重症监护病房（intensive care unit，ICU）危重患者的救治工作强度大，良好的静脉通路对危重患者的生命支持非常重要。锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术（以下简称“锁穿”）建立静脉通路具有广泛的临床实用价值：监测血流动力学，注射抢...重症监护病房（intensive care unit，ICU）危重患者的救治工作强度大，良好的静脉通路对危重患者的生命支持非常重要。锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术（以下简称“锁穿”）建立静脉通路具有广泛的临床实用价值：监测血流动力学，注射抢救药物，输注高渗静脉营养、血管活性药物和高浓度药物，静脉采血，心脏临时起搏，血液净化治疗等，且易于固定，方便医疗及护理操作，减少工作量，展开更多
Aim To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of scutellarin in plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in dogs. Methods Scutellarin was given to dogs by intravenous injection and determined by RP-HPLC, the m...Aim To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of scutellarin in plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in dogs. Methods Scutellarin was given to dogs by intravenous injection and determined by RP-HPLC, the mean plasma concentration-time curve was plotted and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by program 3p87. Resu;ts The concentration-time curve of scutellarin could be fitted to three-compartment model with T1/2 pi, T1/2 α and T1/2 β being 1.05 ± 0.80 min, 6.99 + 2.76 min and 51.61 + 28.78 min, respectively, Vc being 880.1 + 508.3 mL, CL being 189.6 + 53.8 mL@ min- 1, and AUC0-90 and AUC0-∞ being 574.43 + 133.95 μg@ min@ mL - 1 and 599.34 ± 132.00μg@ min@mL- 1, respectively. Conclusion The fact that the concentrations of scutellarin in plasma declined rapidly after the medication suggested that the T1/2 of scutellarin should be taken into account in drug administration and preparation development.展开更多
经外周中心静脉置管（peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC）国外上世纪80年代开始应用于临床,经过几十年的发展,现在我国医院应用也越来越普及。由于PICC是惟一授权可以由护士操作的中心静脉置管术,加上留置时间长,维护简单...经外周中心静脉置管（peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC）国外上世纪80年代开始应用于临床,经过几十年的发展,现在我国医院应用也越来越普及。由于PICC是惟一授权可以由护士操作的中心静脉置管术,加上留置时间长,维护简单等特点,非常适合化疗药物、刺激性药物、高浓度药物以及肠外营养液的输注,现在临床上普遍应用。展开更多
Fenneropenaeus chinensis, an economically important shrimp species, currently suffers from epizootic diseases due to high density stocking and bacterial infections. Oxytetracycline （OTC） has been widely used to trea...Fenneropenaeus chinensis, an economically important shrimp species, currently suffers from epizootic diseases due to high density stocking and bacterial infections. Oxytetracycline （OTC） has been widely used to treat various systemic bacterial infec- tions in shrimp farming. In the present study, the effect of gender on pharmacokinetics of OTC in F. chinensis was investigated. The OTC concentrations in hemolymph of shrimp after single intramuscular administration （75 mg OTC per kg body weight） were ana- lyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and best described with a two-compartment open model which is characterized by a short elimination half-life, low clearance, and a relatively large apparent volume of distribution. The pharmacokinetic equations were Ct= 58.54e-0.38t＋ 11.67e-0.04t for females; and Ct= 27.94e-0.28t＋ 14.87e-0.04t for males. The distribution and elimination half-lives of OTC were 1.82 and 19.58 h, respectively, in females and 2.50 and 16.11 h, respectively, in males at 22 ℃. The areas under the drug concentration curve were 480 mg L-1 h-1 in females and 430 mg L-1 h-1 in males. The total body clearance of the drug was 157.11 mL kg-1 h-l in females and 172.47mLkg-1 h-1 in males. The apparent volume distribution was 4.44 in females and 4.01 Lkg-1 in males. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between female and male shrimps, indicating that there is no need to consider the gender effect in clinical use of OTC in F. chinensis farming.展开更多
Lamotrigine (LTG) is a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of new-onset, as well as refractory epilepsy. Due to the narrow treatment window and large individual variability in the pharmacokinetics a...Lamotrigine (LTG) is a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of new-onset, as well as refractory epilepsy. Due to the narrow treatment window and large individual variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LTG, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary in clinical practice to guide dose adjustments. Individual differences and drug combinations can also affect protein binding rate, which further affects the unbound concentration of LTG. The unbound fraction is more closely related to adverse reactions and therapeutic efficacy than total concentration. Therefore, it may be more meaningful to determine the unbound LTG concentration in plasma than the total concentration.Unbound LTG in plasma was extracted by ultrafiltration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure unbound LTG concentration. This method was validated by studies of its selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability.The method was validated over a linear range of 0.2 to 10.0 μg·mL–1, and its LLOQ was 0.2 μg·mL–1. The method’s relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 15%, and its accuracy (RE) was ±4.69%. The recoveries of unbound LTG at three different concentrations satisfied the requirements for the analysis of biological samples, and no significant degradation of LTG was observed under different storage conditions.A simple HPLC method showed good performance when used to measure unbound LTG concentration. This method might be used to study the relationship between unboundLTG concentrations and its effectiveness according to TDM.展开更多
文摘重症监护病房（intensive care unit，ICU）危重患者的救治工作强度大，良好的静脉通路对危重患者的生命支持非常重要。锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术（以下简称“锁穿”）建立静脉通路具有广泛的临床实用价值：监测血流动力学，注射抢救药物，输注高渗静脉营养、血管活性药物和高浓度药物，静脉采血，心脏临时起搏，血液净化治疗等，且易于固定，方便医疗及护理操作，减少工作量，
文摘Aim To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of scutellarin in plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in dogs. Methods Scutellarin was given to dogs by intravenous injection and determined by RP-HPLC, the mean plasma concentration-time curve was plotted and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by program 3p87. Resu;ts The concentration-time curve of scutellarin could be fitted to three-compartment model with T1/2 pi, T1/2 α and T1/2 β being 1.05 ± 0.80 min, 6.99 + 2.76 min and 51.61 + 28.78 min, respectively, Vc being 880.1 + 508.3 mL, CL being 189.6 + 53.8 mL@ min- 1, and AUC0-90 and AUC0-∞ being 574.43 + 133.95 μg@ min@ mL - 1 and 599.34 ± 132.00μg@ min@mL- 1, respectively. Conclusion The fact that the concentrations of scutellarin in plasma declined rapidly after the medication suggested that the T1/2 of scutellarin should be taken into account in drug administration and preparation development.
文摘经外周中心静脉置管（peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC）国外上世纪80年代开始应用于临床,经过几十年的发展,现在我国医院应用也越来越普及。由于PICC是惟一授权可以由护士操作的中心静脉置管术,加上留置时间长,维护简单等特点,非常适合化疗药物、刺激性药物、高浓度药物以及肠外营养液的输注,现在临床上普遍应用。
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System, China (No. CARS-47)the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest of China (No. 201103034)
文摘Fenneropenaeus chinensis, an economically important shrimp species, currently suffers from epizootic diseases due to high density stocking and bacterial infections. Oxytetracycline （OTC） has been widely used to treat various systemic bacterial infec- tions in shrimp farming. In the present study, the effect of gender on pharmacokinetics of OTC in F. chinensis was investigated. The OTC concentrations in hemolymph of shrimp after single intramuscular administration （75 mg OTC per kg body weight） were ana- lyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and best described with a two-compartment open model which is characterized by a short elimination half-life, low clearance, and a relatively large apparent volume of distribution. The pharmacokinetic equations were Ct= 58.54e-0.38t＋ 11.67e-0.04t for females; and Ct= 27.94e-0.28t＋ 14.87e-0.04t for males. The distribution and elimination half-lives of OTC were 1.82 and 19.58 h, respectively, in females and 2.50 and 16.11 h, respectively, in males at 22 ℃. The areas under the drug concentration curve were 480 mg L-1 h-1 in females and 430 mg L-1 h-1 in males. The total body clearance of the drug was 157.11 mL kg-1 h-l in females and 172.47mLkg-1 h-1 in males. The apparent volume distribution was 4.44 in females and 4.01 Lkg-1 in males. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between female and male shrimps, indicating that there is no need to consider the gender effect in clinical use of OTC in F. chinensis farming.
基金Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2013021079)
文摘Lamotrigine (LTG) is a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of new-onset, as well as refractory epilepsy. Due to the narrow treatment window and large individual variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LTG, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary in clinical practice to guide dose adjustments. Individual differences and drug combinations can also affect protein binding rate, which further affects the unbound concentration of LTG. The unbound fraction is more closely related to adverse reactions and therapeutic efficacy than total concentration. Therefore, it may be more meaningful to determine the unbound LTG concentration in plasma than the total concentration.Unbound LTG in plasma was extracted by ultrafiltration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure unbound LTG concentration. This method was validated by studies of its selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability.The method was validated over a linear range of 0.2 to 10.0 μg·mL–1, and its LLOQ was 0.2 μg·mL–1. The method’s relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 15%, and its accuracy (RE) was ±4.69%. The recoveries of unbound LTG at three different concentrations satisfied the requirements for the analysis of biological samples, and no significant degradation of LTG was observed under different storage conditions.A simple HPLC method showed good performance when used to measure unbound LTG concentration. This method might be used to study the relationship between unboundLTG concentrations and its effectiveness according to TDM.
