鄂西宜昌地区震旦系灯影组藻丘灰岩钻获油气显示

研究目的(Objective)我国南方地区台盆过渡的边缘相地层较发育,大多边缘相带发育礁滩相地层,而在震旦系灯影组地层中,台盆过渡的边缘相多为藻丘相沉积特征,是良好油气储层类型.在四川盆地内部的震旦系灯影组-二叠系长兴组等多套边缘相礁滩储层已获得高产工业气流.鄂西宜昌地区在震旦纪灯影期具有"两台一盆"的构造格局,发育边缘藻丘-滩相沉积,但藻丘储层一直未获证实,其含气性也不明确.因此在宜昌地区针对震旦系灯影组地层,实施页岩气参数井--鄂宜参1井,目的是研究宜昌地区藻丘储层特征及其含气性,深化高能相带常规天然气富集理论.

Progress on Porous Ceramic Membrane Reactors for Heterogeneous Catalysis over Ultrafine and Nano-sized Catalysts

Heterogeneous catalysts with ultrafine or nano particle size have currently attracted considerable attentions in the chemical and petrochemical production processes, but their large-scale applications remain challenging because of difficulties associated with their efficient separation from the reaction slurry. A porous ceramic membrane reactor has emerged as a promising method to solve the problem concerning catalysts separation in situ from the reaction mixture and make the production process continuous in heterogeneous catalysis. This article presents a review of the present progress on porous ceramic membrane reactors for heterogeneous catalysis, which covers classification of configurations of porous ceramic membrane reactor, major considerations and some important industrial applications. A special emphasis is paid to major considerations in term of application-oriented ceramic membrane design, optimization of ceramic membrane reactor performance and membrane fouling mechanism. Finally, brief concluding remarks on porous ceramic membrane reactors are given and possible future research interests are also outlined.

Effective decision-making model for hi-tech new product development

In order to identify the effective decision-making factors at the individual NPD project manager level, a new effective decision-making model has been established by introducing the concept of decision-making effectiveness, analyzing the role of expertise, and identifying the major role of expertise and insight with respect to the interfaces between a new product, an organization, customers, technologies and regulations, for the study of the effective decision-making facilitators and inhibitors for a NPD project. The analysis of the unique task conditions for individual decision-makers shows that perceived complexity, uncertainty and time pressure have their negative effect on the effective decision-making process. It is concluded that the flexible, balanced and appropriate use of rational analysis, common sense and intuition is a key effective decision-making factor, and the psychologically ‘active attitude’ of a manager is also an important factor for successful dealing with the difficult task conditions.

Innovation in Chinese Agribusinesses： Internal Resources and External Networks

The existing literature on innovation concentrates mostly on large industrial firms and high-technology industries, whereas, little attention has been given to agribusiness. Empirical evidence regarding the driving forces behind innovation in agribusinesses in developing countries, China in particular is scarce. This paper helps fill that void. It develops a framework in which innovation results from synergies between internal resources and external networks. This paper applies and tests the framework using 2003-2005 data from a panel survey of 32 leading agribusiness firms in Shandong Province, China. The empirical results indicate the importance of internal resources, external networks and the synergies between them. We find that R＆D expenditures and the number of technical employees are internal resources that are both important to product innovation. Surprisingly, management quality is negatively related to the possession of a unique technology and new products as a proportion of all products. It is possible that management quality is associated with more formalization and rigidity in decision-making, hindering creativity and lengthening the new product development cycle. In order to develop innovative products, our results suggest that investing in R＆D and hiring more technical staff may be more effective approaches than spending on managerial talent.

Re-measuring Status of China＇s High-Tech Industries in International Division of Labor： Applying a Non-Competitive Input-Output Model

Based on a refined ＂non-competitive input-output model,＂ this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country＇s high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of＂ weighted value-added productivity ＂ by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids ＂statistical illusion＂ which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China＇s high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China＇s high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.

Application of New Polymeric Additive in Detergent for Automatic Dishwasher

This paper described a new type of multifunctional polymer Noverite^(TM) AD810's calcium ion chelating performance, tinted glass soaking test and its application in containing chlorine or enzyme automatic dishwashing detergent gel and powder. Results showed Noverite^(TM) AD810 has good performance in the final formulation on chelation, anti-filming, and anti-spotting, as well as to prevent the growth of scale crystals.

China’s Imports Technology Structure and Its Relationship with Trade Partners:1995-2011

This paper uses the latest data to analyze the historical patterns and the current situation of the technology structure of China＇ commodities imports, the structure of China＇s commodities imports from 19 countries and regions, and China＇s interdependent relationship with its trade partners on the basis of studying 230 kinds of manufactured products categorized by their technological intensity. The results show that during the period of 1995-2011, the share of low technology （low-tech） products and medium technology （medium-tech） products declined,＂ the share of primary products, resource- based products, and high technology （high-tech） products increased; high-tech products had taken the largest share, bypassing low-tech and medium-tech products, as early as 2000; different types of countries exported different kinds of commodities to China and had different positions in China＇s imports; China had relatively high interdependent relations with Japan, South Korea and China＇s Taiwan; China had relatively low interdependent relations with the United States, Germany, France and the Netherlands; China＇s import dependence on major developing countries and emerging developing countries was less than these countries＇ export dependence on China; China was the leading export destination for major developing countries and emerging developing countries. Generally speaking, the development of China＇s import trade is inclusive, and China shares its growth with other countries. It not only promotes developing countries＇exports but also enhances developed countries＇ exports.

State Support of Russian Agro-industrial Complex at the Federal and Regional Levels on Entering the Global Market

The main subject of the report consists in showing positive course of Russian agriculture over the last years-entering the global market. That＇s why it is essential to make following steps to support manufactures aiming them more actively at export： to develop export operations; to develop actively agro-industrial complex perspectives for entering the WTO; to ensure the food safety of agro-industrial complex while exporting the products; in the context of globalization Russian regions are entering more actively the global market as the relatively independent subjects of international economical relationships. The food safety of Russia-such condition of the state economy, when food independence of the country is provided, provision; physical and economic utility of food products is guaranteed by the state and corresponds to requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in safety and quality. Participation in the WTO gives to the country set of advantages in the decision food independence. In the world, the country and in region management of efficiency agriculture with a view of advancement to food safety, should be coordinated necessarily with food independence. State support of the Russian agro-industrial complex on the federal and regional levels when entering into the world market-is a factor of the formation of a new geopolitical status of Russia in the world arena, it is the new selection mechanism of the development of globalization processes in favor of the active participation of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the world economy.

Internal Drivers and the Specialization Status of Under-developed Countries: Evidence from China's High-tech Industry

This study incorporates value-added ratio （VAR） and productivity into the analytical framework of intra-product specialization （IPS） as a globally comparable index for international specialization status （ISS）, to analyze the effect of domestic technological innovation, labor force investment, capital investment and foreign direct investment （FDI） spillovers on the ISS of developing countries. It also tests the effects empirically against the data from Chinese high-tech industries and enterprises. The results show that domestic technological innovation and the improved coordination of material capital and human capital are key internal drivers in the improvement of the ISS of Chinese high-tech industries, whereas FDI spillovers play a relatively limited role therein. Therefore, the key to China＇s industry upgrading is to tap and nurture the internal motive forces rather than to rely on FDI spillovers.

Combustion Irreversibilities: Numerical Simulation and Analysis

An exergy analysis was performed considering the combustion of methane and agro-industrial residues produced in Portugal (forest residues and vines pruning). Regarding that the irreversibilities of a thermodynamic process are path dependent, the combustion process was considering as resulting from different hypothetical paths each one characterized by four main sub-processes: reactant mixing, fuel oxidation, internal thermal energy exchange (heat transfer), and product mixing. The exergetic efficiency was computed using a zero dimensional model developed by using a Visual Basic home code. It was concluded that the exergy losses were mainly due to the internal thermal energy exchange sub-process. The exergy losses from this sub-process are higher when the reactants are preheated up to the ignition temperature without previous fuel oxidation. On the other hand, the global exergy destruction can be minored increasing the pressure, the reactants temperature and the oxygen content on the oxidant stream. This methodology allows the identification of the phenomena and processes that have larger exergy losses, the understanding of why these losses occur and how the exergy changes with the parameters associated to each system which is crucial to implement the syngas combustion from biomass products as a competitive technology.