, spray angles and liquid distribution were all compared using simulated results. The numerical simulation was performed using a commercial simulation program with the Eulerian multiphase model and axisymmetric two dimensional grids. The maximum and minimum velocities of gas were within the acceptable range of agreement, however, the spray angles experienced up to 25% error when the momentum ratios were increased. The spray density distributions were quantitatively measured and had good agreement. As a result of this study, it was concluded that the simulation method was properly constructed to study specific flow characteristics of the pintle injector despite having the limitations of two dimensional and coarse grids.

A two-dimensional subthreshold current model for strained-Si MOSFET

An analytical model for the subthreshold current of a strained-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is developed by solving the two-dimensional (2D) Poisson equation and the conventional drift-diffusion theory. Model verification is carried out using the 2D device simulator ISE. Good agreement is obtained between the model's calculations and the simulated results. By analyzing the model, the dependence of current on the strained-Si layer strain, doping concentration, source/drain junction depths and substrate voltage is studied. This subthreshold current model provides valuable information for strained-Si MOSFET design.