基于奇异谱分析的CORS大地高时序形变信息提取

为增强信号提取的信噪比,采用奇异谱分析(SSA)对测站大地高序列进行分解与重构,利用仿真实验确定嵌入维数与截断主分量个数的选取原则,进一步将SSA方法应用到CORS时序形变信息提取中。通过FFT分析发现,大地高时序以分解的季节性变化成分为主,重构后时序标准差明显减小,表明SSA方法可有效提高CORS大地高时序信噪比,起到降噪平滑作用。研究结果对地壳垂直形变特征表达及SSA应用拓展具有一定意义。

基于动态时间弯曲的马铃薯干腐病发病期时序高光谱诊断方法

本实验针对马铃薯干腐病潜育期到发病期的诊断方法进行研究,利用时序高光谱对病害发生过程中的病症特征进行分析和提取,并基于时序性特征采用动态时间弯曲(dynamic time warping,DTW)聚类算法对时序关键点进行分析,即对发病期初始点进行诊断。本研究在数据预处理中使用图像阈值分割算法提取动态感兴趣区域,利用概率密度比算法剔除病害光谱异常值,在对比病症的光谱与外观后,发现马铃薯干腐病的光谱具有非单调性特征,再基于该非单调性特征使用高斯核函数的主成分权重系数法进行光谱特征提取。最后基于病害特征,利用模糊聚类方法判定时序关键点,其结果正确率仅为66.7%;针对特征时序性再利用DTW聚类算法判定时序关键点,其结果正确率达94.4%。本实验研究表明基于DTW的时序高光谱诊断方法能对马铃薯干腐病发病期进行有效诊断。

基于时序高光谱和多任务学习的水稻病害早期预测研究

水稻病害是影响水稻产量的重要因素之一,水稻病害的早期预测对水稻病害防治至关重要。为了实现水稻白叶枯病害的预测,连续采集了从接种病菌到早期发病共7 d的白叶枯病害胁迫下的叶片高光谱图像。利用Savitzky-Golay算法对高光谱图像进行预处理,并利用主成分分析(Principal component analysis, PCA)和随机森林(Random forest, RF)算法提取光谱特征,构建多任务学习(Multi-task learning, MTL)与长短期记忆(Long short-term memory, LSTM)网络融合的预测模型,对水稻病害发病率和潜伏期进行预测,并利用鲸鱼优化算法(Whale optimization algorithm, WOA)对MTL-LSTM模型进行优化。实验结果表明:PCA和RF可以有效地从高光谱图像中提取光谱特征,降低高光谱数据维度,且基于光谱特征构建的预测模型性能优于全波段光谱构建的预测模型性能,建模时间降低约98%。基于时序高光谱构建的预测模型对发病率和潜伏期的预测取得了预期效果,基于前10个特征波长构建的WOA-MTL-LSTM模型取得了最优的预测性能,对发病率和潜伏期预测测试集的R^(2)分别为0.93和0.85,RMSE分别为0.34和2.12,RE分别为0.33%和1.21%。通过WOA算法可以提升MTL-LSTM的预测性能,对发病率和潜伏期预测的R^(2)均提升0.05。研究结果表明RF提取高光谱特征能有效表征全波段光谱,基于时序高光谱的WOA-MTL-LSTM模型可以准确预测白叶枯病害发病率和潜伏期,为水稻白叶枯病害的预防提供了技术支持。

TLBO-ELM模型的番茄灰霉病高光谱潜育期诊断

番茄叶片在感染病害后首先发生的是内在生理反应,肉眼无法观察到。叶片从被感染到出现肉眼可见病斑期间,称为叶片病害潜育期。为了实现番茄叶片表面未见明显病斑的灰霉病潜育期诊断,对接种样本进行叶片编码、跟踪、采集所有编码叶片样本1~8 d连续高光谱图像数据,建立番茄叶片样本时序高光谱数据集。采用跟踪的叶片样本出现肉眼可见病斑前几天同一位置区域的高光谱数据作为潜育期感兴趣区域进行检测分析。为了建立番茄叶片灰霉病潜育期诊断和不同病斑等级分类模型,采用基于教学优化算法(TLBO)优化极限学习机(ELM)的分类模型进行建模。通过TLBO算法优化ELM的输入权值和隐藏层的偏差,提高模型分类性能。利用高光谱成像系统在近红外高光谱波段388~1006 nm波段获取五个等级的感兴趣区域进行数据建模,共采样213个高光谱数据,其中,健康类(56个)、潜育期类(42个)、小病斑类(43个)、大病斑类(39个)和严重类(33个)。通过对比不同的光谱预处理方法,采用效果最好的小波滤波变换(DWT)对样本数据中每类数据分别滤波。DWT滤波后,在610~840 nm波段间五个等级光谱曲线能区分明显,共包含91个波长,波长数量较多。因此,采用竞争性自适应重加权抽样法(CARS)对采用DWT预处理后的光谱数据在610~840 nm波段重复3次优选特征波长,合并去除重复项后得到9个特征波段:694,696,765,767,769,772,778,838和840 nm。最后分别选取全波段FC、610~840 nm波段、CARS提取的9个特征波段建立3个分类模型FC-TLBO-ELM,DWT-TLBO-ELM,DWT-CARS-TLBO-ELM进行对比,其中DWT-CARS-TLBO-ELM检测精确度最高达100%,潜育期召回率100%,利用时间最短为0.0689 s,表明该模型可以实现番茄灰霉病潜育期高精度诊断和灰霉病病害程度高精度分类,为番茄灰霉病早期防治、精准施药提供理论依据。

多抽头EMCCD相机时序控制及像元合并技术

高速、高灵敏度相机在自适应光学系统中可以对波前误差进行实时测量,为大型地基望远镜提供接近衍射极限的目标图像。多抽头电子倍增电荷耦合器件(EMCCD)相机是自适应光学波前探测的最佳选择之一,基于8抽头的CCD220设计了2000f/s级高速、高精度、多路同步时序发生器,并通过时序控制的方法在CCD器件上实现了多种像元合并,进一步将相机帧频提高到3500f/s(2×2合并)和5700f/s(4×4合并),并能对相机感兴趣区域进行控制。时序发生器的步进精度可达到2.5ns,输出的各路驱动信号的相位抖动可达200ps以下。

From Phenotypes to Molecules: Revolutionizing Gut Microbiota Identification Methods

The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of many bacteria and their metabolites.It plays an irreplaceable role in human digestion,nutrient absorption,energy supply,fat metabolism,immune regulation,and many other aspects.Exploring the structure and function of the gut microbiota,as well as their key genes and metabolites,will enable the early diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of diseases,new treatment methods,better effects of drug treatments,and better guidance in the use of antibiotics.The identification of gut microbiota plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as in drug research and development.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of this rapidly evolving topic.Traditional identification methods cannot comprehensively capture the diversity of gut microbiota.Currently,with the rapid development of molecular biology,the classification and identification methods for gut microbiota have evolved from the initial phenotypic and chemical identification to identification at the molecular level.This review integrates the main methods of gut microbiota identification and evaluates their application.We pay special attention to the research progress on molecular biological methods and focus on the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the identification of gut microbiota.This revolutionary method for intestinal flora identification heralds a new chapter in our understanding of the microbial world.

基于SAR影像的广东省垦造水田监测应用研究

垦造水田每年至少种植一次水稻,是垦造水田监管的重点内容。为了实现低成本、高效率监测,本文基于高时序的Sentinel-1A影像水稻识别技术,在广东省垦造水田监测中开展应用,并结合外业实地拍摄照片进行结果验证。选取广东省2020年前验收的垦造水田项目中新增水田为监测对象进行试验。结果显示,早稻识别结果总体精度达85.02%,晚稻识别结果总体精度达90.46%,说明该方法用于判断水稻种植情况是可行的,可有效缩小外业核查范围,提高监测效率。

用脉冲激光同轴全息技术测量微射流

用脉冲激光同轴全息技术建立了全息照相系统和高精度同步时序系统,获得了采用爆轰加载产生高速运动的微射流全息图,并再现出微射流的全息像,得到粒子的大小和分布情况,从图像处理得到粒子尺寸的统计结果表明,最大尺寸在300μm左右,最小尺寸在30μm左右。证明了研制的全息系统和测试技术可以测量高速的微射流场。

Effect of Topography and Accessibility on Vegetation Dynamic Pattern in Mountain-hill Region

Knowledge of both vegetation distribution pattern and phenology changes is very important.Their complicated relationship with elevation and accessibility were explored through a geographically weighted regression(GWR) framework in Fujian province,China.The 16-day time series of 250 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) dataset from 2000 to 2010 was applied.Wavelet transform method was adopted to decompose the original time series and construct the annual maximum EVI and amplitude of the annual phenological cycle(EVI).Candidate explaining factors included topographic conditions,accessibility variables and proportions of primary vegetation types.Results revealed very strong positive influence from parameters of elevation and accessibility to big rivers and negative effect from accessibility to resident on both maximum EVI and phenological magnitude through ordinary linear least square(OLS) regression analysis.GWR analysis revealed that spatially,the parameters of topography and accessibility had a very complex relationship with both maximum EVI and phenology magnitude,as a result of the various combinations of environmental factors,vegetation composition and also intensive anthropogenic impact.Apart from the continuously increasing trend of phenology magnitude with increasing altitude,the influence of topography and accessibility on maximum EVI and phenological magnitude generally decreased,even from strongly positive to negative,with increasing altitude or distance.Specially,the most rapid change of correlation coefficient between them was observed within a low elevation or close distance;less variation was discovered within a certain range of medium altitude or distance and their relationship might change above this range.Non-stationary approaches are needed to better characterize the complex vegetation dynamic pattern in Mountain-hill Region.

Short-term forecasting optimization algorithms for wind speed along Qinghai-Tibet railway based on different intelligent modeling theories

To protect trains against strong cross-wind along Qinghai-Tibet railway, a strong wind speed monitoring and warning system was developed. And to obtain high-precision wind speed short-term forecasting values for the system to make more accurate scheduling decision, two optimization algorithms were proposed. Using them to make calculative examples for actual wind speed time series from the 18th meteorological station, the results show that: the optimization algorithm based on wavelet analysis method and improved time series analysis method can attain high-precision multi-step forecasting values, the mean relative errors of one-step, three-step, five-step and ten-step forecasting are only 0.30%, 0.75%, 1.15% and 1.65%, respectively. The optimization algorithm based on wavelet analysis method and Kalman time series analysis method can obtain high-precision one-step forecasting values, the mean relative error of one-step forecasting is reduced by 61.67% to 0.115%. The two optimization algorithms both maintain the modeling simple character, and can attain prediction explicit equations after modeling calculation.

Prediction of metal futures price volatility and empirical analysis based on symbolic time series of high-frequency

The metal futures price fluctuation prediction model was constructed based on symbolic high-frequency time series using high-frequency data on the Shanghai Copper Futures Exchange from July 2014 to September 2018,and the sample was divided into 194 histogram time series employing symbolic time series.The next cycle was then predicted using the K-NN algorithm and exponential smoothing,respectively.The results show that the trend of the histogram of the copper futures earnings prediction is gentler than that of the actual histogram,the overall situation of the prediction results is better,and the overall fluctuation of the one-week earnings of the copper futures predicted and the actual volatility are largely the same.This shows that the results predicted by the K-NN algorithm are more accurate than those predicted by the exponential smoothing method.Based on the predicted one-week price fluctuations of copper futures,regulators and investors in China’s copper futures market can timely adjust their regulatory policies and investment strategies to control risks.

Effect of Gaussian Noise Amplitude on Translation Error Estimated Using Double-Wayland Algorithm

The Wayland algorithm has been improved in order to evaluate the degree of visible determinism for dynamical systems that generate time series. The objective of this study is to show that the Double-Wayland algorithm can distinguish between time series generated by a deterministic process and those generated by a stochastic process. The authors conducted numerical analysis of the van der Pol equation and a stochastic differential equation as a deterministic process and a Ganssian stochastic process, respectively. In case of large S/N ratios, the noise term did not affect the translation error derived from time series data, but affected that from the temporal differences of time series. In case of larger noise amplitudes, the translation error from the differences was calculated to be approximately 1 using the Double-Wayland algorithm, and it did not vary in magnitude. Furthermore, the translation error derived from the differenced sequences was considered stable against noise. This novel algorithm was applied to the detection of anomalous signals in some fields of engineering, such as the analysis of railway systems and bio-signals.

Landslide monitoring with high-resolution SAR data in the Three Gorges region

Employing the well-known D-InSAR technique,we investigated landslide monitoring in the Three Gorges region using TerraSAR-X data.The experiment demonstrates that using both the amplitude and differential phase allows us to identify the precise location,deformation and time range of occurrence of certain landslides.To overcome the atmospheric effect on D-InSAR results,a time-series analysis was also carried out.The observed nonlinear relationship between the deformation and water level suggests that reservoir water level fluctuation is one of the major causes of landslides,which is significant in terms of issuing landslide warnings.In addition,the comparison of TerraSAR-X and C-band ASAR data results indicates that TerraSAR-X data provide far more reasonable deformation measurements because of their high temporal and spatial resolutions.

Approximate Gaussian conjugacy： parametric recursive filtering under nonlinearity, multimodality, uncertainty, and constraint, and beyond

Since the landmark work of R. E. Kalman in the 1960s, considerable efforts have been devoted to time series state space models for a large variety of dynamic estimation problems. In particular, parametric filters that seek analytical estimates based on a closed-form Markov-Bayes recursion, e.g., recursion from a Gaussian or Gaussian mixture （GM） prior to a Gaussian/GM posterior （termed ＇Gaussian conjugacy＇ in this paper）, form the backbone for a general time series filter design. Due to challenges arising from nonlinearity, multimodality （including target maneuver）, intractable uncertainties （such as unknown inputs and/or non-Gaussian noises） and constraints （including circular quantities）, etc., new theories, algorithms, and technologies have been developed continuously to maintain such a conjugacy, or to approximate it as close as possible. They had contributed in large part to the prospective developments of time series parametric filters in the last six decades. In this paper, we review the state of the art in distinctive categories and highlight some insights that may otherwise be easily overlooked. In particular, specific attention is paid to nonlinear systems with an informative observation, multimodal systems including Gaussian mixture posterior and maneuvers, and intractable unknown inputs and constraints, to fill some gaps in existing reviews and surveys. In addition, we provide some new thoughts on alternatives to the first-order Markov transition model and on filter evaluation with regard to computing complexity.

Land cover mapping using time series HJ-1 / CCD data

It is very difficult to have remote sensing data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency; thus, two categories of land-use mapping methodology have been developed separately for coarser resolution and finer resolution data. The first category uses time series of data to retrieve the variation of land surface for classification, which are usually used for coarser resolution data with high temporal frequency. The second category uses fine spatial resolution data to classify different land surface. With the launch of Chinese satellite constellation HJ-1in 2008, four 30 m spatial resolution CCDs with about 360 km coverage for each one onboard two satellites made a revisit period of two days, which brought a new type of data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency. Therefore, by taking the spatiotemporal advantage of HJ-1/CCD data we propose a new method for finer resolution land cover mapping using the time series HJ-1/CCD data, which can greatly improve the land cover mapping accuracy. In our two study areas, the very high resolution remote sensing data within Google Earth are used to validate the land cover mapping results, which shows a very high mapping accuracy of 95.76% and 83.78% and a high Kappa coefficient of 0.9423 and 0.8165 in the Dahuofang area of Liaoning Province and the Heiquan area of Gansu Province respectively.