Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii . Methods To isolate chemical constituents, column chromatography and HPLC were used. Physico chemical ...Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii . Methods To isolate chemical constituents, column chromatography and HPLC were used. Physico chemical characterization and spectroscopic analysis were employed for structural identification. Results Eleven polyphenols were isolated and identified. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure was characterized to be 3,5 dimethoxyl 4 hydroxyl phenylpropanol 9 O β D glycopyranoside.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of si...[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, chromatographic conditions （mobile phase ratio, flow rate, col- umn temperature） for detecting ellagic acid using HPLC were optimized. Based on the optimal chromatographic conditions, the ellagic acid content in experimental pomegranate peels was determined. [Resull] The optimal chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method are： 1.2% phos- phoric acid：acetonitrile=85：15, column temperature of 35 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The linear regression equation of ellagic acid is： y=2.9e＋0.6x＋4.4e＋5 （FF=9 999）. Ac- cording to the standard addition recovery test, the average recovery rate of ellagic acid is 98.20%, and RSD is 0.60%. Under above optimized chromatographic condi- tions, ellagic acid can be well separated from other interfering components in pomegranate peels, with shorter peak time and ideal effect, which is convenient for the detection in production practices. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to establish the standards for quality control of Qishen oral solution. [Method] Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macro- cephala Koidz. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the preparation we...[Objective] This study aimed to establish the standards for quality control of Qishen oral solution. [Method] Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macro- cephala Koidz. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the preparation were identified by using thin layer chromatography （TLC）, and Codonopsis pilosula was identified by using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. [Result] By using the developed TLC system, experimental solution and reference solution showed clear spots, while negative control presented no interference. By using the developed HPLC system, the chromatographic peak of Iobetyolin was detected in experimental solution. [Con- clusion] The developed TLC and HPLC systems presented high specificity and good repeatability for identification of these four components and could be used in the quality control of Qishen oral solution.展开更多
A method for determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin eaters in shrimp shell by high performance liquid chromatography is established.Shrimp shell are addressed with 5%hydrochloric acid to remove calcium ions.Afte...A method for determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin eaters in shrimp shell by high performance liquid chromatography is established.Shrimp shell are addressed with 5%hydrochloric acid to remove calcium ions.After shell is dried,organics from shrimp shell are extracted with anhydrous ethanol.The alcohol extrative of the shrimp shell is mixed with the ammonium sulfate to extract astaxanthin by aqueous two-phase extraction.The crude astaxanthin is collected,which is distributed in the middle layer of the aqueous two-phase layer.After distilled water is added to the crude astaxanthin,the aqueous solution is centrifuged,and the previous step is repeated for several times.The precipitation in centrifuge tube is collected and dried.The crude astaxanthin dried is dissolved with acetone,and the sample solution is separated by TLC.Every pigment on the TLC plate is collected and dissolved with acetone.The pigments are determined by high performance liquid chromatograph.The results show that aqueous two-phase system,3 mL alcohol extractive of astaxanthin and 4.5 mL 20%ammonium sulfate,can be used to acquire crude astaxanthin.The wavelength of the maximum peak of astaxanthin in ethanol solution is 472 nm.A variety of pigments can be separated from the crude astaxanthin by thin-layer chromatography,including free astaxanthin,astaxanthin monoester,astaxanthin diester,echinenone and other substances.It can be seen from high performance liquid chromatography that the appearance time of free astaxanthin is from 4 min to 5.5 min,and the appearance time of astaxanthin monoester is from 10.5 min to 27.8 min.The method is simple about the sample pretreatment and feasible about the determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in shrimp shell.展开更多
Fucoxanthin content of five brown seaweed species of East Java collected from Talango district （Madura sea-Jawa sea） namely Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum filipendula and Sargas...Fucoxanthin content of five brown seaweed species of East Java collected from Talango district （Madura sea-Jawa sea） namely Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum filipendula and Sargassum echinocarpum were determined and samples were collected using Global Positioning System （GPS）. Fucoxanthin from those samples was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography （TLC）, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and the results were then calculated using Seely equation. The pigments separation using HPLC gave a better result compared to TLC, and beside fucoxanthin otlher pigments namely chlorophyll and β carotene were also identified in these samples. Four points of sampling location were chosen using GPS and spot with coordinate positions observed were 113.94444° EL-7.08795° SA; 113.94231° EL-7.08913° SA. The results showed that fucoxanthin content were as follow： Padina australis 0.2674± 0.0046 mg/g; Turbinaria conoides 0.2134± 0.0100 mg/g; Sargassum filipendula 0.1957 ± 0.0173 mg/g; Sargassum cinereum 0.1640 ± 0.0092 mg/g and Sargassum echinocarpum 0.1576 ± 0.0001 mg/g. It can be concluded that Padina australis and Turbinaria conoides contain the most amount of fucoxanthin and it is possible to be cultivated as edible brown seaweed fucoxanthin resources.展开更多
Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain mult...Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632(2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality(I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction(SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.展开更多
Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently...Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was optimized based on the previous methods reported in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition).Results The major compound was isolated from the natural material and identified as linoleic acid.A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with robust linearity(R2=0.9997),specificity,precision,stability,repeatability and recovery was developed for linoleic acid determination.TLC chromatogram was improved significantly after optimization for qualitative analysis.Conclusions The optimized TLC method is practical and can be adopted for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).The levels of linoleic acid vary between species of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精),with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(Jiang Xing Huang Jing,姜型黄精)showing the highest contents.This study provides valuable information for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).展开更多
To study the effect of cultivation system （conventional and organic） on potato tuber components, 42 parameters （anti-nutritives, micro- and macro-elements and 23 metabolites） were studied in three multi-resistant ...To study the effect of cultivation system （conventional and organic） on potato tuber components, 42 parameters （anti-nutritives, micro- and macro-elements and 23 metabolites） were studied in three multi-resistant Hungarian potato varieties for three years in 2007-2009. Discriminant analysis of data proved that all investigated factors （farming technology, genotype and season/year） had significant effect on metabolites. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS） and elemental analysis methods have been adapted to quantify the major components, i.e., steroidal alkaloids, nitrite, nitrate, sugars, amino acids and micro-elements, in potato tubers. The absolute amount and changes of tuber components were influenced differentially by the technology, genotype and season in a complex manner. Any examined component, except nitrate content, was found to be significantly higher or lower consistently in relation to the production practice （organic or conventional） during the three years trials. Under the examined circumstances, no consequent positive effect of organic fanning on the total amount of anti-nutritive components, vitamins or micro- and macro-elements of potato tubers could be proven.展开更多
文摘Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii . Methods To isolate chemical constituents, column chromatography and HPLC were used. Physico chemical characterization and spectroscopic analysis were employed for structural identification. Results Eleven polyphenols were isolated and identified. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure was characterized to be 3,5 dimethoxyl 4 hydroxyl phenylpropanol 9 O β D glycopyranoside.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, chromatographic conditions （mobile phase ratio, flow rate, col- umn temperature） for detecting ellagic acid using HPLC were optimized. Based on the optimal chromatographic conditions, the ellagic acid content in experimental pomegranate peels was determined. [Resull] The optimal chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method are： 1.2% phos- phoric acid：acetonitrile=85：15, column temperature of 35 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The linear regression equation of ellagic acid is： y=2.9e＋0.6x＋4.4e＋5 （FF=9 999）. Ac- cording to the standard addition recovery test, the average recovery rate of ellagic acid is 98.20%, and RSD is 0.60%. Under above optimized chromatographic condi- tions, ellagic acid can be well separated from other interfering components in pomegranate peels, with shorter peak time and ideal effect, which is convenient for the detection in production practices. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method.
基金Supported by Youth Fund of Beijing University of Agriculture(KM2013002)Scientific and Technological Project in Rural Areas from "Twelfth Five-Year Plan(2011BAD34B03-5)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to establish the standards for quality control of Qishen oral solution. [Method] Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macro- cephala Koidz. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the preparation were identified by using thin layer chromatography （TLC）, and Codonopsis pilosula was identified by using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. [Result] By using the developed TLC system, experimental solution and reference solution showed clear spots, while negative control presented no interference. By using the developed HPLC system, the chromatographic peak of Iobetyolin was detected in experimental solution. [Con- clusion] The developed TLC and HPLC systems presented high specificity and good repeatability for identification of these four components and could be used in the quality control of Qishen oral solution.
基金supported by Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program No. XLYC1807161Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Plan No. 2017RQ063+4 种基金Dalian Ocean University Zhanlan scholar ProgramThe National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos. 41206013, 41430963the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No. 201205018the National Science and Technology Support Program under contract No. 2014BAB12B02Projects of Institute of Marine Industry Technology of Liaoning Universities
文摘A method for determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin eaters in shrimp shell by high performance liquid chromatography is established.Shrimp shell are addressed with 5%hydrochloric acid to remove calcium ions.After shell is dried,organics from shrimp shell are extracted with anhydrous ethanol.The alcohol extrative of the shrimp shell is mixed with the ammonium sulfate to extract astaxanthin by aqueous two-phase extraction.The crude astaxanthin is collected,which is distributed in the middle layer of the aqueous two-phase layer.After distilled water is added to the crude astaxanthin,the aqueous solution is centrifuged,and the previous step is repeated for several times.The precipitation in centrifuge tube is collected and dried.The crude astaxanthin dried is dissolved with acetone,and the sample solution is separated by TLC.Every pigment on the TLC plate is collected and dissolved with acetone.The pigments are determined by high performance liquid chromatograph.The results show that aqueous two-phase system,3 mL alcohol extractive of astaxanthin and 4.5 mL 20%ammonium sulfate,can be used to acquire crude astaxanthin.The wavelength of the maximum peak of astaxanthin in ethanol solution is 472 nm.A variety of pigments can be separated from the crude astaxanthin by thin-layer chromatography,including free astaxanthin,astaxanthin monoester,astaxanthin diester,echinenone and other substances.It can be seen from high performance liquid chromatography that the appearance time of free astaxanthin is from 4 min to 5.5 min,and the appearance time of astaxanthin monoester is from 10.5 min to 27.8 min.The method is simple about the sample pretreatment and feasible about the determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in shrimp shell.
文摘Fucoxanthin content of five brown seaweed species of East Java collected from Talango district （Madura sea-Jawa sea） namely Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum filipendula and Sargassum echinocarpum were determined and samples were collected using Global Positioning System （GPS）. Fucoxanthin from those samples was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography （TLC）, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and the results were then calculated using Seely equation. The pigments separation using HPLC gave a better result compared to TLC, and beside fucoxanthin otlher pigments namely chlorophyll and β carotene were also identified in these samples. Four points of sampling location were chosen using GPS and spot with coordinate positions observed were 113.94444° EL-7.08795° SA; 113.94231° EL-7.08913° SA. The results showed that fucoxanthin content were as follow： Padina australis 0.2674± 0.0046 mg/g; Turbinaria conoides 0.2134± 0.0100 mg/g; Sargassum filipendula 0.1957 ± 0.0173 mg/g; Sargassum cinereum 0.1640 ± 0.0092 mg/g and Sargassum echinocarpum 0.1576 ± 0.0001 mg/g. It can be concluded that Padina australis and Turbinaria conoides contain the most amount of fucoxanthin and it is possible to be cultivated as edible brown seaweed fucoxanthin resources.
基金partly supported by "Accordo di Programma, affermazione in Edolo del Centro di Eccellenza Università della Montagna" MIURUniversità degli Studi di Milano, prot. no. 386 1293-05/08/2011 and by Fondazione della Comunità Bresciana- Onlus
文摘Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632(2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality(I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction(SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.
基金We thank for the funding support from the National Standardization Construction in TCMs of China(No.ZYBZH-Y-HUN-23)National Key Research and Development Projects of China(No.2018YFC1707903)Key Research and Development Projects of Hunan Province(No.2018SK2119).
文摘Objective To explore the major compound in Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精)for quality control.Methods The major compound was isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was optimized based on the previous methods reported in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition).Results The major compound was isolated from the natural material and identified as linoleic acid.A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with robust linearity(R2=0.9997),specificity,precision,stability,repeatability and recovery was developed for linoleic acid determination.TLC chromatogram was improved significantly after optimization for qualitative analysis.Conclusions The optimized TLC method is practical and can be adopted for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).The levels of linoleic acid vary between species of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精),with Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(Jiang Xing Huang Jing,姜型黄精)showing the highest contents.This study provides valuable information for quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huang Jing,黄精).
文摘To study the effect of cultivation system （conventional and organic） on potato tuber components, 42 parameters （anti-nutritives, micro- and macro-elements and 23 metabolites） were studied in three multi-resistant Hungarian potato varieties for three years in 2007-2009. Discriminant analysis of data proved that all investigated factors （farming technology, genotype and season/year） had significant effect on metabolites. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS） and elemental analysis methods have been adapted to quantify the major components, i.e., steroidal alkaloids, nitrite, nitrate, sugars, amino acids and micro-elements, in potato tubers. The absolute amount and changes of tuber components were influenced differentially by the technology, genotype and season in a complex manner. Any examined component, except nitrate content, was found to be significantly higher or lower consistently in relation to the production practice （organic or conventional） during the three years trials. Under the examined circumstances, no consequent positive effect of organic fanning on the total amount of anti-nutritive components, vitamins or micro- and macro-elements of potato tubers could be proven.
