Objective: To study the effects of hyperbaric air exposure on the functions of peritoneal macrophages of mice. Methods: Forty-eight mice were equally randomized to 6 groups: (1) normal air group (NA); (2) hyperbaric a...Objective: To study the effects of hyperbaric air exposure on the functions of peritoneal macrophages of mice. Methods: Forty-eight mice were equally randomized to 6 groups: (1) normal air group (NA); (2) hyperbaric air group 1 (HA1); (3) hyperbaric air group 2 (HA2); (4) hyperbaric air group 3 (HA3); (5) hyperbaric oxygen group (HO);(6) hyperbaric nitrogen group (HN). Every group was exposed to corresponding pressure for 60 min, twice a day for 3 d. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained at the corresponding time to observe the changes of phagocytosis, acid phos-phatase, antigen presentation function and the produce of NO and TNF-α. Results: Compared with those in NA group, the activity of phagocytosis, acid phosphatase, antigen presentation function and the produce of NO and TNF-a were markedly inhibited in hyperbaric oxygen group and hyperbaric air group 1 ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and they changed little in HN group. These changes could disappear in 3 - 5 d. Conclusion: The functions of mice peritoneal macrophages were obviously inhibited in simulated air diving environment and hyperoxia may play an important role in it.展开更多
Relationship between the variations of West Pacific subtropical high indices in the summer half of the year and preceding SST in North Pacific was examined based on a data set of 1951 2000. The correlation between the...Relationship between the variations of West Pacific subtropical high indices in the summer half of the year and preceding SST in North Pacific was examined based on a data set of 1951 2000. The correlation between the subtropical high indices and preceding SST in the equatorial East Pacific was the strongest among the others, and has great persistency from last autumn to spring. It is indicated that ENSO events appeared about six months earlier than the change of the subtropical high activities, and the subtropical high intensities enhanced (weakened) and western ridge point was westward (eastward) in the year of El Nino (La Nina) events. It was also observed that there were similar interdecadal oscillation and abrupt variations between Nino3 SST, subtropical high intensities and rainfall of rainy season in Fujian. Therefore, experiments were made on rainfall distribution of rainy season in Fujian. The results showed that the distribution was directly affected by the subtropical high activities, pronouncedly caused by ENSO effect.展开更多
The CO_2 permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO_2 storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperat...The CO_2 permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO_2 storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperature on the CO_2 permeability of fractured coal with different fracture extents have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, the CO_2 permeability of fractured coals sampled from a Pingdingshan coal mine in China and artificially fractured to a certain extent is investigated through undrained triaxial tests. The CO_2 permeability is measured under the confining pressure with a range of 10–25 MPa, injection pressure with a range of 6–12 MPa and elevated temperature with a range of 25–70°C. A mechanistic model is then proposed to characterize the CO_2 permeability of the fractured coals. The effects of thermal expansion, temperature-induced reduction of adsorption capacity, and thermal micro-cracking on the CO_2 permeability are explored. The test results show that the CO_2 permeability of naturally fractured coal saliently increases with increasing injection pressure. The increase of confining pressure reduces the permeability of both naturally fractured coal and secondarily fractured coal. It is also observed that initial fracturing by external loads can enhance the permeability, but further fracturing reduces the permeability. The CO_2 permeability decreases with the elevation of temperature if the temperature is lower than 44°C, but the permeability increases with temperature once the temperature is beyond 44°C. The mechanistic model well describes these compaction mechanisms induced by confining pressure, injection pressure and the complex effects induced by elevated temperature.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study the effects of hyperbaric air exposure on the functions of peritoneal macrophages of mice. Methods: Forty-eight mice were equally randomized to 6 groups: (1) normal air group (NA); (2) hyperbaric air group 1 (HA1); (3) hyperbaric air group 2 (HA2); (4) hyperbaric air group 3 (HA3); (5) hyperbaric oxygen group (HO);(6) hyperbaric nitrogen group (HN). Every group was exposed to corresponding pressure for 60 min, twice a day for 3 d. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained at the corresponding time to observe the changes of phagocytosis, acid phos-phatase, antigen presentation function and the produce of NO and TNF-α. Results: Compared with those in NA group, the activity of phagocytosis, acid phosphatase, antigen presentation function and the produce of NO and TNF-a were markedly inhibited in hyperbaric oxygen group and hyperbaric air group 1 ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and they changed little in HN group. These changes could disappear in 3 - 5 d. Conclusion: The functions of mice peritoneal macrophages were obviously inhibited in simulated air diving environment and hyperoxia may play an important role in it.
基金Research on short-term climate prediction model for rainfall in raining seasons of Fujian Province A Natural Science Foundation project for Fujian Province (D9810010)
文摘Relationship between the variations of West Pacific subtropical high indices in the summer half of the year and preceding SST in North Pacific was examined based on a data set of 1951 2000. The correlation between the subtropical high indices and preceding SST in the equatorial East Pacific was the strongest among the others, and has great persistency from last autumn to spring. It is indicated that ENSO events appeared about six months earlier than the change of the subtropical high activities, and the subtropical high intensities enhanced (weakened) and western ridge point was westward (eastward) in the year of El Nino (La Nina) events. It was also observed that there were similar interdecadal oscillation and abrupt variations between Nino3 SST, subtropical high intensities and rainfall of rainy season in Fujian. Therefore, experiments were made on rainfall distribution of rainy season in Fujian. The results showed that the distribution was directly affected by the subtropical high activities, pronouncedly caused by ENSO effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51374213&51674251)the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600705)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51125017)Fund for Creative Research and Development Group Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2014-27)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51421003)the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600705)
文摘The CO_2 permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO_2 storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperature on the CO_2 permeability of fractured coal with different fracture extents have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, the CO_2 permeability of fractured coals sampled from a Pingdingshan coal mine in China and artificially fractured to a certain extent is investigated through undrained triaxial tests. The CO_2 permeability is measured under the confining pressure with a range of 10–25 MPa, injection pressure with a range of 6–12 MPa and elevated temperature with a range of 25–70°C. A mechanistic model is then proposed to characterize the CO_2 permeability of the fractured coals. The effects of thermal expansion, temperature-induced reduction of adsorption capacity, and thermal micro-cracking on the CO_2 permeability are explored. The test results show that the CO_2 permeability of naturally fractured coal saliently increases with increasing injection pressure. The increase of confining pressure reduces the permeability of both naturally fractured coal and secondarily fractured coal. It is also observed that initial fracturing by external loads can enhance the permeability, but further fracturing reduces the permeability. The CO_2 permeability decreases with the elevation of temperature if the temperature is lower than 44°C, but the permeability increases with temperature once the temperature is beyond 44°C. The mechanistic model well describes these compaction mechanisms induced by confining pressure, injection pressure and the complex effects induced by elevated temperature.
