Cyclopentazolate anions(cyclo-N5-)have been receiving ever-increasing attention as component of energetic explosives since recent fulfilment of the first stable sample in solid phase and ambient conditions.Herein,we p...Cyclopentazolate anions(cyclo-N5-)have been receiving ever-increasing attention as component of energetic explosives since recent fulfilment of the first stable sample in solid phase and ambient conditions.Herein,we present a new strategy to utilize deflagration reactions of cobalt pentazolate in combination with explosive poly(ionic liquid)(EPIL)for the preparation of Co@N-doped carbon materials with homogeneously distributed cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated by the layers of N-doped carbon sheets.The resultant5%Co(N5)2-EPIL-900 exhibits high electrocatalytic activities,excellent stability and tolerance to CH3 OH towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Moreover,the present approach provides a novel routine for preparation of functional materials from energetic and newly-emerging cyclo-N5--derived compounds.展开更多
The efficient utilization of metallic lithium(Li)is the key to enable application of Li metal full-cell with low amount of excess Li,contributing to higher safety and energy density.Herein,we report an extraordinary L...The efficient utilization of metallic lithium(Li)is the key to enable application of Li metal full-cell with low amount of excess Li,contributing to higher safety and energy density.Herein,we report an extraordinary Li metal full-cell with only 20%excess Li,which demonstrated significantly improved reversibility and high Coulombic efficiency.Ingenious simulated missile guidance and confinement system(SMGCS)was designed to guide and confine Li deposition through constructing compatible silver lithiophilic sites and nitrate layer.Silver sites act as effective Li nuclei to attract Li ions and direct the initial nucleation.The generated nitrate layer affords an interfacial environment favorable for confined and uniform deep Li deposition,which is theoretically verified by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The two combined merits offer a robust and dendrite-free Li deposition,enabling the application of Li metal full-cell with slight excess Li.They also result in an outperformed Li cycling efficiency of ca.99%for over 300 cycles along with deep cycling at a high capacity of 10 mA h cm^(-2)in carbonate electrolytes.The unprecedented high degree of Li utilization opens a new avenue for the future development of highly efficient Li metal full-cells.展开更多
This paper investigates the problem of fuel-efficient and safe control of autonomous vehicle platoons. We present a two-part hierarchical control method that can guarantee platoon stability with minimal fuel consumpti...This paper investigates the problem of fuel-efficient and safe control of autonomous vehicle platoons. We present a two-part hierarchical control method that can guarantee platoon stability with minimal fuel consumption. The first part vehicle controller is derived in the context of receding horizon optimal control by constructing and solving an optimization problem of overall fuel consumption. The Second part platoon controller is a complementation of the first part, which is given on the basis of platoon stability analysis. The effectiveness of the presented platoon control method is demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments with laboratory-scale Arduino cars.展开更多
Harvesting the promising high energy density of advanced electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries is critically dependent on a mechanistic understanding on how the materials function and degrade along with the bat...Harvesting the promising high energy density of advanced electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries is critically dependent on a mechanistic understanding on how the materials function and degrade along with the battery cycling.Here,we tracked phase transformations during(de)lithiation of Sb_(2)Se_(3) single crystals using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)technique,and revealed electro-chemo-mechanical evolution at the reaction interface.The effect of this electro-chemo-mechanical coupling has a complicated interplay on the lithiation kinetics and causes various types of defects at the reaction front,including dislocation dipoles,antiphase boundaries,and cracks.In return,the formed cracks and related defects build a path for fast diffusion of lithium ions and trigger a highly anisotropic lithiation at the twisted reaction front,giving rise to the formation of presumably "dead" Sb_(2)Se_(3) nanodomains in amorphous Li_(x)Sb_(2)Se_(3).The detailed mechanistic understanding may facilitate the rational design of high-capacity electrode materials for battery applications.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21703218 and21875228)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20151013162733704)
文摘Cyclopentazolate anions(cyclo-N5-)have been receiving ever-increasing attention as component of energetic explosives since recent fulfilment of the first stable sample in solid phase and ambient conditions.Herein,we present a new strategy to utilize deflagration reactions of cobalt pentazolate in combination with explosive poly(ionic liquid)(EPIL)for the preparation of Co@N-doped carbon materials with homogeneously distributed cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated by the layers of N-doped carbon sheets.The resultant5%Co(N5)2-EPIL-900 exhibits high electrocatalytic activities,excellent stability and tolerance to CH3 OH towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Moreover,the present approach provides a novel routine for preparation of functional materials from energetic and newly-emerging cyclo-N5--derived compounds.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51622208,21703149,and 51872193)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘The efficient utilization of metallic lithium(Li)is the key to enable application of Li metal full-cell with low amount of excess Li,contributing to higher safety and energy density.Herein,we report an extraordinary Li metal full-cell with only 20%excess Li,which demonstrated significantly improved reversibility and high Coulombic efficiency.Ingenious simulated missile guidance and confinement system(SMGCS)was designed to guide and confine Li deposition through constructing compatible silver lithiophilic sites and nitrate layer.Silver sites act as effective Li nuclei to attract Li ions and direct the initial nucleation.The generated nitrate layer affords an interfacial environment favorable for confined and uniform deep Li deposition,which is theoretically verified by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The two combined merits offer a robust and dendrite-free Li deposition,enabling the application of Li metal full-cell with slight excess Li.They also result in an outperformed Li cycling efficiency of ca.99%for over 300 cycles along with deep cycling at a high capacity of 10 mA h cm^(-2)in carbonate electrolytes.The unprecedented high degree of Li utilization opens a new avenue for the future development of highly efficient Li metal full-cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61273107 and 61573077)Dalian Leading Talent(Grant No.841252)
文摘This paper investigates the problem of fuel-efficient and safe control of autonomous vehicle platoons. We present a two-part hierarchical control method that can guarantee platoon stability with minimal fuel consumption. The first part vehicle controller is derived in the context of receding horizon optimal control by constructing and solving an optimization problem of overall fuel consumption. The Second part platoon controller is a complementation of the first part, which is given on the basis of platoon stability analysis. The effectiveness of the presented platoon control method is demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments with laboratory-scale Arduino cars.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1304902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11904372,U1813211,and 12004034)+2 种基金Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young ScholarsBeijing Institute of Technology Laboratory Research Project(2019BITSYA03)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2021M690386)。
文摘Harvesting the promising high energy density of advanced electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries is critically dependent on a mechanistic understanding on how the materials function and degrade along with the battery cycling.Here,we tracked phase transformations during(de)lithiation of Sb_(2)Se_(3) single crystals using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)technique,and revealed electro-chemo-mechanical evolution at the reaction interface.The effect of this electro-chemo-mechanical coupling has a complicated interplay on the lithiation kinetics and causes various types of defects at the reaction front,including dislocation dipoles,antiphase boundaries,and cracks.In return,the formed cracks and related defects build a path for fast diffusion of lithium ions and trigger a highly anisotropic lithiation at the twisted reaction front,giving rise to the formation of presumably "dead" Sb_(2)Se_(3) nanodomains in amorphous Li_(x)Sb_(2)Se_(3).The detailed mechanistic understanding may facilitate the rational design of high-capacity electrode materials for battery applications.
