基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法的高压喷雾过程数值模型

为评估不同湍流模型和液滴破碎模型在高压喷雾雾化过程模拟的准确性,基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,参照Sandia国家实验室ECN研究组的Spray A正十二烷喷雾试验,开展高压喷雾过程的数值模拟研究。不同湍流模型和液滴破碎模型的仿真结果表明:对高压喷雾雾化过程进行数值仿真时,湍流模型中标准k-ε模型和Realizable k-ε模型的数值模拟结果与试验结果更加接近,其中标准k-ε模型能更准确地预测液相贯穿距,Realizable k-ε模型能更准确地预测气相贯穿距;液滴破碎模型中KH-RT模型与Wave模型的模拟结果与试验结果都比较接近,且KH-RT模型的模拟结果准确性更高。

高压注气过程中沥青质沉淀机理及规律的实验研究

提出了一种新的注气开采过程中沥青质的沉淀机理 ,该机理可定性解释及预测高压注气过程中沥青质的沉淀规律。在高压沥青质沉淀实验装置上 ,利用间接测定法测定了CO2 注入摩尔分数分别为 0 .6 36和 0 .716时吉林油藏原油中沥青质沉淀量随体系压力的变化规律 ,并测定了 2 2 .2MPa下 70℃时江苏原油中沥青质沉淀量随CO2及富烃气注气浓度的变化规律。实验结果表明 ,在注气过程中两种原油易发生沥青质沉淀。吉林油藏原油中的沥青质沉淀量随体系压力的升高呈先增后降的规律 ;当体系温度和压力一定时 ,江苏原油中的沥青质沉淀量先随着CO2 注入浓度的增加而增加 ,达到一最高值后略有降低 ;对注富烃气而言 ,沥青质沉淀量随注气浓度增加而增加 ,且注气摩尔分数大于 0 .80后增加幅度增大。

高压溶出过程结疤的分类及危害

高压溶出过程 ,结疤的产生是不可避免的。由于热交换器上形成的结疤 ,使传热效率降低 ,能耗增加 ,并影响生产工艺过程的正常进行。了解结疤的分类及危害 ,对如何采取措施 。

高压酸浸过程多工况切换控制方法

高压酸浸过程是一个典型的多工况、多输入多输出系统,在高压酸浸静态升温、动态升温升压及初始酸浸过程目前仍采用人工手动控制;而入矿酸浸过程则普遍采用常规的单回路控制器组成的控制方法,由于耦合作用的存在,此方法不能稳定控制釜内温度、釜内压力及釜内液位,导致浸出效率下降本文针对上述工况复杂强耦合的强非线性过程,将釜内温度作为切换机制,不同工况条件下分别采用不同控制器,实现其多工况过程的自动化.并成功应用在国外某大型氢氧化镍钴冶炼厂的酸浸过程,工业应用结果表明所提出的控制方法,有效地使釜内温度、釜内压力及釜内液位稳定控制在目标值附近.保证高压釜酸浸过程安全稳定运行,提高了浸出效率.

高压瞬态过程压力振荡抑制技术研究

压力振荡抑制技术是再生式液体发射药火炮(RLPG)技术的难点之一。报道通过改变再生喷射活塞系统机械振动的固有频率,可破坏RLPG压力振荡的激励机制。试验表明:利用此方法可有效抑制压力振荡的幅值。研究结果对再生式液体发射药火炮内弹道设计有指导意义。

浅析电力系统的高压试验过程及注意事项

电力系统高压电器试验的正确、有效实施,能够保证供电线路的稳定运行,同时通过试验检测过程,可以显著提升相应电力系统操作人员的专业综合素质。因此,电力系统高压电器试验具有深远意义。本文对电力系统高压试验过程及注意事项进行了探讨。

计量泵在比值计量系统中的应用分析

简述了比值计量系统的原理及其几种典型的结构形式；介绍了计量泵作为执行元件在控制系统中的应用，分析了该系统的输出特性；并给出了高压过程下的系统输出特性的校正方法。

高压加热过程中Zr_(41.2)Ti_(13.8)Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Be_(22.5)块状非晶合金中的非晶-晶化-非晶相转变

众所周知，非晶合金的晶化是指由非晶态到结晶态的转变，在加热过程中这种转变是不可逆的．在研究高压下Ｚｒ４１．２Ｔｉ１３．８Ｃｕ１２．５Ｎｉ１０Ｂｅ２２．５块状非晶合金晶化过程时，发现该非晶合金在加热的某一阶段出现了晶态到非晶态的逆转变．这种反常现象可能是由于在高压退火过程中形成了吉氏自由能高于非晶态的过饱和固溶体相．

Global lateral buckling analysis of idealized subsea pipelines

In order to avoid the curing effects of paraffin on the transport process and reduce the transport difficulty,usually high temperature and high pressure are used in the transportation of oil and gas.The differences of temperature and pressure cause additional stress along the pipeline,due to the constraint of the foundation soil,the additional stress can not release freely,when the additional stress is large enough to motivate the submarine pipelines buckle.In this work,the energy method is introduced to deduce the analytical solution which is suitable for the global buckling modes of idealized subsea pipeline and analyze the relationship between the critical buckling temperature,buckling length and amplitude under different high-order global lateral buckling modes.To obtain a consistent formulation of the problem,the principles of virtual displacements and the variation calculus for variable matching points are applied.The finite element method based on elasto-plastic theory is used to simulate the lateral global buckling of the pipelines under high temperature and pressure.The factors influencing the lateral buckling of pipelines are further studied.Based upon some actual engineering projects,the finite element results are compared with the analytical ones,and then the influence of thermal stress,the section rigidity of pipeline,the soil properties and the trigging force to the high order lateral buckling are discussed.The method of applying the small trigging force on pipeline is reliable in global buckling numerical analysis.In practice,increasing the section rigidity of a pipeline is an effective measure to improve the ability to resist the global buckling.

Coefficients of earth pressure at rest in thick and deep soils

The effect of test methods and stress paths on the experimental value of the coefficient of earth pressure at rest, K0, was investigated under high pressures. The results indicate that the rigid pressure chamber and flexible lateral confining pressure medium method gives a stress ratio at the initial stage that is not the real K0. Moreover, K0 increases during the loading process becoming greater at high pressures. In the unloading process, however, K0 increases only at the initial stage but decreases thereafter. In addition, the incremental magnitude definition, K0=dσ3/dσ1, gives higher values than the total magnitude definition, K0=σ3/σ1, under loading. This is also true during initial stages of unloading. The experiment results also indicate that earth pressure at rest in deep and thick soils can be estimated by a power function of axial and confining pressures. It is necessary to choose the appropriate Kn to avoid some accidents.

Extrapolation of High Pressure VLE Data and Simultaneous Representation of Excess Enthalpies by Using NRTL Equation

The non-random two liquids （NRTL） equation together with the Pitzer/Curl Virial equation of state are used to investigate the simultaneous representation of excess enthalpies （h^E） and vapour-liquid equilibria （VLE） and the VLE prediction from h^E data. The calculation strategy for properly determining NRTL parameters and the effect of their temperature dependence on the simultaneous correlation of h^E and VLE data and the VLE extrapolation are analysed in detail.

Fabrication of FeAl/TiC composites through reactive hot pressing

FeAl/TiC composites were fabricated by reactive hot pressing blended elemental powders. The TiC content was varied from 50% to 80%(volume fraction) and the aluminum content in the binder phase was changed from 40% to 50%(mole fraction). The effects of these compositional changes on the densification process and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that with the increase of TiC content, densities of the composites decrease due to insufficient particle rearrangement aided by (dissolutionreprecipitation) reaction during hot pressing. Closely related with their porosities and defect amount, the hardness and bend strength of the composites show peak values, attaining the highest values with TiC content being 70% and 60%, respectively. Increasing the aluminum content is beneficial to the densification process. But the hardness and bend strength of the composites are reduced to some extent due to the formation of excessive oxides and thermal vacancies.

An Investigation of Stimulating the Autoclave Curing Process of Resin Matrix/Fiber Reinforced Composite Material, Ⅰ: Process model

A mathematical model is made which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composite is developed. The model provides the variation of temperature distribution, the cure reaction process in the resin, the resin flow and fibers stress inside the composite, and the void variation and the residual stress distribution. It can be used to illustrate the mechanism of curing process and optimize the cure cycle of composite material in order to ensure the quality of a product.

Characterization of hot deformation behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy during compression at elevated temperature

The hot deformation behavior of Al-6.2Zn-0.70Mg-0.30Mn-0.17 Zr alloy and its microstructural evolution were investigated by isothermal compression test in the deformation temperature range between 623 and 773 K and the strain rate range between 0.01 and 20 s^(-1).The results show that the flow stress decreased with decreasing strain rate and increasing deformation temperature.At low deformation temperature(≤673 K) and high strain rate(≥1 s^(-1)),the main flow softening was caused by dynamic recovery;conversely,at higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate,the main flow softening was caused by dynamic recrystallization.Moreover,the slipping mechanism transformed from dislocation glide to grain boundary sliding with increasing the deformation temperature and decreasing the strain rate.According to TEM observation,numerous Al_3Zr particles precipitated in matrix,which could effectively inhibit the dynamic recrystallization of the alloy.Based on the processing map,the optimum processing conditions for experimental alloy were in deformation temperature range from 730 K to 773 K and strain rate range from 0.033 s^(-1) to 0.18 s^(-1) with the maximum efficiency of 39%.

Effect of Cooking Method and Storage on the Quality of Minced Pork

Minced pork paste was mixed with cooked rice and noodle resulted in very popular traditional gourmet meal in Taiwan. The 100 ℃, 4 h was normally cooking condition for commercial business. However, the pressure cooker with higher cooking temperature （106 ℃, 116 ℃ and 121 ℃） and different cooking time were under studied in order to improving efficiency, quality and even cost down. The samples of neck pork substitute, cooking at 106℃, 100 rain; 116℃, 75 min; 121 ℃, 45 min with different pressure were perfomed the result as well as traditional 20% fat in ordinary formulation and cooking at 100℃ for 4 h. During storage, the products were taste acceptable for 4 weeks at 4 ℃, 4 months at - 18 ℃ and better than 1 day at 25 ℃ storage.

Changes in Texture, Structure and Pectin of Peach during Pressurization, Heating or Processing of High-pressure-induced and Heat-induced Jam

The objectives of this study are to research the relationship between pectin and the softening of peach by soaking in citric acid solutions for 24 h at 35 ℃, pressurizing for 30 rain at 500 MPa or heating for 10 min. Also, comparing high-pressure-induced jam （HP-jam） and heat-induced jam （H-jam） were evaluated. It was found that firmness of the peach decreased greatly when soaked at pH 2.0 〉 heated 〉 soaked at pH 2.2 or 2.5 〉 pressurized, respectively. About 88% of the peach pectin was water-soluble-pectin and high-methoxyl pectin, while low-methoxyl pectin was slight. During pressurization, the pectin did not change. However, pectin degraded through hydrolysis during heating; consequently, the middle lamella separated. Also, eight kinds of peach jam （65% sugar, pH 2.0 or pH 2.2, and 50% or 60% sugar, pH 2.5） were compared. Both color and flavor of HP-jam were better than H-jam. As the pH values were lower, L-, a-, b-values of jam became higher, and the jam became pinker. Raw peach contained about 0.3%-0.4% pectin, therefore, an addition of 0.6% pectin was needed for both HP- and H-jams. However, there was no great difference in rheology or sensory evaluation between HP- and H-jams.

特高压交流输电及其继电保护的相关问题

特高压电网是构建全球能源互联网的骨干网架,发展特高压电网已成为国家能源发展、清洁发展的战略重点,因此保证特高压电网安全稳定运行具有非常重要的意义。基于此,主要介绍了由于特高压交流输电系统的线路长,电阻小等特性,造成的特高压线路发生短路故障时的暂态过程与常规输电线路的不同,以及由此带来的对特高压继电保护提出的新的要求。

Progress of Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA)

Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA) will take the advantage of the ultra-low background of CJPL lab and high current accelerator based on an ECR source and a highly sensitive detector to directly study for the first time a number of crucial reactions occurring at their relevant stellar energies during the evolution of hydrostatic stars. In its first phase, JUNA aims at the direct measurements of^(25)Mg(p,γ)^(26)Al,^(19)F(p,α)^(16)O,^(13)C(α,n)^(16)O and ^(12)C(α,γ)^(16)O reactions. The experimental setup,which includes an accelerator system with high stability and high intensity, a detector system, and a shielding material with low background, will be established during the above research. The current progress of JUNA will be given.

Growth and in situ high-pressure reflection high energy electron difraction monitoring of oxide thin films

Interface and surface physics is an important sub-discipline within condensed matter physics in recent decades. Novel concepts like oxide-electronic device are prompted, and their performance and lifetime are highly dependent on the flatness and abruptness of the layer surfaces and interfaces. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction （RHEED）, which is extremely sensitive to surface morphology, has proven to be a versatile technique for the growth study of oxide thin films. A differential pumping unit enables an implementation of RHEED to pulsed laser deposition （PLD） systems, ensuring an in situ monitoring of the film growth process in a conventional PLD working oxygen pressure up to 30 Pa. By optimizing the deposition conditions and analyzing the RHEED intensity oscillations, layer-by-layer growth mode can be attained. Thus atomic control of the film surface and unit-cell control of the film thickness become reality. This may lead to an advanced miniaturization in the oxide electronics, and more importantly the discovery of a range of emergent physical properties at the interfaces. Herein we will briefly introduce the principle of high-pressure RHEED and summarize our main results relevant to the effort toward this objective, including the growth and characterization of twinned Laz/3Caj/3MnO3 thin films and ReTiO〉6/2 （Re = La, Nd; ~5 = 0 - 1） AnBnO3n＋2 structures, on YSZ-buffered ＇Silicon on Insulator＇ and LaA103 substrates, respectively, as well as the study of the initial structure and growth dynamics of YBazCu307-6 thin films on SrTiO3 substrate. Presently we have realized in situ monitoring and growth mode control during oxide thin film deposition process.