Coal-based Magnetic Activated Carbons （CMAC＇s） were prepared from three representative coal samples of various ranks： Baorigele lignite from Inner Mongolia; Datong bitumite from Shanxi province; and Taixi anthraci...Coal-based Magnetic Activated Carbons （CMAC＇s） were prepared from three representative coal samples of various ranks： Baorigele lignite from Inner Mongolia; Datong bitumite from Shanxi province; and Taixi anthracite from Ningxia Hui Auto- nomous Region. Fe3O4 was used as a magnetic additive. A nitrogen-adsorption analyzer was used to determine the specific surface area and pore structure of the resulting activated carbons. The adsorption capacity was assessed by the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the evolution behavior of Fe304 during the preparation process. Magnetic properties were characterized with a vibrating-sample magnetometer. The effect of the activation temperature on the performance of CMAC＇s was also studied. The results show that, compared to Baorigele lignite and Taixi anthracite, the Datong bitumite is more appropriate for the preparation of CMAC＇s with a high specific surface area, an advanced pore structure and suitable magnetic properties. Fe304 can effectively enhance the magnetic properties and control the pore structure by increasing the ratio of meso- pores. An addition of 6.0% Fe304 and an activation temperature of 880 ℃ produced a CMAC having a specific surface area, an iodine adsorption, a methylene blue adsorption and a specific saturation magnetization of 1152.0 m2/g, 1216.7 mg/g, 229.5 mg/g and 4.623 emu/g, respectively. The coal used to prepare this specimen was Datong bitumite.展开更多
The rate of regional sea level rise （SLR） provides important information about the impact of human activities on climate change. However, accurate estimation of regional SLR can be severely affected by sea surface h...The rate of regional sea level rise （SLR） provides important information about the impact of human activities on climate change. However, accurate estimation of regional SLR can be severely affected by sea surface height （SSH） change caused by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO-SSH）. Here, the PDO- SSH signal is extracted from satellite altimeter data by multi-variable linear regression, and regional SLR in the altimeter era is calculated, before and after removing that signal. The results show that PDO-SSH trends are rising in the western Pacific and falling in the eastern Pacific, with the strongest signal confined to the tropical and North Pacific. Over the past 20 years, the PDO-SSH accounts for about 30%/-400% of altimeter-observed SLR in the regions 8° 15°N, 130°-160°E and 30°-40°N, 170°-220°E. Along the coast ＆North America, the PDO-SSH signal dramatically offsets the coastal SLR, as the sea level trends change sign from falling to rising.展开更多
By using the eight-times-daily sampling data from an intensive radiosonde observation campaign at Yichang(111°18′E,30°42′N),China in August 2006 and January 2007,the diurnal variation of the planetary boun...By using the eight-times-daily sampling data from an intensive radiosonde observation campaign at Yichang(111°18′E,30°42′N),China in August 2006 and January 2007,the diurnal variation of the planetary boundary layer height determined by using a bulk Richardson(Ri)number approach,was studied in this paper.It was found that the boundary layer heights in both summer and winter months showed diurnal changes and the daily cycle was deeper in summer,which agreed well with the previous studies;the monthly averaged height was 103–1112 m and 89–450 m in summer and winter,respectively;the morning rise began at 0700 LT/1000 LT in summer/winter and the evening transition occurred at 1900 LT in both seasons;the maximum height occurred in the afternoon for most cases,except some peaks found in the winter night;the surface temperature and relative humidity dominated the variations of summer height,while the diurnal variation shown in January 2007 might have some connections with the dynamical processes in the lower troposphere,besides the surface effects.展开更多
The search of electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is one of key solutions to actualize both high energy density and high power density in a supercapacitor. Recently, we have developed one novel kind...The search of electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is one of key solutions to actualize both high energy density and high power density in a supercapacitor. Recently, we have developed one novel kind of rare earth and transitional metal colloidal supercapacitors, which can deliver higher specific capacitance than electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLC) and traditional pseudocapacitors. The electrode materials in colloidal supercapacitors are in-situ formed electroactive colloids, which were transformed from commercial rare earth and transitional metal salts in alkaline electrolyte by chemical and electrochemical assisted coprecipitation. In these colloidal supercapacitors, multiple-electron Faradaic redox reactions can be utilized, which can deliver ultrahigh specific capacitance often larger than one-electron capacitance. Multiple-valence metal cations used in our designed colloidal supercapacitors mainly include Ce3+, Yb3+, Er3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+ and Sn4+. The colloidal supercapacitors can be served as the promising next-generation high performance supercapacitors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No20776150)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No2008AA05Z308)
文摘Coal-based Magnetic Activated Carbons （CMAC＇s） were prepared from three representative coal samples of various ranks： Baorigele lignite from Inner Mongolia; Datong bitumite from Shanxi province; and Taixi anthracite from Ningxia Hui Auto- nomous Region. Fe3O4 was used as a magnetic additive. A nitrogen-adsorption analyzer was used to determine the specific surface area and pore structure of the resulting activated carbons. The adsorption capacity was assessed by the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the evolution behavior of Fe304 during the preparation process. Magnetic properties were characterized with a vibrating-sample magnetometer. The effect of the activation temperature on the performance of CMAC＇s was also studied. The results show that, compared to Baorigele lignite and Taixi anthracite, the Datong bitumite is more appropriate for the preparation of CMAC＇s with a high specific surface area, an advanced pore structure and suitable magnetic properties. Fe304 can effectively enhance the magnetic properties and control the pore structure by increasing the ratio of meso- pores. An addition of 6.0% Fe304 and an activation temperature of 880 ℃ produced a CMAC having a specific surface area, an iodine adsorption, a methylene blue adsorption and a specific saturation magnetization of 1152.0 m2/g, 1216.7 mg/g, 229.5 mg/g and 4.623 emu/g, respectively. The coal used to prepare this specimen was Datong bitumite.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41376028)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.Y22114101Q)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB956202)the"100-Talent Project"of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.Y32109101L)the Special Funds of CAS(No.XDAl 1040205)
文摘The rate of regional sea level rise （SLR） provides important information about the impact of human activities on climate change. However, accurate estimation of regional SLR can be severely affected by sea surface height （SSH） change caused by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO-SSH）. Here, the PDO- SSH signal is extracted from satellite altimeter data by multi-variable linear regression, and regional SLR in the altimeter era is calculated, before and after removing that signal. The results show that PDO-SSH trends are rising in the western Pacific and falling in the eastern Pacific, with the strongest signal confined to the tropical and North Pacific. Over the past 20 years, the PDO-SSH accounts for about 30%/-400% of altimeter-observed SLR in the regions 8° 15°N, 130°-160°E and 30°-40°N, 170°-220°E. Along the coast ＆North America, the PDO-SSH signal dramatically offsets the coastal SLR, as the sea level trends change sign from falling to rising.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2012CB825605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41304125)ZHANG YeHui acknowledges support from the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘By using the eight-times-daily sampling data from an intensive radiosonde observation campaign at Yichang(111°18′E,30°42′N),China in August 2006 and January 2007,the diurnal variation of the planetary boundary layer height determined by using a bulk Richardson(Ri)number approach,was studied in this paper.It was found that the boundary layer heights in both summer and winter months showed diurnal changes and the daily cycle was deeper in summer,which agreed well with the previous studies;the monthly averaged height was 103–1112 m and 89–450 m in summer and winter,respectively;the morning rise began at 0700 LT/1000 LT in summer/winter and the evening transition occurred at 1900 LT in both seasons;the maximum height occurred in the afternoon for most cases,except some peaks found in the winter night;the surface temperature and relative humidity dominated the variations of summer height,while the diurnal variation shown in January 2007 might have some connections with the dynamical processes in the lower troposphere,besides the surface effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51125009&91434118)the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Research Group(Grant No.21221061)+1 种基金the External Cooperation Program of BIC,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.121522KYS820150009)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The search of electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is one of key solutions to actualize both high energy density and high power density in a supercapacitor. Recently, we have developed one novel kind of rare earth and transitional metal colloidal supercapacitors, which can deliver higher specific capacitance than electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLC) and traditional pseudocapacitors. The electrode materials in colloidal supercapacitors are in-situ formed electroactive colloids, which were transformed from commercial rare earth and transitional metal salts in alkaline electrolyte by chemical and electrochemical assisted coprecipitation. In these colloidal supercapacitors, multiple-electron Faradaic redox reactions can be utilized, which can deliver ultrahigh specific capacitance often larger than one-electron capacitance. Multiple-valence metal cations used in our designed colloidal supercapacitors mainly include Ce3+, Yb3+, Er3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+ and Sn4+. The colloidal supercapacitors can be served as the promising next-generation high performance supercapacitors.
