在高光谱数据分类应用中,地物光谱特征分析是对地物进行分类和检索的基础性工作。选取禾本科斑竹、草本科蕨类、荨麻科冷水花、杉科杉木和棕榈科棕榈树等5种岷江上游亚高山森林植被进行实地光谱测量,建立高光谱相似性度量参量,如欧式距...在高光谱数据分类应用中,地物光谱特征分析是对地物进行分类和检索的基础性工作。选取禾本科斑竹、草本科蕨类、荨麻科冷水花、杉科杉木和棕榈科棕榈树等5种岷江上游亚高山森林植被进行实地光谱测量,建立高光谱相似性度量参量,如欧式距离(Euclidean distance,ED)、光谱角度(spectral angle mapper,SAM)、光谱信息散度(spectral information divergence,SID)、SID和SAM混合SID(TAN)以及基于道格拉斯-普克算法的光谱降维距离(spectral distance based on Douglas-Peucker,SDDP)度量算法,定量分析对亚高山森林植被的识别能力。研究结果表明:5种亚高山森林植被光谱特征的差异主要表现在光谱曲线反射波峰和波谷位置;ED对冷水花的相对光谱识别概率最高;SID和SID(TAN)对斑竹与蕨类的识别概率最高;SDDP对杉木的识别概率最高;SAM,SDDP,ED,SID(TAN)和SID这5种光谱相似性测度算法对亚高山森林植被的相对光谱识别熵分别是1.51,1.59,1.61,2.16和2.18,说明光谱角度制图具有较高的识别能力;而道格拉斯-普克光谱检索算法是在提取光谱曲线特征向量的基础上进行相似性测度,其降低了光谱检索的时间频率,在保证相近识别能力的条件下,能够大大提高程序的检索效率,是一种快速有效的高光谱特征匹配和检索算子。展开更多
Primary productivity of ecosystem is important indicator about ecological assessment.Remote sensing technology has been used to monitor net primary productivity(NPP) of ecological system for several years. In this pap...Primary productivity of ecosystem is important indicator about ecological assessment.Remote sensing technology has been used to monitor net primary productivity(NPP) of ecological system for several years. In this paper, the remotely sensed NPP simulation model of alpine vegetation in Qinghai Province of Tibet Plateau was set up based on the theory of light use efficiency. Firstly a new approach based on mixed pixels and Support Vector Machine(SVM) algorithm were used to correct simulated NPP values derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data. Finally, spatial distribution and monthly variation characteristics of NPP in Qinghai Province in 2006 were analyzed in detail. The result showed that NPP of vegetation in Qinghai Province in 2006 ranged from 0 to 422gC/m2/a and the average NPP was 151 gC/m2/a. NPP gradually increased from northwest to southeast. NPP of different vegetation types were obviously different.The average NPP of broad-leaved forest was the largest(314 gC/m2/a), and sparse shrub was the smallest(101 gC/m2/a). NPP in Qinghai Province significantly changed with seasonal variation. The accumulation of NPP was primarily in the period(from April to September) with better moist and heat conditions. In July, the average NPP of vegetation reached the maximum value(43 gC/m2). In our model, the advantage of traditional LUE models was adopted, and our study fully considered typical characteristics of alpine vegetation light use efficiency and environmental factors in the study area. Alpine vegetation is the most important ecological resource of Tibet Plateau, exactly monitoring its NPP value by remote sensing is an effective protection measure.展开更多
Páramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in the Northern Andes. Páramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem ser...Páramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in the Northern Andes. Páramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem services. Changes in spatial extent of the páramo ecosystem at Pambamarca in the Central Cordillera of the northern Ecuadorian Andes were analysed using multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data. The region suffered a loss of 1826.6 ha or 20% of the total area at a rate of 100 ha/annum during 1988-2007 period. It is found that permanent páramo cover decreased from 8350 ha in 1988 to 5864 ha in 2007 at a fairly constant rate(R2=0.94). This loss is attributed to expansion of commercial agriculture and floriculture in the valleys coupled with increased population pressure. Land at higher elevations has been cleared for small scale agriculture. Loss of the páramo ecosystem will exert a number of negative impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods of the local population at Pambamarca.展开更多
The high alpine and subalpine vegetation of Dinaric Alps is very diverse.These are conditional on genuine patterns of development of the geological substrate,climate,soil and terrain on the mountain world,which are in...The high alpine and subalpine vegetation of Dinaric Alps is very diverse.These are conditional on genuine patterns of development of the geological substrate,climate,soil and terrain on the mountain world,which are interconnected and spatially,and ecologically away.Also,today high mountain vegetation is extremely important indicator of global changes.In this area are many refugia of glacial biodiversity.Very illustrative example for understanding the specific forms of ecological diversity is high alpine vegetation in the area of the Balkan Peninsula.Vegetation of alpine belt of Western Balkans and Bosnia and Herzegovina is differed by extremely high level of biological and ecological diversity.Climatogenous vegetation are alpine and sub-alpine pastures above of timberline,then extra zonal forms of vegetation-glaciers,rock creeps,breaches of rocks,alpine springs,marsh,and tall greenery.This vegetation is dominant determinant of alpine ecosystems that creates their unique physiognomy and also enables prime production of biomass.It is different with extraordinary floral richness,especially in a number of endemic species and glacier relicts that are included in a large number of phytocoenoses,many of which are of endemic.In syntaxonomic sense,alpine vegetation is differentiated into 10 classes:Elyno-Seslerietea,Juncetea trifidi,Salicetea herbaceae,Thalspietea rotundifolii,Asplenietea trichomanis,and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae,Montio-Cardaminetea,Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea,Mulgedio-Aconitetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea.These classes are differentiated into 20 vegetation orders,38 alliances and 190 associations and sub-associations.In total,that is 60 % of communities of total vegetation diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina,and 12.5% of classes of highest syntaxonomic categories in vegetation diversity of Europe.展开更多
文摘在高光谱数据分类应用中,地物光谱特征分析是对地物进行分类和检索的基础性工作。选取禾本科斑竹、草本科蕨类、荨麻科冷水花、杉科杉木和棕榈科棕榈树等5种岷江上游亚高山森林植被进行实地光谱测量,建立高光谱相似性度量参量,如欧式距离(Euclidean distance,ED)、光谱角度(spectral angle mapper,SAM)、光谱信息散度(spectral information divergence,SID)、SID和SAM混合SID(TAN)以及基于道格拉斯-普克算法的光谱降维距离(spectral distance based on Douglas-Peucker,SDDP)度量算法,定量分析对亚高山森林植被的识别能力。研究结果表明:5种亚高山森林植被光谱特征的差异主要表现在光谱曲线反射波峰和波谷位置;ED对冷水花的相对光谱识别概率最高;SID和SID(TAN)对斑竹与蕨类的识别概率最高;SDDP对杉木的识别概率最高;SAM,SDDP,ED,SID(TAN)和SID这5种光谱相似性测度算法对亚高山森林植被的相对光谱识别熵分别是1.51,1.59,1.61,2.16和2.18,说明光谱角度制图具有较高的识别能力;而道格拉斯-普克光谱检索算法是在提取光谱曲线特征向量的基础上进行相似性测度,其降低了光谱检索的时间频率,在保证相近识别能力的条件下,能够大大提高程序的检索效率,是一种快速有效的高光谱特征匹配和检索算子。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41271421)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education in China (Grant No. 10YJCZH156)
文摘Primary productivity of ecosystem is important indicator about ecological assessment.Remote sensing technology has been used to monitor net primary productivity(NPP) of ecological system for several years. In this paper, the remotely sensed NPP simulation model of alpine vegetation in Qinghai Province of Tibet Plateau was set up based on the theory of light use efficiency. Firstly a new approach based on mixed pixels and Support Vector Machine(SVM) algorithm were used to correct simulated NPP values derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data. Finally, spatial distribution and monthly variation characteristics of NPP in Qinghai Province in 2006 were analyzed in detail. The result showed that NPP of vegetation in Qinghai Province in 2006 ranged from 0 to 422gC/m2/a and the average NPP was 151 gC/m2/a. NPP gradually increased from northwest to southeast. NPP of different vegetation types were obviously different.The average NPP of broad-leaved forest was the largest(314 gC/m2/a), and sparse shrub was the smallest(101 gC/m2/a). NPP in Qinghai Province significantly changed with seasonal variation. The accumulation of NPP was primarily in the period(from April to September) with better moist and heat conditions. In July, the average NPP of vegetation reached the maximum value(43 gC/m2). In our model, the advantage of traditional LUE models was adopted, and our study fully considered typical characteristics of alpine vegetation light use efficiency and environmental factors in the study area. Alpine vegetation is the most important ecological resource of Tibet Plateau, exactly monitoring its NPP value by remote sensing is an effective protection measure.
文摘Páramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in the Northern Andes. Páramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem services. Changes in spatial extent of the páramo ecosystem at Pambamarca in the Central Cordillera of the northern Ecuadorian Andes were analysed using multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data. The region suffered a loss of 1826.6 ha or 20% of the total area at a rate of 100 ha/annum during 1988-2007 period. It is found that permanent páramo cover decreased from 8350 ha in 1988 to 5864 ha in 2007 at a fairly constant rate(R2=0.94). This loss is attributed to expansion of commercial agriculture and floriculture in the valleys coupled with increased population pressure. Land at higher elevations has been cleared for small scale agriculture. Loss of the páramo ecosystem will exert a number of negative impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods of the local population at Pambamarca.
基金the part of Project Obrasci ekoloko-sintaksonomskog diverziteta u procjeni stanja i nosivog kapaciteta ekosistema zivotne sredine.(The patterns of ecological-syntaxo-nomical diversity in assessment of state and carrying capacity of environment - Kanton Sarajevo,Federacija BiH,Bosna i Hercegovina,2007-09)
文摘The high alpine and subalpine vegetation of Dinaric Alps is very diverse.These are conditional on genuine patterns of development of the geological substrate,climate,soil and terrain on the mountain world,which are interconnected and spatially,and ecologically away.Also,today high mountain vegetation is extremely important indicator of global changes.In this area are many refugia of glacial biodiversity.Very illustrative example for understanding the specific forms of ecological diversity is high alpine vegetation in the area of the Balkan Peninsula.Vegetation of alpine belt of Western Balkans and Bosnia and Herzegovina is differed by extremely high level of biological and ecological diversity.Climatogenous vegetation are alpine and sub-alpine pastures above of timberline,then extra zonal forms of vegetation-glaciers,rock creeps,breaches of rocks,alpine springs,marsh,and tall greenery.This vegetation is dominant determinant of alpine ecosystems that creates their unique physiognomy and also enables prime production of biomass.It is different with extraordinary floral richness,especially in a number of endemic species and glacier relicts that are included in a large number of phytocoenoses,many of which are of endemic.In syntaxonomic sense,alpine vegetation is differentiated into 10 classes:Elyno-Seslerietea,Juncetea trifidi,Salicetea herbaceae,Thalspietea rotundifolii,Asplenietea trichomanis,and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae,Montio-Cardaminetea,Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea,Mulgedio-Aconitetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea.These classes are differentiated into 20 vegetation orders,38 alliances and 190 associations and sub-associations.In total,that is 60 % of communities of total vegetation diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina,and 12.5% of classes of highest syntaxonomic categories in vegetation diversity of Europe.
