青藏高原大地形高度变化对东亚地区定常扰动能源转换的影响

利用CAM3(Community Atmosphere Model version 3)模式和ERA-Interim再分析数据研究了对流层中青藏高原大地形对东亚地区定常扰动能量源的影响。在冬季对流层中东亚地区的定常扰动的能量源地主要有两个,分别是高原北部的东亚地区和高原下游的西太平洋地区。高原高度增加时,对流层整层东亚地区斜压发展随高原高度增高而减弱,西太平洋地区斜压发展增强。定常扰动的正压发展与斜压发展的位置相似,但是明显的要比定常扰动的斜压发展弱。随着高原高度升高,在对流层中高原北部的东亚地区正压发展先减弱后增强,而在高原下游的西太平洋地区随高原高度增高正压发展一直增强。在冬季对流层中定常扰动的总能量发展与定常扰动的斜压发展一致,这样的发展趋势说明了冬季东亚地区和西太平洋地区定常扰动在对流层中的能量发展主要是斜压性引起的。

江南春雨形成机制的数值模拟

利用美国夏威夷大学国际太平洋研究中心的区域气候模式(IPRC-RegCM)进行了一系列的数值试验,研究了青藏高原大地形和海陆热力差异对江南春雨的影响。在控制试验中,模式较好地模拟了3～4月江南春雨雨带及低层大气环流特征,由于受高原绕流作用产生的西南气流和西太平洋反气旋环流西北侧的西南气流的共同影响,在我国的江南地区形成大范围的降水雨带,即江南春雨。当在模式中去除青藏高原大地形后,高原东南侧的西南气流显著减弱,江南春雨雨带强度明显减弱,但由于受到西太平洋反气旋西北侧弱西南气流的影响,我国江南地区仍然维持一个较大的降水雨带。在模式中人为地将110°E以东,20°～35°N纬度带的海洋设置为陆地,即人为地减少海陆热力差异后,模式模拟的江南春雨明显减少。在模式的另一组试验中将海温提前61天,即人为地将海陆热力差异季节转换推迟,模式模拟的江南春雨雨带强度也明显减弱。以上模式模拟结果表明,我国江南春雨的形成不仅与青藏高原大地形有关,而且与东西向海陆热力差异有关。

Two types of summertime heating over Asian large-scale orography and excitation of potential-vorticity forcing II.Sensible heating over Tibetan-Iranian Plateau

Based on analysis and simulation,the interaction of thermal forcing between the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and Iranian Plateau(IP) in summer is investigated.Associated influences on water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region and the formation of a cold center in the lower stratosphere over Eurasia are also investigated.Results show that surface sensible heating(SH) over the two plateaus not only have mutual influences but also feedback to each other.SH over the IP can reduce the SH and increase the LH over the TP,whereas the SH over the TP can increase surface heating over the IP,thereby reaching quasi-equilibrium among the SH and LH over the TP,IP SH and atmosphere vertical motion.Therefore,the so-called Tibetan-Iranian Plateau coupling system(TIPS) is constructed,which influences atmosphere circulation.In the TIPS system,interaction between surface SH and LH over the TP plays a leading role.SH of the IP and TP influences on other regions not only have superimposed effects but also mutually offset.Accounting for contributions to the convergence of water vapor transport in the Asian subtropical monsoon region,TP SH contributes more than twice that of the IP.The combined influence of SH over TP and IP represents the major contribution to the convergence of water vapor transport in that region.In addition,the heating effect of TIPS increases the upper tropospheric temperature maximum and lifts the tropopause,cooling the lower stratosphere.Combined with large-scale thermal forcing of the Eurasian continent,the TIPS produces a strong anticyclonic circulation and the South Asian High that warms the upper troposphere and cools the lower stratosphere,thereby affecting regional and global weather and climate.