Simultaneous Determination of Baicalin, Berberine and Rhein by HPLC in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Sanhuang Tablets

Aim To establish a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method forsimultaneous determination of three main medicinal constituents, baicalin, berberine and rhein, inSanhuang tablets. Methods The separation was performed on a Kromasil C_(18) column with TEA-adjusted0.02 mol·L^(-1) H_3PO_4 (pH 6.78)-acetonitrile-methanol (40 : 9 : 7) as mobile phase at aflow-rate of 1.0 mL·min^(-1), with detection at 254 ran. Considering interaction between acidic andalkaline compounds, three standard markers were added respectively and the volume of samplesolution was doubled in recovery experiments. Results Three regression equations revealed excellentlinear relationship between the peak areas and concentrations and the correlation coefficients allsurpassed 0.999 8. The average recovery was 96.1% (RSD = 2.1%) baicalin, 98.5% (RSD = 2.4%) forberberine, and 101.5% (RSD =1.3%) for rhein. Conclusion The method developed can be used to controlthe quality of Sanhuang tablets comprehensively.

小学美术微课资源教学开发与策略研究

现在很多学校的教学中都有应用到微课,这种教学方法在进行教学的过程中主要使用多媒体教学设备,将课本内容和多媒体设备结合到一起,帮助学生学习,从而提高学生的学科核心素养。现在社会上对于小学教育的要求很高,不仅仅要求学生有学术性方面的发展,还要求德智体方面的发展。微课,是一种比较创新的教学模式,也更能提起学生的学习兴趣,和美术教学的结合具有很大的可行性。

On-line Measurement for Ohmic Resistance in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell by Current Interruption Method

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used in fuel cell impedance analysis. However, for ohmic resistance (R Ω), EIS has some disadvantages such as long test period and complex data analysis with equivalent circuits. Therefore, the current interruption method is explored to measure the value of RΩ in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) at different temperatures and current densities. It is found that RΩ decreases as temperature increase, and decreases initially and then increases as current density increases. These results are consistent with those measured by the EIS technique. In most cases, the ohmic resistances with current interruption (R iR ) are larger than those with EIS (R EIS ), but the difference is small, in the range from –0.848% to 5.337%. The errors of R iR at high current densities are less than those of R EIS . Our results show that the R iR data are reliable and easy to obtain in the measurement of ohmic resistance in DMFC.

Biodegradation of Microcystin-RR by a New Isolated Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A promising bacterial strain for the biodegradation of Microcystins(MCs)was isolated from Dianchi lake in China and identified as Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 by the analysis of 16s rDNA.Initial MC-RR of 42.3 mg·L -1 was completely degraded by USTB-05 within 36 h,which was a relatively high biodegradation rate of MC-RR.With the cell-free extract(CE)of Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05,MC-RR was biodegraded at a more rapid biodegradation rate compared with its strain,so that initial MC-RR of 42.3 mg·L -1 was completely biodegraded within 10 h.During the bio-reaction of MC-RR catalyzed by CE,two intermediate metabolites and a dead-end product of MC-RR were observed on HPLC profiles and all of them had similar scanning profiles in the wavelength from 200 to 300 nm,indicating that the group of Adda in all products of MC-RR remained intact.

Research on dynamical derailment system for CRH

Based on an improved three-dimensional wheel-rail contact trace algorithm and a new model of wheel-rail contact force, wheel-rail derailment dynamical model is established on China Railways High-speed（CRH） vehicle and developed in MATLAB software, which is called dynamical derailment system for CRH （DDSCRH）. Analyzed on dynamical derailment process of high speed vehicle by DDSCRH, the critical position on chmb wheel and influence factors on lateral force for derailment are obtained. Finally, high-speed vehicle dynamical simulation is verified on DDSCRH by comparing with the existing results of the line test.

Swedish Poet Wins 2011 Nobel Prize for Literature

Through his condensed(凝练的), translucent(透彻的) images he gives us fresh access to reality. ——The Swedish Academy The Swedish

Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene in Municipal Sludge from the Yangtze River Delta, China

To evaluate the contaminated conditions of benzo[alpyrene （B[a]P） and phenanthrene （PA） in sludge and to ascertain whether B[a]P limit for land application of sludge exists, the contents of B[a]P and PA in 46 sludge samples from 15 cities in the Yangtze River Delta area of China were determined using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） coupled with a fluorescence detector after ultrasonic extraction and silica gel cleanup. B[a]P contents ranged from non-detectable to 1.693 mg kg^-1 dry weight （DW）, averaged 0.402 mg kg^-1 DW, and were 〈 1.0 mg kg^-1 DW in most of the sludge samples. PA was found in all the sludge samples analyzed; its contents ranged between 0.028 and 1.355 mg kg^-1 DW, with an average value of 0.298 mg kg^-1 DW. Most of the sludge samples contained 〈 0.5 mg kg^-1 DW PA. All 46 municipal sludge samples analyzed in this study showed B[a]P contents 〈 3.0 mg kg^-1 DW, which is the limit value for sludge applied to agricultural lands in China. The contents and distributions of B[a]P and PA in municipal sludge were related to sludge types, sources and treatment technologies, along with the physical and chemical properties of these pollutants.

A Study on Senior High School Students＇ English Reading Barriers and Strategies

Referring to the questionnaire surveys and literature materials, this paper tries to discuss the causes of high school students＇ English reading barriers and its possible strategies to improve their English reading ability. This paper used a questionnaire survey to collect data with 188 grade one high school students as research subject. The result shows English reading barriers are mainly divided into two parts, language factors and non-language factors. Language factors include vocabulary barriers, grammar barriers, discourse barriers and culture background barriers. Non-language factors mainly include psychological factors, reading habits, reading interest and reading strategies. It is suggested that joint efforts from teachers and students are needed to solve the reading barriers. Teachers should help students increase vocabulary accumulation, strengthen grammar knowledge, develop their discourse comprehension skills and teach culture knowledge in class. Students need to overcome psychological factors, develop good reading habits, do a series of trainings on reading, give immediate feedbacks and sum up reading experiences.

Analysis of Sampled Fiber Bragg Grating Based on the Photonic Crystal Theory

One of the most basic characteristics of photonic crystal is frequency band gap. When defects are introduced into the periodic photonic crystal, a number of defect modes appear in the stop band. In this paper, we exploit transfer matrix method based on photonic crystal theory, and assume the sampled fiber Bragg grating as one-dimensional dual photonic crystal with a large size defect. Characteristics of the sampled fiber Bragg grating are analyzed. Experimental results show that the sampled fiber Bragg grating has many reflective peaks. Its reflectivity, center wavelength, reflective peak intervals and band width all change with the grating parameters, including grating length, duty ratio of the material with high dielectric constant, and index modulation depth and period. Results agree with the conventional couple mode theory which can be used when analyzing other characteristics of the sampled fiber Bragg grating or applying it into practice.

Differential effects of teaching approaches on Chinese EFL learners of different writing abilities

To the issue on the superiority and inferiority of the ＂product approach＂ and the ＂process approach＂ writing teaching, an empirical study research of I00 non-English major students has been accomplished to testify the relationship between these different approaches and the different writing levels. The results are the ＂product approach＂ is more helpful to the learners with lower writing level; whereas, the ＂process approach＂ is more effective to ones with higher level. Furthermore, the teaching approach itself cannot affirm the superiority and inferiority, and it would not be at work unless is applied for corresponding learners.

Development of a Genetic Algorithm for Evaluating the Performance of Overhead Power Distribution Lines and Proposing Solutions to Improve Distribution Line Safety

This paper aims to present and discuss the use of a power flow methodology based on Gauss elimination method to evaluate the performance of distribution network taking into account the neutral conductor absence at specific sections, and a development of a methodology based on GA （genetic algorithm） capable of evaluating alternative solutions in different bars of the feeder, in order to propose appropriate solutions to improve the distribution network safety. Besides the technical aspects, the proposed GA methodology takes into account the economic feasibility analysis. The results of power flow simulations have shown that the presence of single-phase transformers along with the absence of the neutral conductor at specific sections of the MV （medium voltage） network may increase the Vng （neutral-to-ground voltage） levels of the feeders involved, jeopardizing the system＇s safety. On the other hand, the solutions proposed by the GA methodology may reduce the network Vng levels and improve the safety conditions, providing values close to the ones found before the neutral conductor theft.

Distribution and Elimination of Norfloxacin in Fenneropenaeus chinensis Larvae

This study examined the distribution and elimination of Norfloxacin （NFLX） in Fenneropenaeus chinensis ovary and egg and newly hatched larvae. Mature parental shrimp were exposed to 4 or 10mgL-1 NFLX for 2 or 5d. Ovary and eggs of the shrimp were sampled after spawning in order to detect NFLX residue using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Re- suits showed that NFLX residue accumulated in F. chinensis eggs after the parental exposure, with the highest residue detected in ovary. To examine the fate of NFLX residue in larvae, we further determined the concentration of NFLX residue in F. chinensis eggs and larvae at 4 different developmental stages after 24-h exposure. From the newly metamorphosed larvae （Oh post-metamorphosis, h.p.m）, samples were taken at different time intervals to 72 h,p.m. HPLC assay showed that the concentrations of NFLX residue in zoea exposed to 4 and 10mgL-1 NFLX were the highest at 1.5h, i.e., 0.332 and 0.454μgg-1, respectively. At the two NFLX expo- sure levels, the elimination time of half NFLX （half life） in nauplius was 45.36 and 49.85h, respectively, followed by that in zoea （31.68 and 33.13 h）, mysis larvae （42.24 and 47.28 h） and postlarvae （24.48 and 30.96 h）. Both NFLX exposure levels had a germi- cidal effect. The distribution and elimination of NFLX residue in F. chinensis tissue, eggs and larvae correlated well with the drug exposure level. The disappearance of NFLX residue coincided with the larval growth, and the half-life of NFLX decreased with the larval development.

The Research and Analysis to the Financing Dilemma and Countermeasures of China＇s Medium and Small Sized High-tech Enterprises

The Financing problem of Medium and small Sized High-tech Enterprises is the key point to enterprises＇ survival and development. Firstly it is pointed out that the difficulty in financing is due to without enough emphasis on Medium and Small Sized High-tech Enterprises, without sound targeted laws and regulations, the imperfect credit guarantee system, and corporate governance structure problem of the enterprise Then, according to the problems existing in the financing of China＇s Medium and Small Sized High-tech Enterprises, the assay put forward several countermeasures which have referential value.

Therapeutic observation of Gao's nape acupuncture plus swallowing training for pharyngeal deglutition disorder after stroke

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Gao's nape acupuncture plus swallowing training in treating pharyngeal deglutition disorder after stroke. Methods: One hundred patients with post-stroke pharyngeal deglutition disorder were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, with 50 cases in each group. The two groups both received routine neurological intervention. In addition, the treatment group was given Gao's nape acupuncture plus swallowing training, while the control group was intervened by swallowing training alone. After eight-week treatment, the two groups were observed in terms of the changes in repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), modified water swallowing test (MWST), standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) and swallowing-related quality of life (SWAL-QOL). The clinical efficacies of the two groups were also compared. Results: After treatment, the RSST grading, and scores of MWST, SSA and SWAL-QOL changed significantly in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The RSST grading, and scores of MWSX SSA and SWAL-QOL in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The total effective rate and markedly effective rate were respectively 100.0% and 72.3% in the treatment group, versus 97.9% and 34.0% in the control group. There was a significant differenee in the markedly effective rate between the two groups (P<0.01). The differenee in the clinical efficacy between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Con elusion: Gao's n ape acupu ncture plus swallowi ng training is an effective approach for post-stroke phary ngeal deglutiti on disorder. Its therapeutic efficacy is more significant than that of swallowing training alone.

Safety of Individual Medication of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) Based upon Assessment of Therapeutic Effects of Guo's Therapy Against Moderate Fluorosis of Bone

Objective: To assess the safety of individual medication of Guo's Ma Qian Decoction on the basis of effective treatment of fluorosis of bone with Guo's therapy. Methods: One hundred and fourteen cases of moderate fluorosis of bone were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=60) and a control group (n=54) between December 2007 and August 2009 by using the block randomized method and a central random system. At the same time of basic treatment, the patients in the treatment group were orally administrated with Guo's Ma Qian Decoction. The initial dose of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) was 0.4 g and increased by 0.05 g every two days, with the doses of other drugs unchanged, until the patient had "nux vomica response". For the patients with no "nux vomica response", the dosage was continued to increase and the maximum dosage was not more than 1.2 g/day. The control group was treated with decoction placebo. The changes of strychnine and brucine contents before and after processing and after decoction of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) were determined with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which were controlled within ranges stipulated in the Pharmacopeia; Adverse events were analyzed; Blood strychnine and brucine contents in 10 cases who had taken the drugs were determined. Results: 1) Strychnine (2.125%) and brucine (1.425%) contents before processing of Ma Qian Zi and 1.88% and 1.31% after processing all conformed with the standards of strychnine (1.2-2.2%) and brucine (no less than 0.8%) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. When the maximum dosage of Ma Qian Zi was 1.2 g/day, strychnine in the decoction was 11.17 mg and brucine was 7.44 mg, which all conformed with the maximum limited amount (strychnine 13.32 and brucine no less than 4.8 mg) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. 2) Eight cases had "nux vomica response" in the treatment group and one case in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). 3) Altogether 18 cases had adverse events, with an incidence rate of 15.38% (8 cases) in the treatment group and 18.52% (10 cases) in the control group, with no difference between the two groups (P>0.05); Among them, 10 cases (8.77%) with the adverse event were not related with therapeutic drugs, with an incidence rate of 6.67% (4 cases) in the treatment and 11.11% (6 cases) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Seven cases had suspicious relative adverse events, the risk in the treatment group was 0.658 times of the control group, with no significant difference (P>0.05), and one case had the toxic reaction of nux-vomica seed. 4) Strychnine and brucine were unable to be detected in the blood in all points of time in the 10 cases who had taken the drugs, indicating that plasma strychnine and brucine contents were lower than the minimum detectable amount (10 ng), and accumulation of strychnine and brucine were not found in blood of the patient during and after administration for 8 weeks. Conclusion: The individual medication of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) in the Guo's therapy has a better safety.

Tunable emission, concentration quenching and crystallographic sites of Eu^(2+) in Sr_3Y(PO_4)_3

A series of Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+ samples are synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method. Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+shows an asymmetrical emission band under excitation of 350 nm. The emission peaks at 426 nm and 497 nm are assigned to the nine-coordination Eu2+ and six-coordination Eu2+, respectively. The effects of Eu2+ doping content on the emission intensity and color are observed, and the concentration quenching effect is also observed. For two different Eu2+ luminescence centers, the quenching mechanisms are dipole-dipole interaction and quadrupole-quadrupole interaction, respectively. And the critical distance of energy transfer is calculated by concentration quenching and turns out to be about 3.67 nm. The results above show that the asymmetrical emission band of Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+ comes from two different Eu2+ luminescence centers in the lattice.

Will China＇s Deliberative Mechanism Increase and Consolidate the Legitimacy of Local Government7

This paper focuses mainly on how to consolidate the legitimacy of local government. Some local practices and experiences have developed further than theories previously established in China, and offer lessons for good governance in Asia. One of the new methods is the ＂deliberative system＂ through which local governments seek innovations in governance and increases the legitimacy of their policies. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of this mechanism, mainly based on our survey conducted in Wenlin city, Zhejiang province, Southeast China.