高株农作物喷药机设计及研究

随着高株农作物的发展,我国的高株农作物喷药机需求也在逐步地提升,进行高株农作物喷药机的设计优化也显得愈发重要。基于此,文章将针对高株农作物喷药机的设计及其优势进行分析,进而提出了高株农作物喷药机的实施方法以及使用过程中需要注意的问题,希望可以对高株农作物喷药机的推广应用有所帮助。

高株作物分禾器防前倾装置设计

现有收获设备在收获纤维用工业大麻等高株作物时,分禾装置在分禾的过程中,由于作物株高较高,且农艺上种植密度比较大,上端分蘖间相互缠绕,产生的作物茎秆前倾问题。设计一种高株作物分禾器的防前倾装置,设置在分禾器上端面,主动链轮由链轮架连接在机架前端靠近分禾器一侧的横梁上,主动链轮两侧对称布置双效防缠罩;从动链轮设置在分禾器上端面靠近尖端位置,从动链轮两侧对称布置双效防缠罩;清麻针通过清麻针固定套设置在分禾器尖端,针尖朝向从动链轮;拨麻链安装在主动链轮和从动链轮之间,拨麻链上设有张紧轮,扶麻拨齿铆接在拨麻链上,拨麻链两侧设有拨麻链防缠护板。

基于标尺图像识别的作物株高测量

作物株高的测量是农作物自动观测中的重要环节,能直接反映作物的生长情况。针对人工测量作物株高成本较高且个人的主观影响较大的问题,文中提出了一种通过图像处理来测量株高的方法。将标尺置于作物主茎秆后方并拍摄标尺的照片,在MATLAB上将图像转换到HSV颜色空间分割标尺色块并进行滤波。采用连通域分析法计算标尺色块的像素高度,通过标尺像素高度和实际高度的比例关系计算株高。以灌木丛为实验对象拍摄照片并进行测量,然后对比实验测得的株高数据与人工测量数据,结果显示测量误差小于0.0173 m,满足自动观测株高的标准。

基于网络摄像机的株高远程无损测量系统

作物株高是体现作物长势的重要指标。为此,针对现有基于图像分析测量方法需设置标定物、图像分割困难、精度不高的问题,提出一种基于网络摄像机的株高远程无损测量方法。利用三角测量原理,通过控制网络摄像机云台运动,计算光轴旋转角度,实现了株高的远程无损测量。以玉米为研究对象,在喇叭口期,通过焦距固定和焦距可变两组实验,测试了焦距变化对测量数据的影响。在三叶期、拔节期、大喇叭口期和抽雄期,随机选取10株作物,进行远程无损测量和人工测量,并生成株高数据连续变化曲线。实验结果表明:使用该方法,测量结果不受作物与摄像机距离远近和摄像机焦距变化的影响,鲁棒性强,对于无倾斜或倾斜度较小的作物,测量平均相对误差为3.66%,最大相对误差为6.71%,可满足农业生产的要求。

Difference between Responses of Potato Plant Height to Corrected FAO-56-recommended Crop Coefficient and Measured Crop Coefficient

This study was conducted to establish a simple convenient method for calculating crop coefficient, and provide a certain basis for the research of the empirical formula for calculating crop coefficient with plant height which could be measured conveniently with regional differences, especially for the establishment of accurate irrigation schedule of potato in Yunnan. By the field experiment on potato under the condition of drip irrigation, it was found that the models of plant height with corrected FAO-56-recommended K and measured K were a quartic polynomial and a cubic polynomial, respectively, and the polynomial of potato plant height with measured crop coefficient was simpler with higher degree of fitting; and the differences between the period with the highest change rate of potato plant height and the periods with the greatest FAO-56-recommended K and measured K exhibited a differences of 3 d. In conclusion： In the future study of simple or empirical formula calculation of crop coefficient, plant height should be considered as a main dependent variable in that the calculation result would be closer to the measured crop coefficient with the problem of regional difference existing in the FAO method solved and the formula might be simpler; and the irrigation time of potato should be 3 d earlier than the irrigation time determined according to the corrected FAO-56-recommended crop coefficient, especially in the key water requirement stages of potato.

植物生长参数检测系统设计

为了实现对植物生长状况的基本检测,本文使用Opencv与MATLAB等工具,设计了基于图像处理的绿色植物覆盖率和株高的自动测量系统,并介绍其软、硬件设计方案。

工业大麻(纤维)收获机用多层分麻装置设计及试验

工业大麻(纤维)收获机用多层分麻装置,采用多层结构,分别对工业大麻(纤维)茎秆的根部、中段、梢部进行分禾,加强前尖上层分麻杆的横向尺寸最大,能将工业大麻(纤维)上段分蘖部分更好地分禾。中层分麻杆的横向尺寸小于上层分麻秆的横向尺寸、大于分麻板的横向尺寸,既将麻株中段很好的进行分禾,又能减小分麻阻力。该装置不仅适用于工业大麻(纤维),还适用于高茎秆、密植作物的分禾。