连续重整装置用能优化研究

文章应用流程模拟软件和夹点分析方法对某连续重整装置进行用能分析及优化,从装置用能结构、工艺流程、换热网络、应用先进的高效传热技术等四个方面对装置进行整体用能系统集成优化。优化后,加热炉燃料气的消耗量减少121kg/h,3.5MPa蒸汽消耗减少14.2t/h,1.0MPa蒸汽增加7.7t/h,冷却负荷减少5.17MW,节省空冷电耗22kW及循环水消耗240t/h,节能量折标煤9754t/a。

Genetic Effects and Heterosis in Plant Height and Internode Traits of Japonica-Indica Hybrid Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic effects and heterosis of plant height and internode traits of japonica-indica hybrid rice. [Methed] Incomplete diallel crosses were made between six japonica CMS lines and nine indica widecompatibility restorer lines; the genetic effects of plant height and internode traits of japonica-indica hybrid rice were analyzed using the additive-dominance genetic model. [Result] The ple, nt height, panicle length and the length of internode 1 of japonica-in- dica hybrid rice were mainly controlled by the additive effects; but the length of in- ternode 3, internode 4 and internode 5 were mainly controlled by dominance effects. Both the narrow sense heritability and broad sense heritability of plant height, panicle length, number of elongated internodes and length of most internodes reached signifi- cance level. The positive phenotypic correlation, genetic correlation, additive correla- tion and dominance correlation between plant height and panicle length, number of e- longated internodes and internode length were significant; and most of the other paired traits were significantly positively correlated. Heterosis analysis showed that the positive heterosis value over mid-parent and positive heterosis value over better- parent of the length of internode 3, internode 4, internode 5 and internode 6 reached significant level, and the heterosis value over mid-parent of plant height reached extreme significance level. [Conclusion] This study will provide reliable theoretical basis for the genetic improvement and heterosis utilization of plant height and internode traits in japonica-indica hybrid rice.

HIGH EFFICIENCY COOLING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON GREEN MANUFACTURING

Green manufacturing （GM） and high efficiency machining technology are inevitable trends in the field of advanced manufacturing of the 21st century. To ensure green and high-efficiency machining, a new high efficiency cooling technology-cryogenic pneumatic mist jet impinging cooling （CPMJI） technology is presented. For obtaining the best cooling effect, a little quantity of coolant is carried by high speed cryogenic air （-20 C ） and reaches the machining zone in the form of mist jet to enhance heat transfer. Experimental results indicate that under the conditions of 40 m/s in the jet impinging speed and 10 mm in the jet impinging distance, the critical heat flux（CHF） nearly reaches 6× 10^7 W/m^2, more than six times of the CHF of the grinding burn with a value of （8～10）×10^6 W/m^2.

Recent Progress in High-speed and High Spectral Efficiency Optical Transmission Technology

Increasing the spectral efficiency and per channel data rate have historically been shown to be the most cost-effective method to meet the need of ever growing capacity demand in the core network. In this paper we review recent progress in high-speed and high-spectral-efficient optical transmission technology. We discuss spectrally efficient modulation and detection technologies that have been experimentally explored for future 100-Gb/s and above optical transmission system. Emerging methods aiming at extending system reach for noise and nonlinearity-stressed high spectral efficiency optical transmission systems have also been reviewed. We show that spectrallyefficient multilevel coding coupled with polarization multiplexing and digital coherent detection has the potential to enable 400Gb/s per channel WDM system operating with existing 50GHzspaced WDM infrastructure at a spectral efficiency of 8b/s/Hz.

An Exact Propagator for Solving the Triatomic Reactive Schrodinger Equation

The exact short time propagator, in a form similar to the Crank-Nicholson method but in the spirit of spectrally transformed Hamiltonian, was proposed to solve the triatomic reactive time-dependent schrodinger equation. This new propagator is exact and unconditionally convergent for calculating reactive scattering processes with large time step sizes. In order to improve the computational efficiency, the spectral difference method was applied. This resulted the Hamiltonian with elements confined in a narrow diagonal band. In contrast to our previous theoretical work, the discrete variable representation was applied and resulted in full Hamiltonian matrix. As examples, the collision energy-dependent probability of the triatomic H＋H2 and O＋O2 reaction are calculated. The numerical results demonstrate that this new propagator is numerically accurate and capable of propagating the wave packet with large time steps. However, the efficiency and accuracy of this new propagator strongly depend on the mathematical method for solving the involved linear equations and the choice of preconditioner.

WSN中基于混合天线的PEGASIS改进算法

针对无线传感器网络面积大、节点传输距离远的特点而导致能量消耗过快容易死亡的问题,引入定向天线,设计了基于混合天线的高能效收集路由协议(EEMC)。通过定义距离阈值,在区域内构造多条短链,短链通过链头收集链内节点数据后直接与基站通信。距离阈值根据链路位置和节点死亡情况长链系数有所变化,短链间采用全向天线传输数据,链头节点通过定向天线向远处的基站发送数据。仿真结果表明,该算法大大减缓了第一个死亡节点到来的时间,节省了每轮的网络能耗,降低了通信时延。

he Design of Efficient Heat Transfer Based on Flat Plate Solar Water Heater

This is an improved design based on the existing plate type solar water heaters. It aims at making full use of solar energy. To fully absorb radiation, it absorbs coating selectively by adopting the magnetron sputtering technology AL-N/AL. this design conduct heat through aluminum material which can reduce the cost meanwhile conduct heat effectively. To ensure the quality of the water at the same time improve the utilization rate of solar energy, this design use phase change for second heat exchange. Take Shanghai for example, where this design and heat transfer model are applied, the average efficiency of water heaters can achieve 68%, which has proven the feasibility of the design. In a word, this design can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emissions reduction and has broad market prospects.

Energy efficiency enhancement of two-way amplifier forward relaying with channel estimation error

In order to save energy consumption of two-way amplifier forward(AF) relaying with channel estimation error, an energy efficiency enhancement scheme is proposed in this work. Firstly, through the analysis of two-way AF relaying mode with channel estimation error, the resultant instantaneous SNRs at end nodes is obtained. Then, by using a high SNR approximation, outage possibility is acquired and its simple closed-form expression is represented. Specially, for using the energy resource more efficiently, a low-complexity power allocation and transmission mode selection policy is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of two-way AF relay system. Finally, relay priority region is identified in which cooperative diversity energy gain can be achieved. The computer simulations are presented to verify our analytical results, indicating that the proposed policy outperforms direct transmission by an energy gain of 3 dB at the relative channel estimation error less than 0.001. The results also show that the two-way AF relaying transmission loses the two-way AF relaying transmission loses its superiority to direct transmission in terms of energy efficiency when channel estimation error reaches 0.03.

The components transitive regularity of three dosage forms of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang

Objective To explore the transitive regularity of holistic constituents from the crude slices of the medicinal raw materials(MCS)to the formula granules(FG),fufang decoction(FD),and finally,the concentrated pills(CP)of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang(六味地黄复方,LWDHF).Methods Samples for MCS,FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF were obtained,and a fingerprint data-base was established using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),by separating the samples in an XB-C18 column and analyzing the transitive regularity of components us-ing the total quantum statistical moment(TQSM),including total quantum zero moment(AUCT),total quantum first moment(MRTT),total quantum second moment(VRTT),and its similarity approach.The AUCT,MRTT,and VRTT were calculated based on the representative HPLC chromatograms of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF.Results AUCT of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF was 71804,46553,and 144646μV·s,respectively;MRTT was 14.43,14.54,and 18.85 min,respectively;and VRTT was 106.98,112.84,and 269.12 min2,respectively.Comparing the similarity of FG/FD,FG/CP and FD/CP of LWDHF,the TQSM similarity values were 98.66%,76.62%,and 75.37%,respectively,whereas the tradi-tional similarity evaluation values were 98.68%,85.43%,and 85.60%,respectively.Conclusion The results perform little distinction in the total composition between FG and FD,whereas some distinction existed between FD and CP.Experimental evidence,therefore indicates that FG could be used as the alternative of MCS in clinical applications.

Degradation of Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution by Photocatalytic Process： Comparing the Efficiency in the Use of ZnO or TiO2

The study examined the photodegradative efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 in degradation of antibiotics in aqueous matrices. Among several types of antibiotics, four antibiotics were chosen to feature the major classes of these compounds： amoxicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Degradation of antibiotic solutions was carried out mainly under UV-light irradiation in a set time with the presence of small quantity of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Solutions were analyzed with HPLC chromatography and degradation percentages were calculated from ratio between pick area associated to no degraded drug solution and degraded drug solution＇s pick area. Meanwhile, toxicity of antibiotics and degrading compounds were investigated using a biosensor system, consisting of Clark＇s electrode associated with a portion of agar medium culture containing Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yeast cells. This way, it was possible to define the oxygen that was consumed by yeast cells. Toxicity associated to antibiotics and degrading products are related to decrease of oxygen concentration in solution. It is clear that zinc oxide is slower than titanium dioxide to degrade antibiotics, but zinc oxide shows better photodegradation efficiency than titanium dioxide in spite of its small specific superficial area.

The Pressure Gradient Elastic Wave： Energy Transfer Process for Compressible Fluids with Pressure Gradient

The temperature separation was discovered inside the short vortex chamber （H/D = 0.18）. Experiments revealed that the highest temperature of the periphery was 465 ℃, and the lowest temperature of the central zone was -45 ℃ （the compressed air was pumped into the chamber at room temperature）. The objective of this paper is to proof that this temperature separation effect cannot be explained by conventional heat transfer processes. To explain this phenomenon, the concept of PGEW （Pressure Gradient Elastic Waves） is proposed. PGEW are kind of elastic waves, which operate in compressible fluids with pressure gradients and density fluctuations. The result of PGEW propagation is a heat transfer from area of low pressure to high pressure zone. The physical model of a gas in a strong field of mass forces is proposed to substantiate the PGEW existence. This physical model is intended for the construction of a theory of PGEW. Understanding the processes associated with the PGEW permits the possibility of creating new devices for energy saving and low potential heat utilization, which have unique properties.

Performance of Structured Packing in High Pressure Distillation

Performance of Mellapak 250Y and 350Y corrugated structured packing in distillation applications at pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.0MPa is analysed by using HTU-NTU method. These data are obtained in a distillation column with 0.15 m diameter op-erated with n-butane/n-pentane system at total reflux. In considering the axial backmixing effects, the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit, HTUOG , is divided into two parts. One part represents the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit, without backmixing, designated as*OGHTU, and the other part, designated as the height of a backmixing unit (HBUO), accounts for the backmixing effects. The HTUOG is evaluated from the measured concentration profile of n-butane in liquid phase. The HBUO obtained experimentally is correlated in terms of the properties of the materials being separated and the equivalent diameter of the structured packing. Our result shows that HBUO varies from 0.12 to 0.34 m as pressure increases from 1.0 to 1.9 MPa. It indicates that the overall efficiency of the structured packing decreases gradually at high pressure, as a result of the vapor backmixing.

ENERGY EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTED STEGANOGRAPHY FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION IN WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR NETWORKS

A secure communication mechanism is necessary in the applications of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), which is more vulnerable to security attacks due to the presence of multimedia data. Additionally, given the limited technological resources (in term of energy, computation, bandwidth, and storage) of sensor nodes, security and privacy policies have to be combined with energy-aware algorithms and distributed processing of multimedia contents in WMSNs. To solve these problems in this paper, an energy efficient distributed steganography scheme, which combines steganography technique with the concept of distributed computing, is proposed for secure communication in WMSNs. The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve considerable energy efficiency while assuring the communication security simultaneously.

Effect of Soliton Propagation in Fiber Amplifiers

The propagation of optical solitons in fiber amplifiers is discussed by considering a model that includes linear high order dispersion, two photon absorption, nonlinear high order dispersion, self induced Ramam and five order nonlinear effects. Based on travelling wave method, the solutions of the nonlinear Schr dinger equations, and the influence on soliton propagation as well as high order effect in the fiber amplifier are discussed in detail. It is found that because of existing five order nonlinear effect, the solution is not of secant hyperbola type, but shows high gain state of the fiber amplifier which is very favourable to the propagation of solitons.

A Low-Overhead Energy-Efficient ARQ Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network(WSN) is a typical kind of low-power and lossy network,in where ARQ(Automatic Repeat reQuest)schemes are often used to improve packets reliability.However,the ARQ related packets may incur significant load and consume more energy.This paper proposes a novel energy efficient ARQ protocol called ARQ+,which uses the nearest-first scheme and NAK aggregation scheme to reduce the amount and transmission hops of the ARQ related packets.Consequently,the energy consumption is significantly decreased.Theoretical analyses of ARQ+ on energy consumption,packet arrive ratio and latency are provided.Performance improvement of ARQ+ is validated by extensive simulations.They both show that ARQ+ has satisfactory energy efficiency,good packets arriving ratio and reasonable average packet delay comparing to traditional ARQ schemes.

Dendrimer-based nanoparticles in cancer chemotherapy and gene therapy

This review discusses recent studies on dendrimer-based nanoparticles in cancer chemotherapy and gene therapy. In order to achieve the high efficacy and low side effects of chemotherapy and gene therapy, it is essential to combine the unique features of dendrimers and the specific tumor microenvironment to target delivery and control release of therapeutic agents to tumor tissues and cells. Strategies to design the dendrimer-based delivery system in this review include non-modified dendrimers, dendrimer conjugates, assembled amphiphilic dendrimers, nanohybrid dendrimer carriers and dendrimers with inherent activity. In addition, specific functional groups on these dendrimers as stimuli-responsive system for targeting delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents are discussed.

Characteristics of on-chip dipole antenna using diamond for intra-chip wireless interconnect

In this paper,a 2-mm long on-chip dipole antenna pair on silicon substrate is simulated to investigate the transmission characteristics.A novel technique is proposed by employing a 0.35-mm thick diamond layer between silicon substrate and heat sink to improve antenna performance.The simulated transmission gain of this antenna pair with 1 mm separation on a 10-Ω cm silicon substrate increases by 9 dB at 20 GHz.A modified plane wave model involving diamond layer is also presented to explain gain improvement.Effects of dielectric variety,diamond thickness,substrate resistivity and antenna pair separation on transmission gain have been studied.The results indicate that thinner diamond layer along with high resistivity substrate is preferred.Our method makes integrated dipole antennas well suitable for intra-chip wireless interconnection which is known as a future solution to replace critical wiring interconnection.

通信枢纽楼能耗运行分析研究

如何在业务量不断增加,电源容量无法扩容的情况下,更好地解决供电能力紧张、机房装机位不足、机房散热等问题,是本论文的研究意义所在。本文通过对S省通信枢纽楼能耗运行分析,给出以上难点的合理化建议和建设指导原则。