西藏高海拔地区小麦丰产栽培技术研究

西藏地处我国西南部,境内地势较高,平均海拔在4000米以上,属于高寒缺氧地区。由于这一极端地理、气候条件给农业生产带来很多挑战,但是小麦是西藏主要粮食作物,在其中发挥着举足轻重的作用。但是受高海拔地区独特生态环境与气候条件影响,西藏地区小麦传统栽培技术通常达不到理想产量与质量,限制当地农业发展与粮食安全。

高寒高海拔地区水土保持与生态承载力关系研究

为了研究某高寒高海拔地区水土保持与生态承载力的关系,分别从植被、降雨、土壤和地形进行分析,得出以下结论:降雨侵蚀力因子在一年内夏季较高、冬季较低;降雨侵蚀力因子、土壤可侵蚀性因子、坡度坡长因子和维持水土保持需要的最小植被盖度最大值均出现在东南部附近,该处被侵蚀较为严重,生态承载力较弱,需要加强防护。

制约高海400米成绩的主要因素及提高对策

短跑中400米跑对运动员的综合能力、全面素质要求很高,如何尽快提高高海的专项水平,完成400米专项指标,电动计时47.60秒(国家运动健将标准)。分析制约其专项成绩提高的主要因素是绝对速度水平较低,全程跑节奏紊乱,节奏感较差。因此,首要任务是提高无氧效率的训练,其次是要解决全程跑的节奏。如何在训练中有针对性地加以解决和提高是高海下阶段训练的关键所在。

基于综合集成研讨厅的TOT项目融资集成管理研究——以高海高速公路项目为例

将综合集成研讨厅方法应用于经营性公共基础设施TOT项目融资集成管理的研究，设计了TOT项目融资的综合集成研讨厅方案，探讨了实施过程。在此基础上，探讨了结构既定情况下，TOT项目融资的功能和运行机制集成。最后，通过高海高速公路的案例说明如何利用综合集成研讨厅的方法实现TOT项目融资的集成管理。

高海公路收费方案及收费标准的设计及研究

文章考虑高海公路的特点,按照国家有关文件的规定,提出了高海公路收取车辆通行费的收费建议方案,按照收费偿还贷款的原则,根据高海公路的技术等级、投资总额、当地物价指数、偿还贷款的期限和收回投资的期限以及交通量等方面因素并考虑云南省收费公路收费标准现状及道路使用者的承受能力设计了高海公路收费标准。

高海公路交通量分析预测

文章通过对高海公路近5年日交通量统计数据分析,并结合2005年对高海公路进行日交通量分类调查和沿线主要企业运输情况调查,分析高海公路未来日交通量趋势并预测未来交通量,为高海公路收费可行性研究及评价提供依据。

高寒高海拔山区公路安全性评价及保障措施

以川西高寒高海拔山区某高速公路为例,基于《公路项目安全性评价指南》运行速度预测与协调性评价方法,采用定性与定量、成熟结论和新研究成果相结合的研究手段,对预测模型进行修正,并融合多年设计经验与新设计理念,全面、客观、有效的对该公路施工图设计进行安全性评价,提出针对行车安全的路线优化方案、安全改善方法和相应的安全保障措施。

Synthetic analysis of meteorological elements for the sea fogs occurred in northwest the Yellow Sea under low pressure control and comparison with sea fogs occurred under high pressure control in summer

Based on the principle of transient perturbation analysis,in this paper,a method to objectively determine the weather pattern formed by sea fog is provided.On the basis of the classification results,the circulation situation,divergence and vertical velocity field,and the vertical profile of temperature and humidity are synthesized and analyzed.The basic characteristics of the circulation and physical field of sea fog under low pressure control(L type sea fog)are obtained,and the results are compared with the sea fog under the control of high pressure(H type sea fog):a)L type sea fogs potential height anomaly disturbance is mainly manifested in the low layer,and its average value is-65.66 gpm,gradually weakening upward;b)L type sea fogs inversion structure is weaker than H type sea fogs when it occurs,the fog layer is thicker and the high relative humidity level is high over the fog layer,while the H type sea fogs fog layer has a relatively obvious dry layer;c)L sea fog has three layers of structure at the vertical direction.The first layer 1000-950 hPa is convergence accompanied by weak rise and subsidence,the second layer 950-850 hPa is divergence accompanied by weak subsidence,and the third layer 850 to 500hPa is gradually strengthened.While there are two layer structures of the H type sea fog.1000 hPa is divergence accompanied by weak rising and sinking movement,950-500 hPa is a uniform subsidence movement.d)Probability density statistical analysis further quantified the vertical movement of L and H type sea fog and the distribution of relative humidity in each layer.These conclusions provide an important reference for forecasting the sea fog in the northwest of the Yellow Sea under the condition of low pressure circulation in summer.

Effects of Enhanced Ultraviolet Radiation-B on Maize in Arid Regions of Middle-high Elevation

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influence of enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B on maize in arid regions of middle-high elevation for correct assessing the influence of enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B on maize and providing scientific reference to make proper countermeasures. [ Method] The location test in field and lift lamp of UV-B were used to observe the changes of maize height, leaf area and number of green leaves under influences of different UV-B radiation. [ Result] In arid regions of middle-high elevation, enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B could dwarf maize plant, decrease leaf area, decline number of green leaves and yield. The reason of decreasing leaf area was that enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B shortened leaf length and leaf width while the reason of declining yield was that yield components were all negatively influ- enced and with the increase of ultraviolet radiation-B, the yield declined dramatically. [ Concluslonl The result of this experiment would be good for maize production in arid regions of middle-high elevation.

Coral Reef and High Sea Level at Luhuitou, Hainan Island during the Holocene

According to the field survey and ^14C dating at Luhuitou, southern Hainan Island, a subsiding area, the authors conclude the high sea level history recorded by coral reef in the Holocene. At least 4 sea level high-stands can be identified from the distribution of coral reef ages： 7300 - 6000 cal.aBP, 4800 - 4700 cal.aBP, 4300 - 4200 cal.aBP and 3100 - 2900 cal.aBP. The highest sea level occurred around 7300 - 6700 cal.aBP, and biological-morphological zones took their shape during the stage. The later coral reefs developed in ponds, depressions, and developed outwards on both sides of Luhuitou peninsula. The modern coral reefs are developing in out reef flat and reef-front slope. Moreover, the time of high sea levels in the northern South China Sea recorded by coral reefs in the Luhuitou peninsula can link up with that in other parts of South China Sea. That means the high sea levels in the South China Sea during the Holocene, which are relative to the warming climate, have the global background.

Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Plateau and Its Surrounding Area

The paper aims to study the impacts and countermeasures of climate change on animal husbandry in Qinghai plateau and its surrounding area,and evaluate the effect of countermeasures.Results showed that：First,the annual mean temperature,annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature showed an increasing trend in Qinghai plateau during the time from 1961 to 2008; the annual precipitation had not obvious change,but the obvious feature of seasonal change; wind speed and sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend during the time from 1961 to 2008.Secondly,under the current climate condition,grassland productivity showed a decreasing trend,and the grassland theoretical capacity affected by grassland productivity decreased too; warm winter was in favor of livestock overwintering safely,which resulted in a high level of the survival rate of young stock; temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing were beneficial to the fatness of livestock,but the meat yield of livestock was affected by some negative factors such as grassland degradation; livestock diseases had a close relationship with weather condition,and adverse weather condition may arose many diseases of livestock.Thirdly,in view of the current problems of livestock production,we took a series of countermeasures including grass industry construction,livestock improvement,developing new modes of animal husbandry,control and prevention of stockbreeding diseases and insect pests and recovery of meteorological disasters,which played a important role in promoting grassland productivity,solving the problem of the imbalances between livestock and forage,protecting the ecological environment and improving livestock performance.

Using 4C OBS to reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates at the northern continental slope of South China Sea

To investigate the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates in the northern continental slope of South China Sea, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted four-component （4C） ocean-bottom seismometer （OBS） surveys. A case study is presented to show the results of acquiring and processing OBS data for detecting gas hydrates. Key processing steps such as repositioning, reorientation, PZ summation, and mirror imaging are discussed. Repositioning and reorientation find the correct location and direction of nodes. PZ summation matches P- and Z-components and sums them to separate upgoing and downgoing waves. Upgoing waves are used in conventional imaging, whereas downgoing waves are used in mirror imaging. Mirror imaging uses the energy of the receiver ghost reflection to improve the illumination of shallow structures, where gas hydrates and the associated bottom-simulating reflections （BSRs） are located. We developed a new method of velocity analysis using mirror imaging. The proposed method is based on velocity scanning and iterative prestack time migration. The final imaging results are promising. When combined with the derived velocity field, we can characterize the BSR and shallow structures; hence, we conclude that using 4C OBS can reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates.

Study on Species Diversity of Alpine Vegetation with Different Altitudes in Daban Mountain

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate species diversity of alpine vegetation in different altitudes of Daban mountain. [Method] Plant communities were surveyed in three different altitudes （3 025 m,3 405 m,3 813 m） of Daban mountain,the eastern Qilian,and the richness or diversity index of vegetation in three different altitudes was comparatively analyzed. [Result] The species richness decreased with the gradual increase of altitude,and species diversity of plant communities was relatively lower in medium altitude. Furthermore,community similarity also decreased with the increase of altitude,and β diversity of communities had a significant change. [Conclusion] Environmental factor change caused by different altitudes and human disturbance are important reasons for the change of species distribution pattern in different altitudes.

Cultivation of Black Fungus under Forest in Middle-high Altitude Areas

[Objective] The study was to solve the contradiction between fungus and forest during the production of black fungi, and to obtain relatively high economic benefits and ecological benefits. [Method] Black fungi were cultivated in forest with middle-high altitude of 500-1 600 m. The germination time of fungus stick, germination days of buds, growth days of fruiting body, commodity exterior, marketing effect and biological efficiency of black fungi were investigated. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation, black fungus products cultivated under forest had the taste and flavor of wild black fungus. Fungus chaff wastage was directly decomposed by the roots in forest land, improving the soil structure of forest land. The need of moisture retention and the frequent access of administrative staff reduced the probability of forest fire occurrence. [Conclusion] Cultivation of black fungus under forest saves more than 70% fixed-asset investment on fungus shed, and the biological efficiency reached 12.2%.

海口特大桥深水基础施工技术

利用钢护筒跟进穿过透水层、钢模板围堰及混凝土封底等方法,解决滇池水域桥梁桩基、大体积混凝土浇筑等施工难题。

Sea Surface Roughness Derivation from Wind Speed Estimated by Satellite Altimeter

For open sea conditions the sea surface roughness is described as a function of surface stress and wind speed over sea surface by Charnock relation. The sea surface roughnessn in the North-west Pacific Ocean is derived successfully using wind speed data estimated by the TOPEX satellite altimeter. From the results we find that： （1） the mean sea surface roughness in winter is greater than in summer; （2） compared with other sea areas, the sea surface roughness in the sea area east of Japan （ N30°- 40°, E135°- 150°） is larger than in other sea areas; （3） sea surface roughness in the South China Sea changes more greatly than that in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea.

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Five Subtropical Forests in Lingao of Hainan

With 5 types of typical forests as research object, the physical and chemical properties of different types of forests were analyzed by sample plot investigation method. The results showed that： the soil total porosity was the highest in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest （46.168%）, but the lowest in the Encalyptus robusta forest （39.46%）. The soil capillary porosity was the highest in the Acacia mangium forest （22.57%）, but the lowest in the secondary forest （18.95%）. The soil water content was the highest in the C. equisetifolia forest, with a mean value of 27.85%, but the lowest in the secondary forest, with a mean value of 4.34%. The soil pH values were in the range of 4.81-6.59, the soils in the A. mangium forest, C. equisetifolia forest and E. robusta forest were strongly acidic （pH 4.5-5.5）, and the soils in the secondary forest and C. nucifera forest were weakly acidic. The soils had organic matter contents in the range of 0.34-28.68 g/kg, and showed an order of A. mangium forest〉C. equisetifolia forest〉E. robusta forest〉secondary forest〉C. nucifera forest, with a decreasing trend with the soil depth increasing. The soil total N contents were in the range of 0.10-1.63 g/kg, the A. mangium forest showed the highest soil total N contents, while the C. nucifera forest exhibited the lowest soil total N contents; the soil total P contents were in the range of 0.21-1.74 g/kg, and the E. robusta forest had the highest soil total P contents; and the soil total K contents were in the range of 0.16-2.15 g/kg, and the A. mangium forest exhibited the highest soil total K contents. The soil available P contents were in the range of 0.98-132.46 mg/kg; and the secondary forests had the highest soil available P contents; and the soil rapidly available K contents were in the range of 3.03-27.35 mg/kg, and the C. nucifera forest exhibited the highest soil rapidly available K contents. The soil ammonium N contents were in the range of 1.38-5.15 mg/kg, and the nitrate N contents were in the range were in the range of 0.56 -3.51 mg/kg. The A. mangium forest showed the highest soil nitrate N contents （with a mean value of 2.29 mg/kg） and ammonium N contents （with a mean value of 3.93 mg/kg）. For the same forest type, with the increase of soil depth, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content also showed a decreasing trend.

高寒隧道涌水处理措施

高寒隧道涌水问题严重影响隧道工程建设的工期和安全性,需要引起施工企业的高度重视。基于此,文章结合新建关角隧道建设情况,分析了高寒段地下水类型和施工期间涌水情况,并提出了相应的处理措施,对类似工程隧道的施工建设具有一定的指导和帮助作用。

Analysis to the Driving Force Model and Driving Factor on the Utilized Changes of Cultivated Land in Gonghe County

Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.