CEO社会阶层影响了跨国公司OFDI政治风险区位选择吗?——基于中国跨国公司微观数据

针对对外直接投资(outward foreign direct investment,OFDI)区位选择呈现出向高政治风险地区发展的新态势,不同于以宏观国家层面、中观行业层面、微观企业层面为视角的已有研究,本研究以更为微观的企业内部高层决策者特征——CEO社会阶层为视角,选择沪深2009?2017年中国跨国公司OFDI事件为研究样本,基于高阶理论和印记理论,使用Logit回归方法,探索CEO社会阶层对跨国公司OFDI政治风险区位选择的影响机制与边界条件。研究结果发现,CEO社会阶层与跨国公司OFDI政治风险区位选择之间存在显著的正U型关系,即社会阶层越高/低的跨国公司CEO倾向于做出向OFDI高政治风险区位选择的战略决策,中间社会阶层的跨国公司CEO倾向于做出向OFDI低政治风险区位选择的战略决策;CEO政治资本对CEO社会阶层与跨国公司OFDI政治风险区位选择之间正U型关系的正向调节作用不显著。本研究为拓展OFDI政治风险区位选择影响因素的研究范畴做出贡献,为中国跨国公司从公司治理结构角度加强高管集体审慎决策,充分发挥CEO社会阶层优势或有效抑制CEO个人有限理性决策不足,进而做出OFDI政治风险区位选择科学决策提供理论支撑和管理启示。

High temperature deformation behavior and optimization of hot compression process parameters in TC11 titanium alloy with coarse lamellar original microstructure

The high temperature deformation behaviors of α＋β type titanium alloy TC11 （Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si） with coarse lamellar starting microstructure were investigated based on the hot compression tests in the temperature range of 950-1100 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.001-10 s-1. The processing maps at different strains were then constructed based on the dynamic materials model, and the hot compression process parameters and deformation mechanism were optimized and analyzed, respectively. The results show that the processing maps exhibit two domains with a high efficiency of power dissipation and a flow instability domain with a less efficiency of power dissipation. The types of domains were characterized by convergence and divergence of the efficiency of power dissipation, respectively. The convergent domain in a＋fl phase field is at the temperature of 950-990 ℃ and the strain rate of 0.001-0.01 s^-1, which correspond to a better hot compression process window of α＋β phase field. The peak of efficiency of power dissipation in α＋β phase field is at 950 ℃ and 0.001 s 1, which correspond to the best hot compression process parameters of α＋β phase field. The convergent domain in β phase field is at the temperature of 1020-1080 ℃ and the strain rate of 0.001-0.1 s^-l, which correspond to a better hot compression process window of β phase field. The peak of efficiency of power dissipation in ℃ phase field occurs at 1050 ℃ over the strain rates from 0.001 s^-1 to 0.01 s^-1, which correspond to the best hot compression process parameters of ,8 phase field. The divergence domain occurs at the strain rates above 0.5 s^-1 and in all the tested temperature range, which correspond to flow instability that is manifested as flow localization and indicated by the flow softening phenomenon in stress-- strain curves. The deformation mechanisms of the optimized hot compression process windows in a＋β and β phase fields are identified to be spheroidizing and dynamic recrystallizing controlled by self-diffusion mechanism, respectively. The microstructure observation of the deformed specimens in different domains matches very well with the optimized results.

Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of Si-Y co-deposition coatings prepared on TiAl alloy by pack cementation process

In order to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy, Y modified silicide coatings were prepared by pack cementation process at 1030, 1080 and 1130 °C, respectively, for 5 h. The microstructures, phase constitutions and oxidation behavior of these coatings were studied. The results show that the coating prepared by co-depositing Si?Y at 1080 °C for 5 h has a multiple layer structure: a superficial zone consisting of Al-rich (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, an out layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)Si2, a middle layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, and aγ-TiAl inner layer. Co-deposition temperature imposes strong influences on the coating structure. The coating prepared by Si?Y co-depositing at 1080 °C for 5 h shows relatively good oxidation resistance at 1000 °C in air, and the oxidation rate constant of the coating is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the bare TiAl alloy.

Grain boundary effects on spall behavior of high purity copper cylinder under sweeping detonation

A series of sweeping detonation experiments were conducted to study the grain boundary effects during the primary spallation of high-purity copper cylinder.The free surface velocity profile of the shocked samples was measured by Doppler pins systems.The soft-recovered samples were characterized by optical and electron backscatter diffraction microscopy,and the effects of microstructures like grain boundaries,and crystal orientation on spall behavior were investigated.The results indicated that the critical stress of deformation twinning in cylindrical copper increased.The nucleation sites of spallation damage were determined by the joint influence of the grain orientation(Taylor factor)and the angle between grain boundaries and radial impact-stress direction.Voids were prone to nucleating at the grain boundaries perpendicular to the radial impact-stress direction.Nevertheless,the number of voids nucleated at boundaries was relatively different from the results obtained from the plate impact experiment and plate sweeping detonation experiment,which is a result of the curvature that existed in the cylindrical copper and the obliquity of the impact-stress direction during sweeping detonation loading.

企业高层管理组织结构现状及其完善对策

企业高层管理组织结构的完善与优化,是现代企业可持续性发展的重要保障。本文首先分析了我国企业高层管理组织结构建设的现状,然后重点探究我国企业高层管理组织结构建设中存在的问题,最后提出创新现代企业高层管理组织结构的几点建议。

东南汽车EIS使用现状浅析

俗话说:知己知彼方能百战百胜。企业高层需要掌握企业自身的发展命运,就必须及时了解企业的各种状态信息,通过与市场信息的对比,这样才能高效地做出符合企业发展的决策。

企业知识管理的组织设计

在知识经济时代,知识是公司的战略性资源。传统的管理方法、管理体系也许在过去产生过良好的效果,但在知识经济时代的今天,传统的管理将会大打折扣。知识管理就是企业面对新形势所作出的战略反应。企业实现知识管理需要做好许多基础工作,包括组织结构的合理设计、业务流程的调整、知识导向型文化的培育,其中,组织结构设计是首先要解决的问题。

Tailored microstructures and strengthening mechanisms in an additively manufactured dualphase high-entropy alloy via selective laser melting

Dual-phase high-entropy alloys(DP-HEAs)with excellent strength-ductility combinations have attracted scientific interests.In the present study,the microstructures of AlCrCuFeNi3.0DP-HEA fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)are rationally adjusted and controlled.The mechanisms engendering the hierarchical microstructures are revealed.It is found that the AlCrCuFeNi3.0fabricated by SLM at the scanning speed of 400 mm s-1falls into the eutectic coupled zone,and increasing the scanning speed will make this composition deviate away from the eutectic coupled zone due to the increased cooling rate.The enrichment of Cr and Fe solutes with large growth restriction values ahead of the solid/liquid interface can develop a constitutional supercooling zone,thus facilitating the heterogeneous nucleation and nearequiaxed grain formation.The synergy of the near-eutectic DP nano-structures and near-equiaxed grains instead of columnar ones effectively suppresses cracking for the as-built DP-HEA.During the tensile deformation,the intergranular back stress hardening similar to the grain-boundary strengthening is discovered.Meanwhile,the near-eutectic microstructures comprised of soft face-centered cubic and hard ordered bodycentered cubic(B2)DP nano-structures lead to plastic strain incompatibility within grains,thus producing the intragranular back stress.The Cr-rich nano-precipitates inside the B2 phase are found to be sheared by dislocation gliding and can complement the back stress.Additionally,multiple strengthening mechanisms are physically evaluated,and the back stress strengthening contributes obviously to the high performances of the as-built DP-HEA.