无线高时延环境下自适应信道带宽的TCP协议传输优化方法

无线通信链路存在高时延、高抖动与高丢包率等特征,导致TCP协议在无线通信网络中的传输效果较差.针对TCP协议在高时延链路上存在的局限性,提出了一种能够实现自适应信道带宽的TCP协议传输优化方法,该方法利用协议代理的方式,并结合采用ACK欺骗、基于改进的TCP Vegas算法的发送控制以及通告窗口调整等方式,能够最大程度上适应无线链路的可用信道带宽.仿真结果表明,相比无线高时延环境下标准TCP协议传输速率,TCP协议传输优化方法的传输速率得到了有效提升,能够达到可用理论信道带宽的90%以上.

高时延混合网络拥塞控制仿真实验设计

TCP Hybla拥塞控制算法因其具有较好的吞吐量和兼容性,被广泛应用于高时延混合网络中以解决网络性能下降问题。针对Hybla拥塞控制原理抽象,过程变化快,在混合网络环境下较之传统实验教学难以直观展现的问题,引入了NS-3仿真实验平台。通过搭建哑铃状高时延混合网络环境,添加追踪和流量监测机制得到仿真数据。与Hybla理论分析对比,实验数据与理论结果一致,真实反映了混合网络环境。同时通过与其他拥塞控制算法对比,直观地验证了TCP Hybla算法能够提供较好的网络公平性、友好性以及响应灵敏性,突破了传统实验教学难以形象直观分析拥塞控制的局限性。

彩信业务高时延问题的优化研究

彩信业务作为运营商的自有业务,网络和业务的优化直接影响到用户的感知,因此彩信业务的优化对于提高业务质量,提升用户感知度起着重要的作用。文章首先对现网数据进行了统计分析,发现现网中彩信发送接收存在高时延问题;其次,针对彩信高时延问题提出通用的端到端的彩信分析思路及优化方案;最后利用通用分析思路及优化方案结合现网的问题进行分析并提出具有针对性的优化方案。

水下传感器网络时间同步技术综述

时间同步是传感器节点协同工作的基础.水下传感器网络由于采用水声通信方式,具有不同于陆地无线传感器网络的特点,为时间同步算法研究带来了新的挑战.论文首先说明同步问题与同步算法的形式化定义,然后讨论水下传感器网络不同于陆地传感器网络的特点,并指出相关特点对于同步问题的影响;接着综述陆地传感器网络同步算法的研究进展,分析相关算法用于水下环境的不足;进而介绍水下传感器网络同步算法的研究进展,并通过仿真实验完成了相关算法的性能对比;最后总结水下传感器网络时间同步的关键问题,指出进一步的研究方向.

基于移动模型的水下传感器网络时间同步算法

水下传感器网络具有高时延、移动性的特点。现有时间同步算法在网络移动性方面考虑不足,时间同步参数计算精度不高。针对该问题,首先分析网络移动性对时间同步参数计算的影响,建立节点移动模型,并在此基础上推导出时间同步参数计算方程;进而提出一种能够应用于水下高时延网络的时间同步算法MM-sync。实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,MM-sync能够在通信量较小的基础上达到较高的精确度,适用于高密度快速运动的水下传感器网络。

TIGGE数据接收问题分析与解决

2010年1月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)开始提供高分辨率产品,中国气象局TIGGE(THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble)数据接收完整性受到较大影响,数据丢失量大,针对此问题,对数据接收环节进行了逐一分析,发现数据共享软件(全球气象数据共享系统)使用的TCP传输协议在高带宽、高时延网络环境下存在性能瓶颈,制约了当前网络吞吐量的提高,不能满足每天大数据量的传输要求。通过对TIGGE系统的TCP接收窗口大小进行调整,提高了TCP协议性能和当前网络吞吐量。调整后,中国气象局数据接收情况与全球其他业务中心基本一致,实现了对全球各中心数据的完整接收。

Transient Properties of a Bistable System with Delay Time Driven by Non-Gaussian and Gaussian Noises:Mean First-Passage Time

The mean first-passage time of a bistable system with time-delayed feedback driven by multiplicative non-Gaussian noise and additive Gaussian white noise is investigated. Firstly, the non-Markov process is reduced to the Markov process through a path-integral approach; Secondly, the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained by applying the unified coloured noise approximation, the small time delay approximation and the Novikov Theorem. The functional analysis and simplification are employed to obtain the approximate expressions of MFPT. The effects of non-Gaussian parameter （measures deviation from Gaussian character） r, the delay time τ, the noise correlation time to, the intensities D and a of noise on the MFPT are discussed. It is found that the escape time could be reduced by increasing the delay time τ, the noise correlation time τ0, or by reducing the intensities D and α. As far as we know, this is the first time to consider the effect of delay time on the mean first-passage time in the stochastic dynamical system.

MODIFIED HIGHER ORDER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS BASED TDE ALGORITHM FOR CFAR SIGNAL DETECTION PROBLEM

With the conditions of small data size and low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the application of Higher Order Statistics (HOS) is restrained not only by its high estimation variance,but also by its low estimation precision. Therefore, a modified HOS based Time Delay Estimation (TDE) algorithm is proposed to overcome these problems. Comparing with the conventional TDE algorithms, the estimation variance is improved greatly. A typical simulation example is completed in order to test the performance of the algorithm proposed, which shows that the proposed algorithm has advantages over the traditional ones in both detection performance and computation efficiency.

Robust PID controller design for time delay processes with peak of maximum sensitivity criteria

The motivation of this work is to obtain single PI/PID tuning formula for different types of processes with enhanced disturbance rejection performance. The proposed tuning formula consistently gives better performance in comparison to several well-known methods at the same degree of robustness for stable, integrating and unstable processes. For the selection of the closed-loop time constant(τc), a guideline is provided over a broad range of time-delay/time-constant ratios on the basis of the peak of maximum sensitivity(Ms). An analysis has been performed for the uncertainty margin with the different process parameters for the robust controller design. It gives the guideline of the Ms-value settings for the PI controller designs based on the process parameters uncertainty. Furthermore, a relationship has been developed between Ms-value and uncertainty margin with the different process parameters(k, τ and θ). Simulation study has been conducted for the broad class of processes and the controllers are tuned to have the same degree of robustness by measuring the maximum sensitivity, Ms, in order to obtain a reasonable comparison.

A unified approach of PID controller design for unstable processes with time delay

This paper addresses a unified approach of the PID controller design for low as well as high order unstable processes with time delay.The design method is based on the direct synthesis(DS)approach to achieve the enhanced load disturbance rejection.To improve the servo response,a two-degree of freedom control scheme has been considered.A suitable guideline has been provided to select the desired reference model in the DS scheme.The direct synthesis controller has been approximated to the PID controller using the frequency response matching method.A consistently better performance has been obtained in comparison with the recently reported methods.

远距离遥感数据传输协议优化技术研究

针对远距离遥感数据传输过程中存在的网络通信高时延、带宽利用率低等问题,在基于TCP(transmission control protocol)和UDP(user datagram protocol)的基础上,提出了一种新型数据传输协议--FRUDP(feedback retransmission user data protocol).该协议依据链路条件将待发数据分包、分组,发送方根据接收方IP地址及对应端口,依序集中发送数据组包及反馈重传包,接收方通过接收、解析数据包头,遍历统计得出数据包接收情况,进而反馈重传统计结果,轮询发送、接收反馈操作直到接收完成.该协议有效地保证了传输数据的准确性,并且使发送方性能获得极大提升,提高了高时延链路环境下的带宽利用率.测试实验结果表明:FRUDP能够有效保障高时延链路条件下的带宽利用率.

Shock tube study of kerosene ignition delay at high pressures

Ignition delay times of China No.3 aviation kerosene were measured behind reflected shock waves using a heated high-pressure shock tube.Experimental conditions covered a wider temperature range of 820-1500 K,at pressures of 5.5,11 and 22 atm,equivalence ratios of 0.5,1.0 and 1.5,and oxygen concentration of 20%.Adsorption of kerosene on the shock tube wall was taken into account.Ignition delay times were determined from the onset of the excited radical OH emission in conjunction with the pressure profiles.The experimental results of ignition delay time were correlated with the equations:11 0.22 1.09 2 3.2 10 [Keros ene ] [O2] exp(69941 RT) and 7 0.88 0.23 4.72 10 P exp(62092 RT).The current measurements provide the ignition delay behavior of China No.3 aviation kerosene at high pressures and air-like O2 concentration.

Autoignition of butanol isomers/n-heptane blend fuels on a rapid compression machine in N_2/O_2/Ar mixtures

Ignition delay times of butanol isomers/n-heptane mixture were measured using a rapid compression machine at compressed pressures of 15,20 and 30 bar,in the compressed temperature range of 650–830 K and equivalence ratio of 1.0.Sensitivity analysis and reaction fluxes analysis were performed using a detailed mechanism of blend fuels so as to evaluate the impact of n-heptane addition and temperature variation on the ignition and combustion process.Over the experimental conditions in this study,the blend fuels displays apparent low and high temperature reactions and a negative-temperature-coefficient(NTC)behavior.With increasing butanol isomers mole fraction in the mixtures,the ignition delay times increase.It is worth noting that the suppression to n-heptane ignition from tert-butanol is very limited.The ignition delay time of 40/60 tert-butanol/n-heptane mixture is smaller than other three kinds of blends.With the increasing of tert-butanol mole fraction,the increasing range of its ignition delay time is very large.Moreover,compressed pressure has a limited effect on the ignition of blend mixture at low temperature but certain influence at medium temperature arrange.Tert-butanol/n-heptane mixture is not sensitive to the pressure.The chemical analysis indicates that butanol isomers also present the NTC behavior because of the low temperature reactivity radicals pool produced by n-heptane.Reaction fluxes analysis shows that the n-heptane addition has little impact on the reaction path.Sensitivity analysis shows that for the pure n-butanol,2-butanol and iso-butanol fuel,H-abstraction from the?-carbon plays the dominant role in the reactions having the inhibiting effect on the low-temperature branching,while the H-abstraction from the?-carbon can promote the ignition;for tert-butanol/n-heptane mixtures,reaction R16.H2O2(+M)<=>OH+OH(+M)plays the leading role.For n-butanol/n-heptane,iso-butanol/n-heptane mixtures,the major promoting reactions include some H-abstraction from n-heptane and OH branching reactions,the influence of H-abstraction from?-carbon is weaken;For 2-butanol/n-heptane,tert-butanol/n-heptane mixtures,R16 plays an absolutely dominant role,while the major inhibiting reactions add some elementary reactions of small radicals.

MILD Combustion for Hydrogen and Syngas at Elevated Pressures

As gas recirculation constitutes a fundamental condition for the realization of MILD combustion, it is necessary to determine gas recirculation ratio before designing MILD combustor. MILD combustion model with gas recirculation was used in this simulation work to evaluate the effect of fuel type and pressure on threshold gas recirculation ratio of MILD mode. Ignition delay time is also an important design parameter for gas turbine combustor, this parameter is kinetically studied to analyze the effect of pressure on MILD mixture ignition. Threshold gas recirculation ratio of hydrogen MILD combustion changes slightly and is nearly equal to that of 10 MJ/Nm3syngas in the pressure range of 1-19 atm, under the conditions of 298 K fresh reactant temperature and 1373 K exhaust gas temperature, indicating that MILD regime is fuel flexible. Ignition delay calculation results show that pressure has a negative effect on ignition delay time of 10 MJ/Nm3syngas MILD mixture, because OH mole fraction in MILD mixture drops down as pressure increases, resulting in the delay of the oxidation process.

Auto-ignition of biomass synthesis gas in shock tube at elevated temperature and pressure

Ignition delay times of multi-component biomass synthesis gas （bio-syngas） diluted in argon were measured in a shock tube at elevated pressure （5, 10and 15 bar, 1 bar = 105 Pa）, wide temperature ranges （1,100-1,700 K） and various equivalence ratios （0.5, 1.0, 2.0）. Additionally, the effects of the variations of main constituents （H2：CO = 0.125-8） on ignition delays were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the ignition delay decreases as the pressure increases above certain temperature （around 1,200 K） and vice versa. The ignition delays were also found to rise as CO concentration increases, which is in good agreement with the literature. In addition, the ignition delays of bio-syngas were found increasing as the equivalence ratio rises. This behavior was primarily discussed in present work. Experimental results were also compared with numerical predictions of multiple chemical kinetic mechanisms and Li＇s mechanism was found having the best accuracy. The logarithmic ignition delays were found nonlinearly decrease with the H2 concentration under various conditions, and the effects of temperature, equivalence ratio and H2 concentration on the ignition delays are all remarkable. However, the effect of pressure is rela- tively smaller under current conditions. Sensitivity analysis and reaction pathway analysis of methane showed that R1 （H ＋O2= O -9 OH） is the most sensitive reaction promot- ing ignition and R13 （H ＋O2 （＋M） = HO2 （＋M））, R53（CH3＋H （＋M）= CH4 （＋M））, R54 （CH4＋H= CH3 ＋ H2） as well as R56 （CH4 ＋ OH = CH3 ＋ H2O） are key reactions prohibiting ignition under current experimental conditions. Among them, R53 （CH3 ＋ H （＋M） = CH4 （＋M））, R54 （CH4 ＋ H = CH3 ＋ H2） have the largest posi- tive sensitivities and the high contribution rate in rich mixture. The rate of production （ROP） of OH of R1 showed that OH ROP of R1 decreases sharply as the mixture turns rich. Therefore, the ignition delays become longer as the equiva- lence ratio increases.