Cycling is an eco-friendly method of transport and recreation. With the intent of reducing the energy cost of cycling without providing an additional energy source, we have proposed the use of a torsion spring for kne...Cycling is an eco-friendly method of transport and recreation. With the intent of reducing the energy cost of cycling without providing an additional energy source, we have proposed the use of a torsion spring for knee-extension support. We developed an exoskeleton prototype using a crossing four-bar mechanism as a knee joint with an embedded torsion spring. This study evaluates the passive knee exoskeleton using constant-power cycling tests performed by eight healthy male participants. We recorded the surface electromyography over the rectus femoris muscles of both legs, while the participants cycled at 200 and 225 W on a trainer with the developed wheel-accelerating system. We then analyzed these data in time-frequency via a continuous wavelet transform. At the same cycling speed and leg cadence, the median power spectral frequency of the electromyography increases with cycling load. At the same cycling load, the median power spectral frequency decreases when cycling with the exoskeleton. Quadriceps activity can be relieved despite the exoskeleton consuming no electrical energy and not delivering net-positive mechanical work. This fundamental can be applied to the further development of wearable devices for cycling assistance.展开更多
In this study, sucuk-like products （SLP） has a great consumption in Turkey, which are produced with broiler or mixture of beef and broiler meat and after stuffing into artificial casings heat treatment is applied af...In this study, sucuk-like products （SLP） has a great consumption in Turkey, which are produced with broiler or mixture of beef and broiler meat and after stuffing into artificial casings heat treatment is applied after rapid fermentation. Quality （color, pH, texture） and safety （2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS） value and biogenic amine） attributes of SLP made with broiler, mechanically deboned meat （MDM） of broiler chicken, mix of broiler chicken and beef, or mix of MDM of broiler chicken and MDM of beef were investigated, pH values of samples had similar range. Mechanically deboned meat containing samples have higher TBARS values than that of others. Samples made with MDM of broiler chicken have higher histamine, tyramine, putrescine and total biogenic amine concentrations than samples made with broiler chicken. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between total biogenic amine contents of fermented and non-fermented samples. Also, samples gave similar measured and calculated color values. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of samples made with MDM of broiler chicken were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than samples made with broiler chicken. It was observed that addition of mechanically deboned meat could result in loss of safety and quality attributes of sucuk-like products.展开更多
文摘Cycling is an eco-friendly method of transport and recreation. With the intent of reducing the energy cost of cycling without providing an additional energy source, we have proposed the use of a torsion spring for knee-extension support. We developed an exoskeleton prototype using a crossing four-bar mechanism as a knee joint with an embedded torsion spring. This study evaluates the passive knee exoskeleton using constant-power cycling tests performed by eight healthy male participants. We recorded the surface electromyography over the rectus femoris muscles of both legs, while the participants cycled at 200 and 225 W on a trainer with the developed wheel-accelerating system. We then analyzed these data in time-frequency via a continuous wavelet transform. At the same cycling speed and leg cadence, the median power spectral frequency of the electromyography increases with cycling load. At the same cycling load, the median power spectral frequency decreases when cycling with the exoskeleton. Quadriceps activity can be relieved despite the exoskeleton consuming no electrical energy and not delivering net-positive mechanical work. This fundamental can be applied to the further development of wearable devices for cycling assistance.
文摘In this study, sucuk-like products （SLP） has a great consumption in Turkey, which are produced with broiler or mixture of beef and broiler meat and after stuffing into artificial casings heat treatment is applied after rapid fermentation. Quality （color, pH, texture） and safety （2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS） value and biogenic amine） attributes of SLP made with broiler, mechanically deboned meat （MDM） of broiler chicken, mix of broiler chicken and beef, or mix of MDM of broiler chicken and MDM of beef were investigated, pH values of samples had similar range. Mechanically deboned meat containing samples have higher TBARS values than that of others. Samples made with MDM of broiler chicken have higher histamine, tyramine, putrescine and total biogenic amine concentrations than samples made with broiler chicken. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between total biogenic amine contents of fermented and non-fermented samples. Also, samples gave similar measured and calculated color values. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of samples made with MDM of broiler chicken were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than samples made with broiler chicken. It was observed that addition of mechanically deboned meat could result in loss of safety and quality attributes of sucuk-like products.
