有氧训练并荷叶水补充对高体脂者体脂率及血脂指标的影响

目的观察有氧训练并荷叶水补充辅助治疗对高体脂者体脂率及血脂指标的影响。方法医学专业男性青年学生高体脂者60例随机数字表法分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组进行有氧训练,当日饮品补充以纯净水或凉白开;观察组每日有氧训练同对照组,当日饮品补充以荷叶灰泡制、冲茶饮用。分别于训练前及训练8 w后,对两组体脂率及血脂指标进行检测。结果 8 w后,对照组体脂率较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),而多数血脂指标改善效果不明显(P>0.05);观察组体脂率及血脂指标均较治疗前有明显改善,且改善效果明显优于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论高体脂者在有氧训练治疗下辅以荷叶灰冲茶饮用,能够明显提高训练效果。

正常体重高体脂成年女性静息能量消耗下甲状腺激素与补体C3的关系

目的:探讨高体脂患者体内甲状腺激素水平与脂肪因子补体C3的关系。方法:选取在广东医科大学附属第二医院进行体检的同体重的高体脂成年女性40例作为试验组,另外选取40例同期体检的与试验组体重相同且体脂正常的成年女性作为对照组。比较两组研究对象血清甲状腺激素水平[游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状原氨酸(FT3)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)]、补体C3、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:相较于正常体脂对照组成年女性,高体脂试验组成年女性血清FT3、FT4、FINS、HOMA-IR水平明显减少,而TSH、补体C3水平、血脂TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、FBG水平均明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高体脂成年女性甲状腺激素水平与补体C3存在明显相关性,二者可能共同发挥作用影响脂质代谢。

Preparation of stealthy etoposide proliposomes and the pharmacokinetics in rabbits

The objectives of the present study were to prepare stealthy etoposide proliposomes and study the pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Blank stealthy liposomes were prepared by film dispersion method. Stealthy etoposide liposomes were prepared by using the ammonium sulfate gradient loading procedure. Vacuum freeze-drying technique was used to dry stealthy etoposide liposomes. Encapsulation efficiency of stealthy etoposide proliposomes was determined by Sephadex chromatography. The morphology was observed by transmission electronic microscope. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by using electrophoretic light scattering technology. The pharmacokinetics in rabbits was evaluated by comparison with etoposide injection and conventional liposomes, respectively. Mean encapsulation efficiency of stealthy etoposide proliposomes was 83.92% ± 3.65% （n = 3）. The liposomes were round or oval. Mean particle size was （124.5 ±26.9） nm, and zeta potential was （-39.50 ±1.04） mV. Following intravenous injection administration at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg etoposide, the three kinds of etoposide preparations were fitted with the two-compartment model. T1/2 β and A UC values of stealthy etoposide proliposomes were （19.26 ± 3.16） h and （26.04 ±3.53） μg/h/mL, respectively. T1/2 β and AUC values of etoposide injection were （0.94 ± 0.21） h and （0.98 ± 0.26） μg/h/mL, respectively. T1/2β and AUC values of conventional liposomes were （7.99 ± 1.36） h and （11.65 ± 1.70） μg/h/mL, respectively. Results indicated that the stealthy etoposide proliposomes could significantly extend the duration of etoposide in blood circulation.

Preparation of anti-resistant stealthy liposomes by incorporating vincristine with quinacrine and the pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats

Aim The objectives of the present study were to prepare stealthy vincristine plus quinacrine liposomes and evaluate the pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Anti-resistant stealthy liposomes were prepared by incorporating vincristine with quinacrine together using the ammonium sulfate gradient loading procedure. For the pharmacokinetic study, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups： each rat in the Group Ⅰwas administered intravenously via tail vein as stealthy liposomal vincristine plus quinacrine, and the Group Ⅱ similarly given as a mixture solution of free vincristine plus free quinacrine. The concentrations of vincristine and quinacrine in plasma were measured by HPLC with diode array detection and fluorescence detection, respectively. Results The mean particle size of stealthy liposomes was 135.9 ±7.1 nm and the encapsulation efficiencies of stealthy liposomes were 〉 90% for vincristine, and 〉 85% for quinacrine, respectively. Administered as the stealthy vincristine plus quinacrine liposomes, the plasma exposures of both vincristine and quinacrine were significantly extended, and the mean concentrations of both vincristine and quinacrine were significantly higher compared to those given as the mixture solution of free vincristine plus free quinacrine. The Cmax, t1/2, AUC0-24 h values of vincristine for stealthy liposomal group were significantly increased, but the total clearance Cl values decreased, as compared to those of free drug group, respectively. Similarly, the Cmax, t1/2 and AUC0-24 h values of quinacrine for the stealthy liposomal group were significantly increased, but the total clearance C1 values decreased, as compared to those of free quinacrine. Conclusion The anti-resistant stealthy liposomes are successfully prepared by incorporating vincristine with quinacrine, and the liposomes extend significantly the duration in blood circulation and improve evidently the plasma concentrations of both vincristine and quinacrine.

Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome

AIM： To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls. METHODS： Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria, and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study. A combined lipidomics （UPLC/MS） and metabolomics （GC × GC-TOF） approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon. RESULTS： Overall, lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS. The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines. Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and di-and triacylglycerols. Among the meo tabolites, the cyclic ester 2（3H）-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects （P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile. Especially, there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides.

Geochemical characteristics of different maceral groups in the Huangxian Coal,China

In order to research how lignite is utilized, two coal samples of seams 2 and 4 were taken from the Huangxian Basin, China. The samples were separated into vitrinite, sporinite, and resinite. Geo-chemical and pyrolysis methods were used to analyse three maceral groups and two seam samples. The results indicate that the resinite and sporinite groups have higher extract yields, S1, S2, HI values, and pyrolysis compounds. These differences may shed light on the usage of the Huangxian lignite. Seam 2 pro- duces more gas and oil than seam 4 does because seam 2 contains more resinite and sporinite macerals.

Major influence of renal function on hyperlipidemia after living donor liver transplantation

AIM:To investigate the impact of renal and graft function on post-transplant hyperlipidemia(PTHL) in living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).METHODS:A total of 115 adult patients undergoing LDLT from January 2007 to May 2009 at a single center were enrolled.Data were collected and analyzed by the China Liver Transplant Registry retrospectively.PTHL was defined as serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or serum cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL or the need for pharmacologic treatment at the sixth month after LDLT.Early renal dysfunction(ERD) was defined as serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL and/or the need for renal replacement therapy in the first post-transplant week.RESULTS:In 115 eligible patients,the incidence of PTHL was 24.3%.Recipients with PTHL showed a higher incidence of post-transplant cardiovascular events compared to those without PTHL(17.9% vs 4.6%,P = 0.037).Serum creatinine showed significant positive correlations with total serum triglycerides,both at posttransplant month 1 and 3(P < 0.01).Patients with ERD had much higher pre-transplant serum creatinine levels(P < 0.001) and longer duration of pre-transplant renal insufficiency(P < 0.001) than those without ERD.Pretransplant serum creatinine,graft-to-recipient weight ratio,graft volume/standard liver volume ratio,body mass index(BMI) and ERD were identified as risk factors for PTHL by univariate analysis.Furthermore,ERD [odds ratio(OR) = 9.593,P < 0.001] and BMI(OR = 6.358,P = 0.002) were identified as independent risk factors for PTHL by multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:Renal function is closely associated with the development of PTHL in LDLT.Post-transplant renal dysfunction,which mainly results from pre-transplant renal insufficiency,contributes to PTHL.

Hyperhomocysteinemia independently causes and promotes atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice

Background Hyperhomocysteine is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease （CHD）. However, whether hyperhomocys teine affects the progression of atherosclerosis is unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of hyperhomocysteine on the forma tion of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient （LDLr ） mice. Methods Forty-eight 7-week-old LDLr/ mice were assigned to the following groups： mice fed a standard rodent diet （control group）, mice fed a high-methionine diet （high-methionine group）, mice fed a high-fat diet （high-fat group）, and mice fed a diet high in both methionine and fat （high-methionine and high-fat group）. At the age of 19, 23, and 27 weeks, four mice at each interval in every group were sacrificed. Results At the end of the study, mice did not show atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and aortic surface until 27 weeks old in the control group. However, atherosclerotic lesions developed in the other three groups at 19 weeks. The amount of atherosclerotic lesions on the aortic surface was lower in the high-methionine group than in the high-fat group （P 〈 0.001）. Atherosclerotic lesions on the aortic surface in the high-methionine and high-fat group were the most severe. The mean area of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus compared with atherosclerotic lesions on the aortic surface was lower in the high-methionine group than in the high-fat group （P 〈 0.001）. Atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus in the high-methionine and high-fat group were the most severe. Conclusions Homocysteinemia accelerates atherosclerotic lesions and induces early atherosclerosis independently in LDLrmice. Reducing the level of homocysteinemia may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of CHD.

STUDIES ON THE HDL RECEPTORS I：EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF HDL RECEPTORS IN BEIJING DUCK LIVER

It had been found that Beijing ducks(BD) have a high level of HDL(70%), high LCAT but very low CETP activity and will not develop atherosclerosis on an atherogenic diet, suggesting that cholesterol ester is mainly carried by HDL and metabolized through an HDL receptor pathway in the liver. However, evidence of this receptor′s existence in the liver is not yet complete. In this paper. the HDL receptor in BD liver has been studied. Our experiments showed : 1 ) ApoE-free 125 I-HDL could bind specifically to duck hepatic cell membrane with high affinity (Kd=9.6μg/ml) and was saturable (Bmax=8.9μg/mg cell membrane protein)at room temperature 2)Competitive inhibition studies with unlabelled duck, human, rat and chick HDL and duck apo AI and its liposomes formed with PC or DMPC could inhibit the binding of 125I-HDL to duck hepatic cell membranes, but LDL,apo E and their liposomes with PC or DMPC could not with the exception of duck LDL. 3) The receptor could recognize apo AI but not apo B or E. 4 ) Both phosphorase A2 and pronase could inhibit the binding activity. The above results give strong evidence for the existence of a specific HDL receptor pathway in the duck liver, supporting our hypothesis that CE in Beijing ducks is metabolized directly through the hepatic HDL receptor instead of being transfered back to VLDL and LDL, then through the LDL receptor pathway. This unique way of metabolizing CE may be behind the Beijing duck's antiatherogenicity.

Effects of Sedentarism and Treadmill Training in Mechanical Properties of Muscles of Ovariectomized Rats with High-Fat Diet

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of physical training in the maintenance of muscle strength in rats with HFD （high-fat diet） after OVX （ovariectomy）. Eighty Wistar rats are at eight weeks of age and weight 200 g which divided into 8 groups （n = 10） and treated for 12 weeks： GA： OVX ＋ ND （normal diet）, GB： OVX ＋ ND ＋ training, GC： sham ＋ ND, GD： sham ＋ ND ＋ training, GE： OVX ＋ HFD, GF： OVX ＋ HFD ＋ training, GG： sham ＋ HFD and GH： sham ＋ HFD ＋ training. HFD consists of standard ration for rats with addition of 30% lipids. In training groups, physical training five training/week was conducted on a treadmill with adaptation period of three weeks up to 18 m/s for one hour, training were performed for 12 weeks. The sedentary animals remained in individual box. To analyze the effects of training and diet, tensile strength tests of the gastrocnemius muscles were conducted： the speed of 0.1 mm/min. Analysis of variance was performed to compare groups. The mean （SD） obtained for the maximum load （N） were： GA 57.77 （6.89）, GB 62.74 （5.07）, GC 49.45 （6.06）, GD 59.42 （5.26） and GE 55.58 （4.72）, GF 62.50 （4.56）, GG 58.35 （4.54） and GH 56.67 （5.87）, respectively. There were no differences for maximum load between surgeries （p = 0.004） and between treatments （p = 0.000）. Differences were found also for the relationship surgery diet treatment （p = 0.007）. For the variable stiffness （N/mm）, there were not statistically significant differences： GA 5.03 （0.72）, GB 5.08 （1.09）, GC 5.17 （0.53）, GD 5.35 （0.80）, GE 5.52 （1.20）, GF 5.36 （1.07）, GG 4.83 （1.03） and GH 5.40 （0.73）. For the toughness （N/mm）, there were differences between treatments （p = 0.010） and the ratio diet treatment （p = 0.024）： GA 455.00 （107.21）, GB 541.96 （126.80）, GC 394.97 （84.67）, GD 566.90 （157.07）; GE 424.63 （113.03）, GF 478.07 （106.03）; GG 517.44 （98.65） and GH 481.26 （129.45）. OVX causes decrease in muscle maximum load; exercise treadmill provides increased muscular endurance, regardless of the diet and the OVX in groups, the increased resistance observed in the groups submitted to HFD can result in weight gain associated with the presence estrogen.

Targeting mitochondrial phenotypes for non-communicable diseases

The concept that ＂Exercise is Medicine＂ has been challenged by the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases （NCDs）. This is partly due to the fact that the underlying mechanisms of how exercise influences energy homeostasis and counteracts high-fat diets and physical inactivity is complex and remains relatively poorly understood on a molecular level. In addition to genetic polymorphisms in humans that lead to gross variations in responsiveness to exercise, adaptation in mitochondrial networks is central to physical activity, inactivity, and diet. To harness the benefits of exercise for NCDs, much work still needs to be done to improve health effectively on a societal level such as developing personalized exercise interventions aided by advances in high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. We propose that understanding the mitochondrial phenotype according to the molecular information of genotypes, lifestyles, and exercise responsiveness in individuals will optimize exercise effects for prevention of NCDs.

College students＇ physical exercise Obesity Research

With the social and economic developing, people＇ s living standards continue to improve, and diet structure has undergone significant changes. Meat, fish, dairy products, snack and foods of high fat, and high protein proportion increase significantly. Malnutrition and low birth weight situation caused due to lack of food have gradually reduced. Irrational diet causes relative excess nutrients and new malnutrition, and thus lead to the proportion of people of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and diabetes has increased year by year. People regard these diseases as ＂diseases of affluence ＂, where obesity is the most common but the most easily overlooked. In recent years, with the release of the results and physical research concerned about scholars, obesity has attracted people＇ s attention.

An Investigation of Stimulating the Autoclave Curing Process of Resin Matrix/Fiber Reinforced Composite Material, Ⅰ: Process model

A mathematical model is made which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composite is developed. The model provides the variation of temperature distribution, the cure reaction process in the resin, the resin flow and fibers stress inside the composite, and the void variation and the residual stress distribution. It can be used to illustrate the mechanism of curing process and optimize the cure cycle of composite material in order to ensure the quality of a product.

Development of an HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous determination of epirubicin,amlodipine and dequalinium in anti-resistant liposomes

Novel anti-resistant liposomes have been developed to overcome intrinsic resistance in leukemia.Anticancer agent epirubicin and apoptotic inducer amlodipine were encapsulated into the liposome aqueous core,and the surface of the liposome was modified using dequalinium.The objective of the present study was to establish a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for the determination of epirubicin,amlodipine and dequalinium in the liposomes.Analysis was performed on an ODS column with an isocratic elution at ambient temperature.Mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile,0.02 M NaH_2PO_4 and triethylamine（34：66：0.3,v/v/v,pH 4.0）.The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The results showed that the calibration curves of epirubicin,amlodipine and dequalinium were linear in the range of（1-50）μg/mL（r^2= 0.9999）, respectively.The mean recoveries of epirubicin,amlodipine,and dequalinium were in the range of 95.86%-97.52%,97.17%-98.92% and 98.04%-101.13%,respectively.The contents of epirubicin,amlodipine and dequalinium in the liposomes were in the range of（564.2-606.1）μg/mL,（641.0-704.0）μg/mL,and（816.0-898.0）μg/mL,respectively.The encapsulation efficiencies of epirubicin and amlodipine were around 90%,and the modification rate of dequalinium was approximate 70μg/μmol lipids.The proposed HPLC method was simple and accurate for the simultaneous determination of epirubicin,amlodipine and dequalinium in newly developed anti-resistant liposomes.

A HPLC method for the determination of entrapment efficiency of a new 5-FPE liposome formulation

A simple HPLC method was established for the determination of entrapment efficiency of a new 5-FPE liposome formulation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil 100 A C18 column （350 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water （58：42, v/v）. The flow rate of mobile phase was set at 0.8 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was 271 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The linear range of 5-FPE was from 0.8-12.8 μg/mL, r = 0.9999. The RSD of intm-day and inter-day precision were less than 2.97%. The average recovery was from 96.8%-104.6% with RSD less than 2.24%. The method was simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive. It is suitable for the determination of entrapment efficiency of the 5-FPE liposome formulation.

Preform-based toughening technology for RTMable high-temperature aerospace composites

This article describes the efforts that led to the development of surface-loaded preforms that may be used to significantly improve the compression-after-impact strength of high-temperature composites and correspondingly to dramatically reduce the area of damage because of impact.Moreover,by matching the toughening polymer surface-loaded and design of the surface pattern,in-plane mechanical properties are unaffected or even improved over laminates made from the identical materials.The proprietary preforms,so-called ESTM-Fabrics,may be handled and infused with the high-temperature RTMable resins such as bismaleimide and polyimide in exactly the same manner as traditional fabrics without surface modification.The RTM conditions for the preform-based toughening is fully compatible with the traditional process procedure,making the technology cost-effective in production.This technology represents a key enabler for the use of low-cost RTM processes for high-temperature resins to supplant prepreg as the building-block material of choice for aeronautical composite structures.